Plagiarism final

Plagiarism

Crystal Cameron-Vedros, MLSHeather Collins< MLS

A.R. Dykes Library

May 7, 2012

Plagiarism

A CHILD

STUDENT

MIND

PAPER

Is not a vase to be filled, but a fire to be lit.

-Francois Rabelias

Objectives

1. Understand what plagiarism is

2. Context and culture of plagiarism

3. Prevention

4. Technology tools and their limitations

Plagiarism

Use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work.

-Random House Dictionary 1995

Plagiarius

Can you translate this Latin term?

Plagiarism

The Latin word, plagiarius, means kidnap or plunder. Plagiarism is kidnapping in the academic sense.

 -Plagiarism: a how-not-to guide for students, 2009

Plagiarism

It is ethically wrong to falsely pass off information as your own.

Plagiarism

Using work from another source and not citing the source.

Not putting quotation marks around a quotation.

Providing false information about where a quotation was derived: fabricating.

Reworking the words but keeping the exact same structure.

Claiming others’ works to be yours.

Copyright Infringement

Using the intellectual property of others without seeking permission.

Even by citing your source and giving attribution to the creator, copyright infringement can be claimed if the owner chooses to file a complaint.

Fair Use

Fair use offers a set of guidelines with which the courts can refer when judging a copyright infringement claim.

Go here foe a commonly used Fair Use Checklisthttp://copyright.columbia.edu/copyright/fair-use/fair-use-checklist/

Plagiarism vs. Copyright

PlagiarismExample:

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

–Crystal Cameron-Vedros, May 1, 2012

Copyright

http://motherboard.vice.com/2012/1/16/copyright-king-why-the-i-have-a-dream-speech-still-isn-t-free

Consequences of Plagiarism

Are there levels of consequences depending on the severity of plagiarized content?

Is eating a grape in the grocery store equal to stealing a car in the parking lot?- Blum, Susan D. My

Word! Plagiarism and college culture, Cornell University Press, 2009.

Read a review of this book here http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/02/03/myword

KUMC Policies

Faculty

Guidelines for Dealing with Allegations of Scientific and Other Scholarly Misconduct

-Handbook for Faculty and Other Unclassified Staff, p. 189 http://www2.kumc.edu/aa/fa/pdf/Handbook.pdf

Students

Expectations for Conduct: I will not plagiarize the work of others and will be precise in attribution of authorship and the work of others.

-KUMC Student Handbook http://www.kumc.edu/studenthandbook/graduate.html

Campus Need Assessment

Robust reporting and corrections system for student plagiarism?

What’s “Not-to-Get”?

Why is plagiarism misunderstood?

Why do students and faculty and researchers plagiarize?

Culture Pressure to get published

In a hurry, don’t have time

Pressure to get promotion and tenure

Pressure to get a good grade

Pressure to hand in the paper and move on

Faculty Cautions

Assigning student papers intended to support your research, w/o attribution

Mining bibliographies of students, w/o attribution

Having others do leg-work (lit reviews, background research)

Acknowledge co-authors (e.g. IR, TLT, other faculty/staff, librarians, GTAs, students, patients, etc.)

Culture

In our digital environment, students are open to sharing and don’t think of giving attribution.

Culture

Students are used to downloading music and movies

Students are used to brief twitter-sized snippets (w/o attribution)

Students are used to posting quotes on social media without attributing the source

Culture

International students don’t always understand U. S. intellectual property laws.

It can be challenging for international students to write with command of the English language, making paraphrasing difficult.

What can librarians and faculty do?

Changing the Culture

Where do values, integrity, ethics come from?

“The very spring and root of honesty and virtue lie in good education.”

-Mestrius Plutarchos (Plutarch)

Changing the Culture

Values & Integrity Professional Personal Cultural

Ethics and perspective Meaning Philosophy

Professionalism

Faculty

WritingInfo Literacy

Faculty

ContentFaculty

Administration

Changing the Culture

Why are we here? Your $ Your Future Your Growth Your Knowledge

Photo: Julianne Villaflor www.ennailuj.tk Creative Commons- attributionhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/ennailuj/4942058449/

Changing the Culture

Academic Communication How it works Why it exists Various functions How to participate Value of research and writing in nursing

Antibiotics of Plagiarism

ReflectionMetacogniti

onMastery

Belonging

Independence

ResponsibilityAccountability

Socratic TeachingInquiry vs

Direct Instruction

PRIDE OWNERSHIP Inquisitiveness

Antibiotics of Plagiarism

Self-efficacyApplicationSimulation

Context

ModelingEmpowerm

entPositivity

Professionalism

AccountabilityAccurateness

MEANINGRELEVANCE

ENTHUSIASM INTEGRITY

Writing Skills for Avoiding Plagiarism Paraphrasing means more than just rewording something you’ve read.

  Paraphrasing means that you are restating something you’ve read.

  Restating something you’ve read requires you to use quotations when you are using the exact

words of another writer.

  Make sure your quotes don’t exceed the fair use guidelines.

Use longer quotes when the content provides something you can’t: a well-turned phrase, an expert opinion or statement.

  At the end of your restatement, attribute the original source according to the writing style manual

assigned by your instructor.

  Your research paper should be a combination of paraphrasing and your own original ideas about

the topic.

  When in doubt, cite!

