Bio diversity

BIO DIVERSITY❑DEFINITION❑GENETIC BIODIVERSITY ❑SPECIES BIODIVERSITY❑ECOSYSTEM BIODIVERSITY❑ BIOGEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDIA ❑ VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY AT GLOBAL❑ THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC SPECIES OF INDIA ❑ CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY

BY AKSHAYA SAI.VCSE-A

DEFINITION:

◼ BIO DIVERSITY REFERS TO THE TOTALITY OF SPECIES POPULATION,COMMUNITIES,ECOSYSTEM,BOTH WILD AND DOMESTIC THAT CONSTITUTE LIFE.

◼BIO=LIFE◼DIVERSITY=VARIETY OR VARIABILITY

CLASSIFICATION :

◼ BIODIVERSITY MAINLY DEPENDS ON THREE CATEGORIES:

◼ GENETIC DIVERSITY

◼ SPECIES DIVERSITY

◼ ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY

GENETIC DIVERSITY:

◼ VARIATION OF GENES WITHIN SPECIES◼ Eg VARIATION IN EYE COLOUR, SKIN COLOUR,

HAIR, HEIGHT, WEIGHT etc

SPECIES DIVERSITY:

◼ VARIOUS RANGE OF SPECIES THAT EXIST ON EARTH

◼ Eg BACTERIA, ALGAE, PROTOZOA etc

ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY:

◼DEFINITION:◼ DIFFERENCE IN

ECOSYSTEM◼ DIFFERENCE IN

HABITAT◼ DIVERSITY IN

FOOD CHAIN◼ DIVERSITY IN

PHYSICAL NATURE

◼CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM:

◼ FOREST◼ GRASSLAND◼ DESERT◼ AQUATIC◼ POLAR

FOREST ECOSYSTEM

GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM:

DESERT ECOSYSTEM:

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM:

POLAR ECOSYSTEM:

BIO GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF INDIA:

◼Trans-Himalayas◼Himalayas◼ Indian desert◼Semi-Arid ◼Western Ghats◼Deccan

Peninsula◼Gangetic Plain◼Coast◼ Islands

VALUE OF BIO DIVERSITY:

◼ CONSUMPTIVE USE:◼ Use of animals ,plants ,for the purpose of

food◼ ANIMALS:◼ Animals mainly used for consumption are:

◼ FISH:◼ It has become a

new kind of domesticated animal

◼ PLANTS:◼ Out of 150 species

of edible plants only 15 are most commonly cultivated

PRODUCTIVE USE:

PESTICIDE:The calabar beans are used as pesticide to kill insects

MATERIAL:PyrethrumUsed in mosquito coils and lice killing shampoo

MEDICINE:Neem used in anti bacterial and anti fungal creams, soaps ,shampoo etc.

ENDEMIC SPECIES:

◼ UNIQUE SPECIES PRESENT IN SPECIFIC REGION

NILGIRI LEAF MONKEY NILIGIRI TAHR

FOREST OWLET

BROAD TAIL GRASSBIRD BROWN PALM CIVET

THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY:

◼Various threats to biodiversity are:◼ Habitat Degradation-Destroying natural habit

,deforestation destroys the ecosystem ◼Invasion of non-native species-The

extinction of endemic species by other non native species◼Pollution-Pollution makes the habitat unfit for

living◼Over-exploitation of resource-Over

harvesting , fishing, hunting , logging leads to endangered species◼Global environmental change-Change in

weather, Global warming ,floods, drought, ice storms

ENDANGERED SPECIES:

◼ GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES FOR EXTINCTION

SLENDER LORIS RED PANDA

BENGAL TIGER

LION TAILED MACAQUE BLACK BUCK

EXTINCT SPECIES:

◼ The species whose existence is wiped out of the earth

KENYA ORBI DODO BIRD

MAMMOTH

BARBARY LION GREAT AUK

CONSERVATION OF BIO DIVERSITY:

◼ PROJECT TIGER:◼ ANIMAL RESERVES TO MAINTAIN NATURAL

ECOSYSTEM◼ INCREASE THE COUNT OF TIGER◼ ENFORCING ANTI POACHING MEASURES◼ PROJECT ELEPHANT:◼ PROTECTED AREA FOR FREE MOVEMENT OF

HERDS◼ ESTABLISHING BREEDING CENTRES◼ REPOSITORIES TO CONSERVE THE

PRODUCERS◼ MAINTAING THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF

FLORA AND FAUNA◼ AWARENESS OF FOOD CHAIN