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Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
What All Scientists Do
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Science is the study of the natural world through careful observation and investigation. There are many branches of science.
• Scientists use investigations to try to explain how and why things in the natural world happen.
• Investigations are procedures carried out to observe, study, or test something.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
What All Scientists Do
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• All scientists observe by using their five senses to collect information.
• All scientists compare by finding ways objects and events are similar and different.
• Scientists must think critically about the results of their investigations to learn more about the natural world.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Prove It!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Scientists collect evidence, or information, to explain observations during a scientific investigation.
• Evidence can be direct. A fossil of a dinosaur skull is direct evidence that dinosaurs once lived.
• Evidence can be indirect. A fossil of a dinosaur footprint is indirect evidence of dinosaurs.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Prove It!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Here is an example of a scientist collecting evidence:
• In the 1660s, a scientist named Dr. Francesco Redi designed an experiment on maggots.
• At that time, most people thought maggots grew out of rotting meat.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Prove It!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Redi put fresh meat in two jars. He covered one jar with cloth and left the other jar uncovered.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Prove It!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• He observed the meat over many days.
• He saw that flies landed on the meat in the uncovered jar. No flies landed on the meat in the covered jar.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Prove It!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Soon, there were maggots on the meat in the uncovered jar. There were no maggots on the meat in the covered jar.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Prove It!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Redi repeated the experiment many times.
• Each time, he observed the same thing: Maggots grew on meat that flies landed on, but no maggots appeared on meat with no flies.
• He concluded that maggots come from eggs that flies lay.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Prove It!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Which jar would the meat in the image below have been in?
A Sticky Trap
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How to Draw Conclusions
• Scientists repeat investigations over and over to draw conclusions. The conclusions are always based on evidence.
• A scientist uses inferences to draw conclusions based on evidence.
• Scientists do not use feelings or opinions to draw conclusions.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Opinion or Evidence?
• Opinions are beliefs or judgments. Scientists do not use opinions to draw conclusions.
• Personal feelings and opinions should not affect how you do investigations or your conclusions.
• You should not ignore evidence, even if you do not like what it means.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Knowledge Grows
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Scientists communicate, or share, the results of investigations.
• Other scientists can repeat the investigations and compare the results.
• Scientific knowledge grows as scientists expand on one another’s ideas.
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Meet Scientists
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Many people work as many different types of scientists.
• Astronomers: study how the universe works, using time and space relationships to investigate it
• Botanists: investigate questions about plants, such as how environmental conditions impact the plant cycle
• Taxonomists: identify and classify living things into categories based on specific characteristics
Unit 1 Lesson 1 What Is Science?
Meet Scientists
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Scientists may need to place objects or events in order. They may also need to classify objects or events based on specific characteristics.
• How do you know the order, or correct sequence, for the images below?
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