Mis

MIS

Data, Information and Systems

Data

A given fact , a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world Data are sets of discrete objective facts, presented

without judgment or context The raw materials in the production of information

Data, Information and Systems

Information Data that have meaning within a context

Data in relationships

Data after manipulation

Data become information when they are categorized, analyzed, summarized and placed in context, becoming intelligible to the recipient.

Data, Information and Systems

Data Manipulation

Example: Customer Survey

Reading through data collected from a customer survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.

When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information

Generating Information

Computer-based Information System take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.

Figure 1.1 Input-process-output

Data, Information and Systems

Data, Information and Systems

Information is Critical

The information we have is not what we want,

The information we want is not the information we need

The information we need is not available.

Data, Information and Systems

Why need Information?

To ensure effective and efficient decision – making leading to prosperity of the Organization.

Data, Information and Systems

The Four Stages of Data Processing

Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

Output: Information is displayed or presented.

Feedback: Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

Data, Information and Systems

University

Inputs: Students, Faculty, Textbooks Processes: Education/Courses Output: graduates Feedback: surveys, grades

Data, Information and Systems

Toyota Plant

Inputs: raw materials, components Processes: assembly line Output: mini-vans Feedback: customer surveys, quality reports

Data, Information and Systems

What is a system?

A set of components that interact to accomplish goals

What is an IS? A set of interrelated components that collect input,

process, and output data and information and provide a feedback/control mechanism

What is a MIS? An IS that uses IT. Components: hardware, software,

databases, networks, people, procedures

Historic Development

TPS

OAS

MIS

DSS

ESS

KS/ES

AI

Transaction Processing System

Office Automation System

Management Information System

Decision Support System

Executive Support System

Knowledge / Expert System

Artificial Intelligence

Management Information System

The three sub-components – MIS

- together bring out the focus clearly & effectively.

System emphasizing a fair degree of Integration and a holistic view

Information stressing on processed data in the context in which it is used by the end user

Management focusing on the ultimate use of such information systems for managerial decision making

Management Information System

Support ofManagerialDecision Making

Support ofBusiness Operations

Management Information SystemManagement Level

Knowledge Level

Operational Level

Operational Level

Information System which monitors the elementary activities and transaction of the organization.

Transaction Processing System Eg.

Operational Level System

Sales & Marketing Order Tracking & Order Processing

Manufacturing Plant Scheduling & Material Movement Control

Finance Securities Trading & Cash Management

Accounting Payroll, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable

Human Resource Compensation Training & Development & employee record keeping

Knowledge Level System

Information System that support knowledge and data workers in an organization

Knowledge Level System Eg.

Engineering Workstation & Word Processing

Graphic Workstation & Document Imaging

Managerial Workstation & Electronic Calendars

Management Information System

Management Level System

Information System which support the monitoring controlling decision making and administrative activities of middle management.

Management Information System Eg.

Sales & Marketing Sales Management & Sales Region Analysis

Manufacturing Inventory Control & Production Scheduling

Finance Annual Budgeting & Cost Analysis

Accounting Capital Investment Analysis & Profitability/Pricing

Analysis

Strategic Level System

Information System that supports the long range planning activities of senior managers

Strategic Level System Eg.

Executive Support System

Sales & Marketing 5 Year Sales trend forecast

Manufacturing 5 Year operational plan

Finance 5 Year budgeting forecast

Accounting Profit Planning