Reading kelompok

1. CICI MELFITRI

2. JUNAIDI ISMAEL

3. ONA ASMAIDA

4. RICKY RISMAN

5. ZULHIDAWENI

READINGKEL VII

UNDERSTANDING THE WRITER’S

MESSAGE

AND

UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHOR’S

PURPOSE

1. UNDERSTANDING THE WRITER’S

MESSAGE

1. CONNOTATIVE MEANINGAnd

DENOTATIVE MEANING

two levels of meaning are called denotative and conotative

1.Denotative : refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨

2. Connotative :refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word.

EXAMPLE

Example denotative:

My sister drink milk everyday

Denotative meaning is :

“drink”

Example connotative :

The scapegoat in this case is andi

Connotative meaning is

: “scapegoat”

2. IMPLIED MEANINGS

An inference is an aducated guess or prediction about something unknown based on available facts and information. It is logical connection that you draw between what you observe or know and what you do not know.

Example implied meanings

A woman seated alone in a bar nervously glances at everyone who enters . Every few minutes she checks her watch.

3. HOW TO MAKE

INFERENCES

1. Be sure you understand the literal meaning

2. Notice details

3. Add up the facts 4. Watch for

clues

5. Be sure your inference is supportable

4. Figurative Language

“The cake tasted like a moist sponge “

You know that a cake cannot really have the same taste as sponge.

Example 1 :

Figurative language is a way of describing something that makes sense on an imaginative level but not on a factual or literal level. Notice that while none of the above expressions is literally true , each is meaningful.

Example 2 :

Sam eats like a horse

The diagram below shows the comparison being made in this

figurative expression

Sam eats large amounts of food

A horse eats large amounts of food

Sam eats like a horse

2. UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHOR’S

PURPOSE

1. Style and itended audience

Have you noticed that writers have unique characteristics as well ; one author may use many examples , another may use few. One author may use relatively short sentences, an other may use long complicated ones. The characteristics that make a writer unique are known as style. By changing their style , writers can create different effects.

2. TONE

The tone is a speaker’s voice help you interpret what he or she is saying

Just as speaker’s tone of voice tells how the speaker feels, so does a writer convey a tone , or feeling through his or her writing

EXAMPLE

1. INSTRUCTIVE: when you purchasing a piece of

clothing one must be concerned with quality as well as with price. Be certain to check for the following : double- stitched seams , matched patterns, and ample linings.

22. SYMPATHETIC

:: the forlorn , frightened-looking child wandered throuhg the streets alone , searching for someonewho would show an interest in helping her find her parents.

3. PERSUASIVE: child abuse is a tragic

occurence in our society . Strong legislation is needed to control the abuse or innocent victims and to punish those who are insensitive to the rights and feelings of others.

3. LANGUAGE

1. Objective and Subjective

Language

Objective language is

factual, where as subjective

language expresses

attitudes and feelings.

Descriptive language is a particular type of subjective langauge . It isthe use of words that appeal to one or more of the reader’s senses.

Descriptive words help the reader create an imaginary picture of the object, person, or event being describ

2. DESCRIPTIVE LANGUAGE