Good and Bad5-6 Page Research Paper on Nursing Theorist , 3 sources

Regurgitation Heavily covered on

Allnurses.com Common topic,

common assignment

PBL –Applying X Theory, IPE Care Map, 5 sources per student, literature review

Show knowledge of theory

Cite theory Apply, Evaluate Collaborate (peer-

review) Show work (lit review)

Blooms TaxonomyEvaluation

Synthesis

Analysis

Application

Comprehension

Knowledge

Bloom, B.S. (Ed.). (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives, Vol.1: The cognitive domain. New York: McKay.

1) Assignment Design1. Discipline, course, content specific

2. PBL

3. Unique assignment criterion

4. Facilitate each step, NO GAPS*Access * Technology *Knowledge

5. Devote graded class time to projects

6. Process-based (revision, documentation)

7. In-depth

8. Chunk it out

9. Communication

10. Inquiry, not regurgitation

11. Creativity and originality

12. Change syllabi regularly

From Robins, A. Integrating writing into your course. University of Wisconsin, Madison Retrieved from http://mendota.english.wisc.edu/~WAC/page.jsp?id=141&c_type=category&c_id=24

2) Formal/Informal Assessment

1. Reflection, reflection, reflection course ----self ----- project(s)

2. Monitor in-class work

3. Know each student’s name

4. Peer-review, group work

5. Content knowledge

6. CMS metrics

3) Collaboration

1. Small group size

2. Social media

3. Information literacy

4. Digital literacy

5. Writing Lab (KU Lawrence)

6. Orient yourself to the curriculum- concurrent and prior course assignments

7. Interprofessional collaborations

Chasing Plagiarism Google, Google Scholar, Google Books Search

“quotations” (usually near the top) Amazon Wikipedia Allnurses.com Nearest resources- textbooks, the other items cited Classmates’ citations CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Nursing searches (first

results, abstract searches)

Caveats to Plagiarism Prevention

Policing Approach with detection software

Policy Handbook Violation Approach

These law enforcement approaches can instill fear rather than teach writing and citing skills, ethics and integrity.

Reviews of Plagiarism Detection Software

SafeAssign-KU main campus licenses this product via Blackboard. http://writing.ku.edu/~writing/instructors/safeassign.shtml

KUMC does not currently license any plagiarism detection software

Reviews of Plagiarism Detection Software

Plagiarism Checker Tests, 2009-2010 http://

www.plagiarismtoday.com/2011/01/13/plagaware-takes-top-honors-in-plagiarism-checker-showdown

False Positives in detection softwarehttp://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/03/13/detect

Citation Management Software

EndNote, Zotero, RefWorks, Mendeley Hyperlinks to fulltext Integrates and promotes citation Helps students organize and use citations Only as good as the user Is not a magic bullet

Writing “Services”Paper Mills and Fee- Based Writing Services may be seen as legitimate businesses

Some may view the payment for writing papers to be a work-for-hire and therefore ethical.

Community answer board- All Nurses.com

Writing “Services”

Exposé from a burned-out “Shadow Scholar”Dante, Ed. The Shadow Scholar: the man who writes your students’ papers tells his story. Chronicle of Higher Education. November 12, 2010http://chronicle.com/article/The-Shadow-Scholar/125329/

“With respect to America's nurses, fear not. Our lives are in capable hands —just hands that can't write a lick.

Nursing students account for one of my company's biggest customer bases. I've written case-management plans, reports on nursing ethics, and essays on why nurse practitioners are lighting the way to the future of medicine.

I've even written pharmaceutical-treatment courses, for patients who I hope were hypothetical.”

Contact Info

Crystal Cameron-Vedros cvedros@kumc.edu 913-588-7916

Heather Collins hcollins@kumc.edu 913-588-7330

References Blum, S. D. (2010). My word!: Plagiarism and college culture. Cornell University Press. Dante, E. (2010, November 12). The shadow scholar. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/The-Shadow-Scholar/125329/ Gilmore, B. (2009). Plagiarism: A how-not-to guide for students. Heinemann. Lampert, L. D. (2008). Combating student plagiarism: An academic librarian’s guide

(Chandos Series for Information Professionals) (1st ed.). Neal-Schuman Publishers. Sutherland-Smith, W. (2008). Plagiarism, the internet, and student learning: Improving

academic integrity (1st ed.). Routledge. Vicinus, M., & Eisner, C. (Eds.). (2008). Originality, imitation, and plagiarism: Teaching

writing in the digital age. University of Michigan Press.

Supplemental Information

The following slides were not used in this presentation but offer supplemental information.

Writing “Services”

YouTube testimonials of the magic of essay writing services. http://www.youtube.com./watch?v=HKkO_KMLX3M

Some Prominent Plagiarism Scandals

April, 2012 President of Hungary resigned after allegations of plagiarism in his Doctoral thesis.

Stephen Ambrose, historian and writer

Doris Kearns Goodwin, historian and writer

Quiz

Have students turn in permalink or copies of each paper in the bibliography.

PLAGIARISM PREVENTION

A. STRONG

A. MEDIUM

B. WEAK

Quiz Have students create a literature review and include:

*their search strategies

*locations of resources *Coverage of topic(s) in the literature

*search results *keywords, subject headings

PLAGIARISM PREVENTION

A. STRONG

A. MEDIUM

B. WEAK

Quiz

Challenge students in a group to observe a clinic, pinpoint a nursing intervention (missing or present). Write a PICO question, search for EBP literature, and report on best practice.

PLAGIARISM PREVENTION

A. STRONG

A. MEDIUM

B. WEAK