Spanish 3 grammar book – semester 2

SPANISH 3 GRAMMAR

BOOK – SEMESTER 2

Amalia Manivannan

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Conditional 2. Conditional Irregulars3. Present Perfect4. Present perfect irregulars5. Past Perfect6. Subjunctive perfect7. Tanto y tan8. Impersonal ‘se’9. Saber vs. Conocer10. Formal Commands11. Formal Commands

Irregular12. Informal Commands13. Informal Commands

Irregular14. DOP + IOP placement

15. Nosotros command -with mono verbs

16. Subjunctive 17. (Formation of Subjuntive

in a Sentence)18. Subjunctive Irregulars19. Trigger phrases20. Impersonal expressions21. Expressions of emotion

with present subjunctive22. Conjunctions of time23. Demonstrative Adjectives 24. Demonstrative Pronouns

CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCTION Would,

should, could, wonder if, probably

Infinitive + ending

Ending = ìa ìamos

ìas ìais ìa ìan

CONDITIONAL IRREGULARSDecir = dir

Haber = habr

Hacer = har

Poder = podr

Poner = podr

Querer = querr

Saber = sabr

Salir = Saldr

Tener = tendr

Venir = vendr

PRESENT PERFECT

Present PerfectWhen speaking about something (an action) that was true in the past and is still true in the present• He

estudiado espanol por tres anos

To indicate that an action was completed recently• He

terminado la tarea

Haber + verb in

past participle

form

Conjugation of Haber

He Hemos

Has Habéis Ha Han

PRESENT PERFECT - IRREGULARAbrir = abierto

Cubrir = cubierto

Decir = dicho

Escribir = escrito

Hacer = hecho

Morir = muerto

Poner = puesto

Resolver = resuelto

Romper = roto

Ver = visto

Volver = vuelto

Ir - ido

PAST PERFECT

Combine the auxiliary verb “had” with the past participle

Because the past perfect is a

compound tense, 2 verbs are

required – main and auxiliary

Haber Conjugation

Había Habíamos

Habías …………. Había

Habían

Main Verb Endings er/ir = ido

ar = ado

PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

Used when a verb or an expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or the present perfect

- Present subjunctive is used when the dependant clause is in the present or future - Present perfect subjuntive is used when the dependant clause is in the past

Examples: - - Dudo que lo hayas hecho - “It is good that he is studying”• Es bueno

que estudie …….vs. - “It is good that he studied”

• Es bueno que haya estudiado

Sunjunctive of the verb haber …….+………………...past participle of the main verb

Tan

• Use “tan como” for adjectives and adverbs

• Ex: El libro es tan bueno como la película

Tanto

• Use “tanto como” for nouns

• Ex: Marionela tiene tanto tarea como su hermana

TAN AND TANTO

IMPERSONAL SE

Impersonal SeUse se to aviod specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb• Se vende

frutas

When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person• Se habla

espanol

Se can be used in all

tenses

Saber• To know

• Facts or information sé sabemes sabes sabe saben

Conocer• To know

• People, place, thing, or published works Conozco conocemos conoces conoce concocen

SABER AND CONOCER

• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -e-ar• Conjugate to yo form• Drop-o and add -a-er• Conjugate to yo form• Drop –o and add -a-ir

FORMAL COMMANDS

T• tener • Tenga(n

)

V• Venir• Venga(n

)

D• Dar

dé(n)•Decirdiga(n)

I • Ir• Vaya(n)

S • Ser• Sea(n)

H • Hacer• Haga(n)

E • Estar• Esté(n)

S • Saber• Sepa(n)

Irregular Comman

ds

IRREGULAR FORMAL COMMANDS

• Conjugate to the tú form

• Drop the “s”Affirmative

• Put in yo form• Change to

opposite vowel• Add an “s”

Negative

INFORMAL COMMANDS

affi

rmati

ve

Di (decir)

Haz (hacer)

Ve (ir)

Pon (poner)

Sal (salir)

Sé (ser)

Ten (tener)

Ven (venir)

Tengas (tener)

Vengas (venir)

Dés, digas (dar,

decir)

Vayas (ir)

Seas (ser)

Hagas (hacer)

Estés (estar)

Sepas (saber)

neg

ati

ve

TU COMMAND IRREGULARS

Direct Object Pronouns

• affirmative commands: it is attached to end of command with an accent on first syllable vowel

• negative commands: it comes after “no”, before the command

Formal and Informal Commands

NOSOTROS COMMANDSREGULARCONSTRUCTIO

N-Yo form -Drop the o

-Add opposite nosotros ending

MONO CONSTRUCTIO

N- Drop the final s of the command

form and add reflexive pronoun

*Attitudes*Uncertain

*Hypothetical*Emotion*Doubt,

disbelief, denial

*Indefiniteness and non

existence

*Put it in the yo form, then subjunctive

endingAr

e emos es e en

Er/Ir a amos

as a an

Car, Gar, ZarCar – queGar – gueZar – ce

TV DISHESTener = tengaVenir = Venga

Decir = diga / Dar = de

Ir = VayaSer = Sea

Hacer = Haga / Haber = HayaEstar – Este

Saber = Sepa

Subjective Mood Construction Irregular

SUBUNCTIVE

Main clause qué Subjunctiv

e+ +

Formation of Subjunctive in a Sentence

FORMATION OF SUBJUNCTIVE IN A SENTENCE

SUBJUNCTIVE IRREGULARIrregular Notes

Irregular yo forms are present in subjunctive

Ar and Er have same stem changes as in the present (no change in the nosotros)

Ir stem changes (changes in nosotros) Ex: pedir, sentir, dormir

Impersonal Expressions – bueno que, malo que, necesario que ……....

Expresses an order, a need, a piece of advice, or a

desire

Connjunctions of Time Asi que, cuando, después de que, hasta que, luego que, tan pronto como …….Use subjunctive

clause – habitual or in the past

Expressions of Emotion alegrarse de que, sentir que, esperar que, temer

que ….Shows fear, happiness, anger, regret,

surprise, joy, pity

TRIGGER WORDS

Es urgente que…. it’s urgent that….

es necesario que… it's important that ...

es importante que ... it's important that ...

es dudoso que ... it's doubtful that ...

Subjunctive Impersonal Expressions

es bueno que ... it's good that ...

SUBJUNCTIVE IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS

CONJUNCTIONS OF TIME

Take the indicative when the action in the subordinate clause is either habitual or in the past.

Description

- Asi que – as soon as -Cuando – when - Despues de que – after -En cuanto – as soon as -Hasta que –until -Luego que – as soon as -Tan pronto como – as soon as

Examples

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF EMOTION

•to be happy

Alegrarse (de)

•to hope; to wish

Esperar •to

be sorry; regret

Sentir (e:ie)

•to surprise

Sorprender

•to be afraid;to fear

Temer

•its sad

Es triste

•I hope (that)

•I wish (that)

Ojalá(que)

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVESThis –

este/esta

That – ese/ esa

These – estos/esta

s

Those – esos/esas

That over there –

aquel/aquella

Those over there –

aquellos/aquellas

That- esto

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

This one – éste/ésta

These ones – éstos/ éstas

That one – ése/ésas

Those ones –

ésos/ésas

Those ones over there –

aquéllos/ aquélla

That one over there –

aquél/ aquélla