Brain studies unit one

* Eh---yeahwonderful worldbeautiful people.You and your girl things could be pretty.But underneath this there is a secret.That nobody can repeat.

Take a lookat the world

and the state that it's in today

I am sure you'll agree.We all could make it a better way.With our love put together.Everybody learn to love each other.Instead of fussing and fighting

cheating but bitingscandalising and hating.Baby we could have a…

.

* Talkin' 'bout the wonderful worldbeautiful people.you and your girl things could be pretty.But underneath this there is a secret.That nobody can repeat.

Man and womangirl and boy.Let us try to give a helping hand.This is know and I'm sure.That the love we all could understand.This is our world

can't you see ?Everybody wants to live and be free.Instead of fussing and fighting

cheating but bitingscandalising and hating

*Why the Jimmy Cliff Song?

*S.L.A.N.T.

*Georgi Lozanov

*Best learning behaviors

*Watched students in High school

*S.L.A.N.T.

*Sit up

*Lean in

*Ask ?

*Nod

*talk

*Name Game Quiz

*Were you a positive person?

*According to the short article,why would you want to be?

*Is it really about being positive? Or

is it something else?

*So are you an optimist?

* Martin Seligman, one of the fathers of positive psychology. Author of many books including authentic happiness and learned optimism.

*Optimists, more than just a state of mind… it is a state

of “being!”

*Optimism is partially defined by how you react to setbacks

*Setbacks are any negative event or perception in your life.

*All kinds of setbacks, social, personal, physical, environmental, family, etc.

1.Setbacks are personal (my fault)

2.Setbacks are permanent ( I can’t do anything about them.

3.Setbacks are pervasive (they will undermine all my tasks and endeavors)

* Three P’s of pessimistic thought regarding setbacks

*Benefits from being a positive

person

*Faster recovery from setbacks that do occur.

*Less stress and associated stress related illnesses, including depression. (significantly less clinical depression.)

*Stronger immune system.

*Closer to friends, family, people want to be around you.

*increased longevity.

*Feelings of being in control, less anxiety.

*More success in business, especially sales.

*Better brain chemistry: endorphins

*Joe Jackson: Another World

* I was so low

* People almost made me give up trying

*Always said no

* The I turned around saw someone smiling

* I stepped into

* I stepped into

* Into another

* Into another

* I stepped into

* I stepped into

* Into another

* Into another world

*There was no light

* I was going to all the wrong places

* Like day from night

*Suddenly I saw a thousand faces

* I stepped into

* I stepped into

* Into another

* Into another

* I stepped into

* I stepped into

* Into another

* Into another world

* Joe Jackson prolific English Singer/Songwriter, Is she

really going out with him?

*So were you an optimist?

*Why or why not?

*Does it matter?

*Different from being a positive person.

*My results

*What’s a pessimist supposed to do?

*Remember the 3 P’s of pessimistic thought?

*Locus of Control

*Another perception that may help explain your optimist test score.

*Easy to take and score.

*When finished please answer the following questions in your journal on a new page.

*Answer these questions in your journal on a new

page labeled: Locus of Control.

*What does it mean to have a low locus of control score?

*What does it mean to be a high scorer?

*How might a person’s locus of control change over their development from child to adult? Why?

*Why would Seligman argue that it is easier to be an optimist if you are a low scorer?

*Could you make the opposite argument?

The basic unit of the nervous system:

The Neuron.

Click icon to add picture

*So what does a neuron look like?

*Neurons send messages

*Neurons communicate through both chemical and electrical signals.

*Electrical (ion exchange) through the neuron

*Chemical (neurotransmitters) between the neurons or other cells.

*Neurons communicate with

*Other neurons

*Glands

*Muscles

* Give a Little Bit by ?

*Give a little bitGive a little bit of your love to meI'll give a little bitI'll give a little bit of my love to youThere's so much that we need to shareSo send a smile and show you careI'll give a little bitI'll give a little bit of my life for youSo give a little bitGive a little bit of your time to meSee the man with the lonely eyesOh take his hand, you'll be surprisedGive a little bitGive a little bit of your love to meGive a little bitI'll give a little bit of my life for youNow's the time that we need to shareSo find yourself, we're on our way back home

*Give a Little Bit cont.

*Going homeDon't you need, don't you need to feel at home?Oh yeah, we gotta see

Ooh, yeah gotta get a feelingOoh, yeah come along too

Come-a come-a come-a come along

Ooh, yeah come along too

Come along tooWhat a long nightCome a long wayOoh, yeah sing it tonight

*Doing things for others makes us feel good, why?

*Give a little bit of yourself.

*We are social primates, we live in communities

*Our brains are wired to help others.

*When we do something for someone else we feel good as the neurotransmitters of pleasure and comfort are released. These neurotransmitters include endorphins and dopamine.

*Random acts of Kindness

*Glial Cells

*Oligodendrocytes make myelin

*What makes a neruon dynamic?

