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PLANNING THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA OR AUDIO-
VISUAL MATERIALS
PUTTING YOUR MIND INTO ACTION
Media or audio visual materialsNot a substitute for effective instructionComplementary materialsCould have greatest amount of good teaching
and learning from them
When Media or Av’s are Used
No specific timeDepends on the teacher, subject matter the
students and the learning situation
Uses of Media and AV’sIntroducing of a unitDeveloping a unitInterpreting a unitFollowing-up or summarizing the unitCorrelating bits of informationIdentifying self with a situationTransferring to real life situationMotivating and arousing of interestProviding individual and group therapy
How Media or AV’s are Used?Adds much to the art of learning
Basic Plan of Effective Teaching
1. Prepare yourselfConsider the value and purpose of the
material being coveredConsider the needs and interests of the
studentsConsider how the medium can best be utilizePreview or audit the material to be used
2. Prepare the classroomSee that all the necessary materials are on
hand and arranged for their best use.Be sure that the light can be controlled if
needed.Check ventilation and seating.
3. Prepare the classExplain why the particular medium is being
used.Discuss what the medium includesExplain what you expect them to get out of itIntroduce new words and terminologyDescribe any follow-up activities including
test.
4. Present the materialsMake presentation forcefulWatch the timeObserve student reaction
5. SummarizeDiscuss the presentation in detailAsk summary questionsClarify misconceptionsTest, if necessaryFollow-upAllow students to utilize their own knowledgeDevelop or assign follow-up activites
Systems Approach to TeachingSkills (developed?)Thorough planning (done?)Inflexible lesson plans, organized and
systematic classroom activities (problem?)
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS + SYSTEMATIC APPROACH = EFFECTIVE TEACHING
Systematic Approach to the Development of Learning Process
Should encompass:a. The learnerb. The objective and content of the lessonc. The methods to be used in instructiond. The instructional materials to be used, including
consideration or unique strengths and weaknesses
e. The facilities or environmentf. The supporting equipmentg. The student and teacher evaluation of results, in
changed behavior and attitudes
Five Phases in a Total System Instruction 1. Introduction2. Development3. Organization4. Summarizing5. Evaluation
1. InstructionMotivational and exploratory phaseUse of AV’s can help
1. InstructionWhen instructional materials are used,the teacher must consider the following
preparations:1. Self preparation (preview and evaluate)2. Preparation of presentation (consider how the
media will be most effective)1. Showing the materials all the way through.2. Showing only excerpts/segments/frames3. Showing materials with recorded narration4. Showing the material without recorded narration5. Pausing at specific points for comment/+info6. Repeating segments7. Combining two or more media
2. Development PhaseInvolves the location and learning of the
required information by the students
3. Organization PhaseTime for “pulling together”School media centerUse of pictures, slides, charts, models, maps,
graphs audio and video recording etc.Dramatizations, debates, reports, panel
discussions, role-playing are activities which may be planned and developed
4. Summarizing PhaseStudents may make summary presentation,
hand written reports, scrap book, papers etc.Teacher may reshow the audio/visual
material of the topic or closely related to the topic as a review and to “cement” together all the facets of study. “loose-ends” are tied together.
5. Evaluation PhaseInvolves 2 areas of evaluation.
Student and teacherStudents are made to be aware that they are
to be held accountable for lesson content and ultimately for changes in behavior. Changes that prepare them to live and function as contributing citizens in the society.
Evaluation Techniques used in evaluationWritten tests
T or F, multiple choice, fill-in-the blank, matching type, essay or take-home exams
Oral discussions, dramatizations, role-playing, demontrations
Audiotaped or videotaped responses.Written reports, term papers or research paper.Student produced instructional materials like
maps, graphs, photographic slides, bulletin board displays, exhibits.
In critical evaluation of the student’s performance, the teacher may do the following:
Suggest revisions or refinement of parts of the presentation/report.
Show evidence of faults in the presentation plan, content, procedures or instructional materials
Identify problems arising from unclear/inadequate objectives, evaluation procedures or methods.
Indicate lack of student readinessShow evidence of the need for review or remedialShow evidence of too slow/ fast pace.
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