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Economic Development ForumAmman JordanMarch 18, 2017
Draft Presentation Do Not Quote Without Author’s Permission
Regional Economic Blocks, Regional Public Goods and Development
Louis W. GoodmanSchool of International Service
American UniversityWashington, DC 20016
An examination of a world increasingly defined by disorder and a United States unable to shape the world in its image, from the president of the Council on Foreign Relations
The Old Monroe Doctrine The New Monroe Doctrine Coercion Attraction
The Monroe Doctrine means… that we would oppose a foreign power extending its power to the
Western Hemisphere (JFK 1962)
Soft power is the ability of a country to structure situations so that other countries develop preferences
consistent with its own (Joseph Nye 1990)
A dynasty can be founded and established only with the help of asabiya [group feeling]. Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah
Public Goods – Definition Examples• Public goods are “…(goods) which all enjoy in common (non-
excludable) in the sense that each individual’s consumption of such a good leads to no subtractions from any other individual’s consumption of that good (non-rivalrous).” Paul A. Samuelson (1954:387–389) "The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure” Review of Economics and Statistics. 36 (4): 387–389.
• Public goods include fresh air, knowledge, official statistics, trading systems, national security, common language(s), flood control systems, lighthouses, and street lighting.
Providers of Public Goods• Multilaterals• Great Powers• Regions*• Nations• Cities• Private entities
Regional Public Goods (RPGs): Key Questions 1. Do different providers produce different types of public goods –
especially global vs. regional providers.2. What is a region? Why do regions matter in the provisions of public
goods?3. To what extent do specific regions produce public goods – or intend to?4. Are the processes and sequences the same or different across regions
and time periods?5. What are the processes and sequences among different functional
areas in the provision of RPGs?
21st Century Cooperation: Regional Public Goods, Global Governance and Sustainable Development, Antoni Estevadeordal & Louis W. Goodman (eds.), Routledge: Spring 2017 (open access).
A Regional Public Goods Data Base• An empirical database permitting the quantification of nation states’
cooperation in public goods creation.• Based on all (33,485) unique treaties agreed to by 186 distinct countries
between 1945 and 2015 registered with 4 international organizations and coded according to 6 functional categories.
• Permits the estimation of which groups of countries are actually making efforts to create RPGs
• Permits estimation of the effectiveness of specific regions or regional organizations facilitating the production of public goods.
• Permits estimation of production of public goods in specific functional areas and in specific time periods
Data Sources: international agreements between/among states and international organizations signed between 1945 & 2015
Bilateral Agreements Regional Multilateral Agreements
United Nations Treaty Collection
United Nations Treaty Collection
Treaty Secretariat of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Trade Organization
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)
Methodology
Six main public goods functions
Functions Examples
1-Natural Resources & Environment Energy, environmental protection
2-Economic Cooperation & Integration Trade, taxation, customs regulation
3-Human & Social Development Education, culture, science, health
4-Governance & Institutions General cooperation, legal issues
5-Peace & Security Military alliance, crime control
6-Connectivity Transportation network, visa, infrastructure
A system of six functional categories.Each international agreement is classified under one function.This measures the frequency/number of RPGs that national governments intend to create within a given period.
Elements in the RPG Database Database Name
Bilateral
Multilateral
UN
23,969
6,086
WIPO
452
WTO
118
427
UNCTAD
2,433
Total observations: 60,457= 53,944 (bilateral) + 6,513 (multilateral)Total unique agreements (no country pairs): 33,485= 26,972 (bilateral) + 6,513 (multilateral)
LAC vs MENAT:Number of Treaties Concluded through 1990
Source: IDB/RPG Database (in construction)
1. Natural Resources and Environment
2. Economic Cooper-ation and Integration
3. Human and Social Development
4. Governance and Institutions
5. Peace and Security 6. Connectivity0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
MENAT LAC
LAC vs MENAT:Number of Treaties Concluded through 2015
Source: IDB/RPG Database (in construction
1. Natural Resources and Environment
2. Economic Cooper-ation and Integration
3. Human and Social Development
4. Governance and Institutions
5. Peace and Security 6. Connectivity0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
MENAT LAC
Latin America and the Caribbean:Number of Intra- and Extra-Regional Treaties, 1990
Source: IDB/RPG Database (in construction.
Source: IDB/RPG Database (in construction.
Latin America and the Caribbean:Number of Intra- and Extra-Regional Treaties, 2015
Middle East and North Africa:Number of Intra- and Extra-Regional Treaties, 1990
Note: Includes Turkey.Source: Source: IDB/RPG Database (in construction.
Middle East and North Africa:Number of Intra- and Extra-Regional Treaties, 2015
Note: Includes Turkey.Source: Source: IDB/RPG Database (in construction
Network of Cooperation: LAC
Network of Cooperation: MENAT
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