Reviews week1

Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Experiments for

Graduate Study

By Numchoak Sabangban

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Khonkaen University 1

Paper topic reviews Role and Importance of Forming Technology of High Strength Steel (HSS) for

Automotive Part Making Industry.

Tribology of Hot Forming Tool and High Strength Steels.

The Study Springback of Advanced High Strength Steel Sheet after Warm and

Hot Forming.

Evaluation of stamping lubricants at various temperature levels using the

ironing test.

Evaluation of stamping lubricants in forming advanced high strength

steels(AHSS) using deep drawing and ironing tests.

Evaluation of stamping lubricants using the deep drawing test.

Investigation of galling in forming galvanized advanced high strength steels

(AHSSs) using the twist compression test (TCT).

Influence of work material proof stress and tool steel microstructure on

galling initiation and critical contact pressure.

Springback prediction in sheet metal forming of high strength steels.

Introduction

One things to improve this automotive industry is car structure.

Introduction

The problem in car structure metal forming.

Introduction

Example during process.

Tribology of Hot Forming Tool and High

Strength Steels

Authors : Prof. Braham Prakash and Prof. Elisabet Kassfeldt

Method

Tribology of Hot Forming Tool and High

Strength Steels

Graph and conclusion

•The operating temperature has been shown to influence the friction and wear behaviour of tool steel and UHSS tribo-pairs.

•Generally, friction is reduced at elevated temperatures while wear increases with temperature.

•The most significant contributing wear mechanisms are adhesive and abrasive wear.

•Plasma nitriding of the tool steel is effective in reducing friction and wear at elevated temperatures and provides

protection against severe adhesive wear (i.e. galling).

The Study Springback of Advanced High

Strength Steel Sheet after Warm and Hot

Forming

Authors : Phaisin Jaitiang and Dilok Sriprapai

Method and materials : using HSS (SPFC 980Y)

Forming

Conclusion

• At high temperature was cause to reduce springback.

• When temperate to 900 C was not have springback.

• During temperature around 700 C the materials

hardness reduce to 19.65 %.

• The surface oxide can observe when temperature

higher 500 C.

Evaluation of stamping lubricants at various

temperature levels using the ironing test

Authors : Shrinidhi Chandrasekharana, Hariharasudhan Palaniswamya,Nitin

Jaina, Gracious Ngaileb, Taylan Altana

Method and materials : Improve the materials flow into the die, reduce wear

and galling in the die and obtain good finish the part by simulation and

experiment by using material AKDQ.

Evaluate : Lub and temperature

reach to 200 C.

Conclusion

At both room temperature and elevated temperature, Lub B (the zinc

phosphate coating + sodium soap),performed best followed by Lub A (the dry

film) and Lub E (pre-emulsified with solid lubricant), while the emulsions

failed (scratching and galling) due to the high interface pressures.

When starting process in FEM the friction factor was higher because the

contact of material is metal to metal.

The reduction ratio at elevated temperatures is smaller than that at room

temperature. A new ironing ring, which compensates for thermal expansion

may need to be designed.

Evaluation of stamping lubricants in forming

advanced high strength steels (AHSS) using

deep drawing and ironing tests Authors : Hyunok Kim, Taylan Altan and Quingguang Yan .

Materials and method : Using HSS(DP 690) to evaluate performance of

lubricant in the DD and ironing process by using FEM and experiment.

deep drawing and ironing tests

deep drawing and ironing testsConclusion

Based on performance evaluation criteria used in deep drawing and ironing

tests, Lubricants type Polymer-based lubricant with EP additive which the

best performance to this process.

The FE will predict the black contact pressure in the blank holder to evaluate

the performance of lubricant in the exit of production.

Evaluation of stamping lubricants using

the deep drawing test

Authors : Hyunok Kim, Ji Hyun Sung, Rajesh Sivakumar and Taylan Altan.

Material and method : Using 5 Lubricant (A, B, C, D and E)

In this research will evaluate the

performance of lubricant to find the

minimum friction and successful drawing.

Evaluation of stamping lubricants using

the deep drawing test

Graph and discussion

• Based on various evaluation criteria, Lub A

was most effective regardless of testing

speeds and BHFs.

• Lub A may be a good lubricant for most

severe deep drawing conditions. However,

Lubes B and C were relatively effective for

use in moderate deep drawing conditions.

Investigation of galling in forming galvanized advanced

high strength steels (AHSSs) using the twist compression

test (TCT)

Authors : Hyunok Kima, Jihyun Sunga, Frank E. Goodwinb and Taylan Altan.

