Nutrients

NUTRIENTS & NUTRITIONNUTRIENTS & NUTRITION

Submitted by,Vidhya. VNatural science

What Is NutritionWhat Is Nutrition-Nutrient: A chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body.-Nutrition: The study of how your body uses the food that you eat.-Malnutrition: is the lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period

What is a Nutrient(A nutrient is a chemical substance in

food that helps maintain the body.) Some provide energy. All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing. No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function.

Deficiency Disease: failure to meet your nutrient needs.

Vitamins Minerals Water Protein Carbohydrates Fats

Sugars

Cellulose

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesThe body’s chief source of energySugar

◦Simple Carbohydrates Glucose: Blood Fructose: Fruit Galactose: Milk Sucroce: Table sugar

Starches◦Complex Carbohydrates

Fiber

FatsFatsImportant energy source

◦Lipid family which includes fats and oilsHydrogenation: adds hydrogen atoms to

unsaturated fatty acids (liquid) turning them into more saturated solid fats◦Crisco and margarine sticks

Cholesterol: fatlike substance found in every cell in the body◦Important… found in skin tissue, produces

hormones◦Two types: Dietary and Blood

ProteinsProteins

Provide energy, encourage growth and tissue repair

Made up of small units called amino acids◦20 important to the human body: 9 your

body can’t make and 11 it canComplete protein: animal foods and

soyIncomplete proteins: plant foods

◦Must pair 2 foods together: beans and rice

VitaminsVitaminsAre complex organic substances

◦Normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction

◦Your body cannot produce all vitamins you can get those by eating a nutritious diet.

Fat-soluble vitamins: carried in fatty parts of foods and dissolve in fats (body stores them in fat... build up can be dangerous)

Water-soluble vitamins: dissolve in water (body does not store them)

Fat-Soluble VitaminsFat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamin AVitamin DVitamin EVitamin K

Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble VitaminsVitamin B-Complex

◦ Thiamin (vitamin B1)◦ Riboflavin (vitamin

B2)◦ Niacin (nicotinamide,

nicotinic acid) ◦ Vitamin B6

(pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine)

◦ Folacin (folic acid)

◦ Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

MineralsMineralsIn addition to vitamins your body also

needs 15 minerals that help regulate cell function and provide structure for cells. Major minerals, in terms of amount present, include calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. In addition, your body needs smaller amounts of chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, chloride, potassium and sodium.

Amounts needed for most of these minerals is quite small and excessive amounts can be toxic to your body.

WaterWaterWater is your body's most important

nutrient, is involved in every bodily function, and makes up 70- 75% of your total body weight. Water helps you to maintain body temperature, metabolize body fat, aids in digestion, lubricates and cushions organs, transports nutrients, and flushes toxins from your body.

Everyone should drink at least 64 ounces per day, and if you exercise or are overweight, even more. Your blood is approximately 90% water and is responsible for transporting nutrients and energy to muscles and for taking waste from tissues.

Nutrients that have Calories: Proteins

Carbohydrates

Fats

Definition of a Calorie:o A unit of measure for energy in food