Ibrahim, Kamarulazizi and Ng, Theam Foo, Track 5

Energy consumption in student hostels of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) :Energy audit and energy efficiency awareness

Kamarulazizi Ibrahim; Theam Foo Ng ; Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad Shabudin;

Mohd Sayuti Hassan; Marlinah MuslimCentre for Global Sustainability Studies

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang

Introduction and backgroundMethodologyResult and discussionWay Forward Conclusion

Outline

• Consumption of domestic electricity worldwide is growing.

• Daily consumption in USM main campus > US$ 4882.99 !• The total population of USM residents is 29,389

consists of all students and staff.• Area of USM (main campus) is 416.6 hectare.

This research assist to:understand more about the level of energy

consumption.understand the awareness level of student on

energy conservation.

.Introduction and background

Methodology

Mix-quantitative

Detailed lamp audit

Total energy consumption

Energy consumption for lighting

Preliminary audits

Saujana(S)

Tekun(T)

Restu(R)

Indah Kembara

(IK)

Aman Damai(AD)

Bakti Permai

(BP)

Fajar Harapan

(FH)

Cahaya Gemilang

(CG)

Study Location

1.Total energy consumption of each hostel buildings

Facility and Utility Data Analysis - 7 months utility bills ( January - July 2015) - Rate of monthly energy consumption (kWh) = Rate of monthly energy consumption (US$) / 0.055*

* Electrical tariff for university is US$0.055/kWh based on TNB (National Grid) Electricity Tariff C2.

2. Energy consumption for lighting in each hostel and the level of student engagement in sustainable energy consumption practices

Field questionnaires- 173 respondents ( student population)- Using Close-Ended Question (Yes/ No)

Walk through survey- evaluate electrical use of each hostel- determined occupancy estimates based on room numbers,

types and quantity of lamp used in each hostel room, lamp usage in voltages and also electricity wastage

- Energy used in a hostel per day 1

- Total energy used in USM hostels daily 1AssumptionsEach student in hostel room uses only one long and short fluorescent tubes except for the hostels Fajar Harapan, Restu,

Saujana and Tekun where each student shares one long fluorescent tube. Due to this sharing, a weightage of 0.5 was assigned during the calculation of the energy usage for a fair comparison.

All rooms in the hostels are fully occupied by students.Power that consumed by long and short fluorescent tubes are 36W and 18W, respectively.

Results&

Discussion

Figure 1 Energy consumption of USM hostels from January to July 2015

• Four hostels (R, S, T and BP) > other hostels (IK, AD, FH and CG) • 3 categories FACTORS: natural (e.g. occupant number, elevator usage,

lifestyle (e.g. usage of prohibited electronic appliances, usage habits of the residents) hostel rules enforcement (poor imposition of penalty).

Jan Feb March April May June July0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

Aman Damai Bakti Permai Cahaya Gemilang Fajar Harapan

Indah Kembara Restu Saujana Tekun

Month

Energy con-sumption (RM)

Total energy consumption in each hostel buildings

Aman Damai

Bakti Permai

Cahaya Gemilang

Fajar Harapan

Indah Kembara

Restu Saujana Tekun0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

274 334 321 194

8171033

796 722

321645

686

903

1792

1033

Male Female

Num

ber

of r

esid

ents

Figure 2 Total numbers of residents in USM hostels

• T highest - use of elevators. - supplied to residential buildings - supplied to non-residential buildings( foyer, flyover & guard house).

• FH was not equipped with energy consuming facilities like elevator.

Figure 3 Average energy consumption rates in each hostel in a month

1. Tekun (T) - US$7966.50 5. Indah Kembara (IK) - US$3135.822. Saujana (S) - US$5843.31 6. Aman Damai (AD) - US$2757.803. Bakti Permai (BP) - US$5831.07 7. Cahaya Gemilang (CG) - US$2143.054. Restu (R) - US$5470.11 8. Fajar Harapan (FH) - US$1471.77

Aman DamaiBakti Permai

Cahaya Gemilang

Fajar HarapanIndah Kembara

Restu SaujanaTekun

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Energy con-sumption

(RM)

HostelTotal

number of residents

kWh

AD 1168 441.2BP 839 422.71T 2066 557.45R 2066 575.29S 1864 394.23IK 916 382.85FH 600 144.62CG 1119 396.40

Total energy consumption 3314.75

Table 1 Total daily energy consumption of each hostel

Aman Damai

Bakti Permai

Cahaya Gemilang

Fajar Harapan

Indah Kembara

Restu SaujanaTekun

0

5

10

15

20

25

Electricity con-sumption (RM)

Figure 4 Electricity consumption rate of each resident in each hostel in a month

1. BP : US$5.522. T : US$3.863. IK : US$3.564. CG : US$3.34 5. S : US$3.266. R : US$3.187. AD : US$2.588. FH : US$2.28

Hostel Number of respondents

Restu 21Saujana 20Tekun 21

Indah Kembara 23Aman Damai 30Fajar Harapan 16Bakti Permai 21

Cahaya Gemilang 21Total 173

Table 2 Distribution of respondents according to hostels

Figure 5 :Total number of 173 respondents participated

Energy consumption for lighting in each hostel and level of student engagement in sustainable energy consumption practices

Duration of lights usage (hours)

Number of respondents

1-4 244-8 84

8-12 3912 and above 26

Total 173

Table 3 Duration of lights usageNumber of respondents

Figure 6 Number of respondents switching off light when leaving room & switching on light in daytime

Duration (hours)

Number of respondents

AD BP T R S IK FH CG

1-4 7 2 4 4 3 0 5 04-8 11 5 7 7 15 14 5 18

8-12 9 3 7 5 2 7 4 312 and above 3 11 3 5 0 2 2 0

Table 4 Duration of lights switched on at each hostel

Number of respondents

Figure 7 Awareness on the Earth Hour campaign among respondents

Awareness Figure 8 Number of respondents participated in the Earth Hour campaign among 152

respondents who were aware of it

Way forward

Earth Hour

LED Motion Sensor Light

Light Emitting Diode (LED) As Replacement for Fluorescent Lamp

Electricity Wastage

Conclusion

Most of the energy expenditures and consumptions on hostel campuses in higher education occur within buildings for heating, cooling and lighting.

the level of student engagement in sustainable energy consumption practices was still moderate.

The students’ behaviour can have significant impacts on energy conservation and energy efficiency.

Kamarulazizi Ibrahim, PhD

Centre for Global Sustainability Studies

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

E-mail: kamarul@usm.my

Thank you & Terima kasih