NPP, Nuclear Power Plant,

Nuclear Power PlantsSeventeen Nuclear ReactorsProduction – 4120.00MWEnergy from atomic nuclei via controlled

nuclear reactions(Fission) Uranium-235 and plutonium-239.

Nuclear Fission

Advantages of NPPFuel is inexpensive and easy to transport.Energy generated is very efficient and and

the remaining waste is compact.Nuclear reactors need little fuel.Amount of waste produced is much smaller

than that produced in coal burning plantChance of a nuclear accident is 1 in 250

years.Clean source of energy.

DisadvantagesActual cost of producing energy is more

because of containment, radioactive waste storage system

The mining of the fuel itself can cause serious problems

The meltdown of reactor can cause serious disaster.

NPP Using A Heat Exchanger

PWR – Pressurized Water Reactor

Main Components Of A ReactorFuel Rods – Tube filled with pellets of UraniumShielding - Protection against alpha, beta and Gamma

RaysModerator - Slow down the neutron release(Heavy

water, Beryllium, Graphite)Control Rods - neutron absorbing material(boron

Carbide, cadmium)Coolant - To transfer the heat generated inside the

reactor to a heat exchanger for utilization of power generation

Steam Separator - steam from the heated coolant is fed to the turbines to produce electricity from generator.

Containment - concrete lined cavity acting as a radiation shield

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)

Heavy Water Reactor(CANDU)

Gas-Cooled Reactor

Selection of SiteAvailability of water - NPP requires ample

amount of water for cooling and steam generation.

Disposal of Waste – Dangerous waste/residue obtainedIt needs to be disposed deep under the ground in sea so that radioactive effect is eliminated.

Away from populated area – For health safetyNearest to the load centre Other Factors – Accessibility to the road and rail

are general considerations.