*Hint: There are going to be some changes made.

*What does a neuron look like?

*How can a neuron change?

*What do the changes allow for neurons to do?

*Trees make forests neurons

do too.

*Neurons work together to form perceptions

*Neurons connect with each other and make networks of “experience.”

*Neurons form the complex nervous system

* Neurons form nerves and together make up the nervous system

*Nervous system consists of two main parts

*Central nervous system: The Brain and Spinal cord (center of the body) used for transport of information (spinal cord/super highway) and all processing of sensory information (the brain.)

*Peripheral nervous system: The sensory and motor nerves that receive and respond to signals from the environment and the brain.

*The central nervous system

* The peripheral nervous system. What does

peripheral mean?

*The peripheral nervous system contains two parts:

*Sensory neurons: specialized neurons (cells) that detect wave energy or molecules: these include the five senses and their combinations.

*Motor neurons: These are designed to move muscles or stimulate glands.

* Sensory nerves collect information from our environment. Often perceptions are based on combinations of these senses overlapping, creating new senses sometimes called sensory submodalities.

*Motor neurons move our body and our organs. What do motors do?

*Motor neurons can be broken down into two sections:

*Somatic

*autonomic

* Somatic neurons are voluntary neurons: they say “SO!” they allow us to scratch where it itches.

* Autonomic neurons work automatically with no conscious thought. It is broken down into two parts, sympathetic and parasympathetic.

*Sympathetic nervous system turns on the flight

fight response

* Parasympathetic response turns off the fight/flight response

*Beautiful World by Colin Hay

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xe3RqgnXaT4

*What do you see?

*Studying for an exam or Quiz

*How do you study?

*When studying it is important to increase focus and ramp up participation with the material.

*Consider what you know vs. what you think the instructor will want you to know.

*How could the information be tested?

*Predict what types of questions the instructor might ask.

*Green/Gold partners

*Green team, write three questions in your journal that you think might be possible for the reference sections covered in pages 1-5 in your book of readings.

*Gold, you do the same for pages 6-12.

*Do not use the exact questions found in the book.

*I will write some questions for reflexes, pages 14 & 15.

*Possible reflex questions

* True or False, The central nervous system is not needed for a reflex action to occur.

*How many neurons are required to have a reflex action?

*What is the purpose of having reflexes work the way they do?

*Reflexes protect our body from harm by acting quickly without thought or the brain.

* 3 neurons are needed for a reflex to happen: sensory neuron, relay neuron, and motor neuron. They do not require conscious thought.

*Senses pick up wave and chemical energy from the

environment.

*Perception is our interpretation of

sensory information.

*Illusion: a misperception of

sensory information

*Today we will examine 4

categories of illusions.

*Illusions can be caused by the influence of prior experiences and expectations.

*They can also be caused by the limitations of our nervous system.

*Point of focus

*This illusion category is created by where our sensory attention is placed or focused.

*It is based on our prior experiences and expectations.

*Examples.

*Context Illusions

*This illusion category is caused by the influence of our surroundings.

*It also is based on prior experiences and knowledge.

*Examples:

*Wave energy

*This illusion is caused by the limitations of our nervous system and the physics of wave energy.

*Waves can be bent, consider the types of wave energy we experience?

*Sound and light waves can create illusions and a variety of perceptions.

*Examples:

*Habituation

*This illusion is also caused by a limitation of the nervous system, specifically the neuron itself.

*Repeated firing of the same neuron can cause neuron fatigue. (the neuron becomes tired) this results in a misperception of sensory information. All of our senses can become fatigued.

*Examples:

*Off to Hawaii

*Our musical tour around the world leads us to Hawaii.

*Listen to the following music from IZ and consider what illusion is musically occurring in the song. Can you put it into one of the 4 categories?

*Why did you choose this category? Explain.

*Israel “IZ” Kamakawiwo’ole

*Review of Illusions

*Can you recall the four categories of illusions and their causes?

*Which two are caused by misperceptions based on prior experiences/learned expectations?

*Which one is caused by neuron fatigue?

*Day 7 of Brain studies

*Habituation of sensory

information

*Today we will explore habituation in depth.

*New page in journal, titled: Habituation

*Record observations for each station. Separate each observation station with space in your journal.

*So did you become

habituated?

*Do we only have 5 senses?

*This lab demonstrates sensory submodalities.

*How?

*Consider the sense of touch. Think of all of the sub senses surrounding our sense of touch.

*Temperature, texture, pressure, pain.

*Senses also work together to form perceptions of our environment. Example taste and smell.

*Music: How Does a Duck Know?

By Crash Test Dummies

* How does a duck know what direction south is?And how to tell his wife from all the other ducks?You can cut a chicken's head offand it will keep on running and twitching

[CHORUS]When everything seems planned outwhen everything seems nicely planned outwell the human race will come and smack your face

How come all my body parts so nicely fit together?All my organs doing their jobs, no help from me!A person pulls a spider's leg outTo watch it keep on moving and twitching.

