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Francisco PerezNational Director
University of Illinois at ChicagoSchool of Public Health
September 16, 2015
In many US cities,
HOMICIDE is the LEADING CAUSE OF
DEATH
MoralismBad people
SCIENCE
HEALTH PROBLEM & SOLUTION
Violence is Contagious
Health Approach
1. Violence behaves like a contagious disease (epidemic)
2. Treating violence like an epidemic gets results in communities
The
Contagionof
Violence
VIOLENCE
Epidemic waves
Clustering
Transmission
AS A CONTAGION
Population characteristics
Violence Has Characteristics of Epidemics
1. Violence clusters - like a disease
Cholera Violence
2. Violence spreads - like a disease
Influenza
Violence
3. Violence is transmitted - through exposure, modeling,social learning, and norms.
Ruiz- Moreno, 2009
Cholera in Bangladesh, 1983-2003
Violence in Chicago, 2010
Adapted by Cure Violence from CPD, 2010
Source: Mullins et al. 2004; Devries et al. 2011
TRANSMISSIONOF VIOLENCE
Exposure toViolence
Violence
Transmissionacross syndromes community family spousal
childsuicide
VIOLENCE TRANSMISSION
ObservingWitnessing
Trauma
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
WE KNOW HOW TO
STOP EPIDEMICS
1. Interrupting transmission2. Preventing future spread
3. Changing group norms
STOP EPIDEMICS by:1. Interrupting transmission
Identify and interrupt conflict
DETECTION & INTERRUPTION
Mapping High Risk Zones 22
Credible Messengers
Hospital-Focused Interrupters
STOP EPIDEMICS by:1. Interrupting transmission
2. Preventing future transmission
qsw
CHANGE BEHAVIOR of highest risk Photograph by Ed
Kashi
Photograph by Ed Kashi
CHANGE BEHAVIOR
CHANGE BEHAVIOR
STOP EPIDEMICS by:1. Interrupting transmission
2. Preventing future transmission
3. Changing norms
Photograph by Ed Kashi
CHANGE NORMS
CHANGE NORMS
CHANGE NORMS
OAKLANDKANSAS CITY
NEW ORLEANS
EAST ST. LOUIS
BALTIMORE
CHICAGOPHILADELPHIAROCKFORD
MAYWOODNORTH CHICAGO
ALBANY
YONKERS
CURE VIOLENCE NATIONAL ADAPTATION PARTNERSMarch 2015
NEW YORK CITY
SPRINGFIELD
BUFFALO
ROCHESTERSYRACUSE
SAN ANTONIO
WILMINGTON
CAMDEN
Loiza, PRADAPTATION PARTNERSNEW ADAPTATION PARTNERS
MT VERNON
CICERO
TROY
HEMPSTEAD
POTENTIAL PARTNERSPOTENTIAL HEALTH APPROACH PARTNERS
ST. LOUIS
MIAMI
SAN FRANCISCORICHMOND
LOS ANGELES
SEATTLE
MILWAUKEEMINNEAPOLIS
DURHAM
TALLAHASSEE
DETECT AND INTERRUPT
POTENTIALLY VIOLENT
CONFLICTS
TREAT THOSE AT HIGHEST
RISK FOR INVOLVEMENT IN VIOLENCE
GROUP AND COMMUNITY
NORM CHANGE
DATA AND
MONITORING
TRAINING AND TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE
Core Components
Implementing Components
Implementation
The Right…• Community• Lead Agency & Implementing Organization(s)• Partners
•Approach Workers with the Right skills & Right
credibility/suitability Data Analyses Participants Messages and Messengers
Critical Elements of the Model
The Right: Community
The Right: Lead Agency & Implementing Organization(s)
Lead Agency • Frequently Health Department• Roles & Responsibilities
Implementing Organizations• Mission consistent with the model• Strong ties to the target community• History of working with highest-risk individuals• Supportive of a non-traditional approach to
violence reduction
The Right: Partners• Law Enforcement
• Hospitals
• Faith Community
• Service Providers Education
Job Readiness
Employment
Substance Abuse
Mental Health
Housing
The Right Staff with the Right Skills
MUST BE:• Able to relate to
highest risk• Credible• Suitable • Connected to target
community• Street-smart • Professional
The Right: Approach
The Right: Approach
• Continuous Data Analyseso Hot Spotso Hours (incidents vs. operation)o Groupso Incident Reviewo Mapping
• Working with the Right Participantso Highest Risk
• Right Messages & Messengers
INDEPENDENTEVALUATIONS
arrows
41% - 73%
ChicagoShootings
andKillings
-56%BaltimoreKillings
-20%
New York City
Shootings
“Cure Violence….the approach that will come to prominence.”
- The Economist
Thank you!Cure Violence
@CureViolence fperez@uic.edu
For More Information Visit:www.cureviolence.org
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