Materials and method : Using materials DP500, 600, AKDQ and DDS to twist

compression test and FE to find the performance of different galvanize

coating and lubricant to find the galling effect.

test (TCT)

Conclusion

At 100 MPa, DP600 with Lub A showed moderate galling and 170 MPa Lub B

showed the best effectiveness in reduction galling.

Lub B showed less powdering (i.e. zinc coating and carbon residue) than Lub A

for most galvanized coatings, however AKDQ HDGA showed less powdering

with Lub A at 170MPa.

the maximum temperature at the tool – workpiece interface was not found to

be very severe to decrease the lubricant viscosity.

The galling cause to powdering and COF. It’s important to surface finish with

acceptable range to prevent any ploughing effect of the contact area.

Behavior of high strength structural

steel at elevated temperatures

Authors : J. Chen, B. Young and B. Uy

Materials and method : Using HSS ASTM A514 (DP 690) to find mechanical

properties (such as yield and ultimate tensile strength) by using tensile test

and varying temperature.

Behavior of high strength structural

steel at elevated temperaturesGraph and conclusion.

The temperature was cause to change mechanical properties of materials

from 400 C or higher with the exponential curve.

Influence of work material proof stress and tool steel

microstructure on galling initiation and critical contact

pressure

Authors : Patrik Karlsson n, PavelKrakhmalev, AndersGaard and JensBergstrom

Materials and method : Using stainless steel to specimen and used IC (ingot

cast) and PM (Powder metallurgy) to tool materials, and predict galling form

chemical position by proof stress and contact pressure. Experiment by pin on

disc and FEA to verify ( galling = P > Pf )

Influence of work material proof stress and tool steel

microstructure on galling initiation and critical contact

pressure

Graph and conclusions

If tests run at P > Pcr , galling was detected

within the selected distances, while for tests

run at P < Pcr , galling was not observed.

Springback prediction in sheet metal

forming of high strength steels

Authors : B. Chongthairungruang, V. Uthaisangsuk, S. Suranuntchai and

S.Jirathearanat

Materials and method : Using AHSS (JSC590R and JSC780Y) to find the springback by

U – shape bending test in FEM and find materials properties by tension and

compression cyclic test .

forming of high strength steels

forming of high strength steelsGraph and conclusions

The cyclic test was successfully performed for determining

materials parameters of the kinematic model. The pre-strains

between 9 and 11 percent.

The differences of stress distributions on the top and bottom

surface of the formed samples significantly affected the

sidewall curl, in particular the high strength steels. The AHS

steel exhibited very large range of the elastic strain recovery.

Thanks for attentions

References

Vitoon Uthaisangsuk.(2013). Role and Importance of Forming Technology of High Strength Steel (HSS) for Automotive Part

Making Industry. Guideline for forming Advance High strength Steels, December 2013.

Jens Hardell., Braham Prakash., and Elisabet Kassfeldt. Tribology of Hot Forming Tool and High Strength Steels. Lulea

University of technology.

Phaisin Jaitiang., and Dilok Sriprapai. The Study Springback of Advanced High Strength Steel Sheet after Warm and Hot

Forming.

Chandrasekharan, S., Palaniswamy, H., Jain, N., Ngaile, G., and Altan, T. (2005). Evaluation of stamping lubricants at various

temperature levels using the ironing test. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol.45(4-5), pp.379-388.

Kim, H., Altan, T., and Yan, Q. (2009). Evaluation of stamping lubricants in forming advanced high strength steels (AHSS) using

deep drawing and ironing tests. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.209(8), pp. 4122-4133.

Kim, H., Altan, T., and Yan, Q. (2007). Evaluation of stamping lubricants using deep drawing and ironing tests. International

Journal of Machine tools and manufracture, vol.47(8), pp. 2120-2132.

Kim, H., Altan, T., Sung, J., and E.Goodwin, F. (2008). Investigation of galling in forming galvanized advanced high strength

steels (AHSSs) using the twist compression test (TCT). Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.205(10), pp. 459-468.

Chen, J., Young, B., and Uy, B. (2006). Behavior of high strength structural steel at elevated temperatures. Journal of

Structural Engineering, vol.132(12), pp. 1948-1954.

Karlsson, P., Krankhmalev, P., Gaard, A., and Bergstorm, J. (2013). Influence of work material proof stress and tool steel

microstructure on galling initiation and critical contact pressure. Journal of Tribology International, vol.60(7), pp. 104-110.

Chongthairungruang, B., Uthaisangsuk, V., Suranuntchai, S., and Jirathearanat, S. (2013). Springback prediction in sheet metal

forming of high strength steels. Journal of Materials and design, vol.50(14), pp. 253-266.

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