When everything seems planned outwhen everything seems nicely planned outwell the human race will come and smack your face

Satan lives here: on grain and earth, rain and air.

How come I just smoke and smoke and smoke and curse every butt I spit out?All night long I grind my teeth and I wake up when I coughYou can put me in and iron lungand I will keep on breathing and twitching.

*Extra credit opportunity

*Not taken in journal!!!!!!!!!!!

*Separate piece of paper to hand in next class.

*Research Mike the Chicken. Internet search not wikipedia. Need 1st page hard copy of site researched or no extra credit given.

*Three ?’s answered on paper typed or handwritten

*Who was he?

*Why is he famous?

*What specifically do we learn about the brain from Mike?

*3 extra points possible/one day only.

*Over 500 million years ago, organisms with a

spinal cord evolve a brain

* Their brains were very simple swellings from the spinal cord and consisted

primarily of a brain stem, along with poorly developed other regions.

*The Brain Stem

*There are 3 main parts to the brain stem Do you remember

them?

*Medulla:

*does the “dull stuff” it regulates heart beat, breathing and digestion. If the medulla becomes too intoxicated (drunk) you can die!

*The pons:

*are a relay system for the rest of the brain. *(Pass On Nerve Signals ~ get it? PONS)

*The midbrain:

*found at the top of the brain stem (approximately the middle of the brain.) It performs our auditory and visual reflexes- remember our discussion of reflexes doesn’t really involve the brain. ~Ears and eyes can blink.

*Eye reflexes

*Cerebellum: Do you recall its location and primary

functions?

* It also allows us to think smoothly and change our minds. It coordinates that little voice in our heads

*You lose your coordination when your

“Bell” gets rung.

* The next part of our brain to evolve was the limbic system sometimes

referred to as one of the following: the emotional brain, old mammal

brain, and love brain.

*The limbic system has 5 distinct parts, can you name

all 5?

*Hypothalamus:

*Pituitary gland:

*Amygdala:

*Hippocampus

*Thalamus

*Hypothalamus:

*What does this structure do for us?

*Maintains homeostasis.

*(I feel good when I stay at home)

*Keeps body in balance with regard to feedback from things such as temperature and water content.

*Pituitary gland:

*What do glands do?

*secretes hormones (chemicals that are produced in one part of the body that impact another part of the body) like growth hormones, or ADH.

*The pituitary works in conjunction with the hypothalamus to maintain (homeostasis) a balanced state in our body.

*Example ADH (anti diuretic hormone)

*Amygdala:

*What does this gland do?

*controls emotions especially fear and rage.

*Greek/Latin almond.

*Also associated with the formation of memory of emotional events.

*“Amy got da guy mad.”

*Thalamus

*What does this organ do?

*Thalamus “throws the signals around.”

*Relays sensory and motor information into connections with the cerebrum.

*This allows us to further process sensory and motor information

*Hippocampus

*What does this organ of the limbic system do?

*You never forget when the hippo camps with us.

*Early memory formation, consolidation of short term to long term memory.

*Latin for sea-horse

*Day 8

*When you call upon the heart by Tom

Falkner

* And when it seems your darkest night won't turn your day into light just hold on... you be strong About that thorn that's in your side, that constant threat of compromise just hold on... you be strong cause decisions you make, they count for life don't be fooled by their illusion every choice you make's a sacrifice don't get caught in the confusion

* Chorus: when you call upon the heart, 

* it hears every word you say when you call upon the heart, the answer's just a heartbeat away

*How do I know from what I speak? so many times my heart did bleed but I held on.... you be strong When the winds of fate did blow me down I'd get back up and stand my ground I held on... so you be strong

*All the lessons you've learned, they last for life don't be fooled by their illusion In the midst of night there's still a Light don't get caught in the confusion.

* (cool slide guitar riff)

*Who was Mike the Chicken?

*What does he have to do with our study of the brain?

*What is this part of the brain called?

*The cerebrum is divided into two parts, are they

connected to each other?

*The two hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum.

*The cerebrum has many folds or

convolutions also called Sulci.

What is the purpose of these folds?

*The more convolutions the more complex the

organism.

* The cerebrum contains the cortex (the outer layer of the brain) where

most of our neurons exist. Often called “grey matter.” This is our

neural forest of networks of knowledge and experience.

*The cerebrum has different sections that do different jobs,

called lobes

*The occipital lobe is the visual part of the brain that interprets our visual world. Sight.

*The parietal lobe helps us make sense of what is going on in our world and the body sensations we experience.

*The motor cortex moves the various parts of our body.

*The temporal lobe interprets sounds and language.

*The frontal lobe does our planning and problem solving.

*The first evolution of the brain is the making of our

brains over 500+ million years

* The second evolution is the personal evolution of the brain is your evolution with your life experiences and environment.