Chickpea -minimum seed stndrds

“WELCOME”

MINIMUM CERTIFICATION STANDARDS OF

CHICKPEABY,

BHAVYASREE R K

About the crop....

–Second Most cultivated food legume after common bean– also known as gram/ Bengal

gram/ garbanzo bean/Egyption pea/channa–one of the earliest cultivated

legumes– ORIGIN-Middle East.

Types

DESI•Desi =means country/local•Also called kala chana•Contain higher fibre•low glycemic index•Chana dal is produced from this•80% of chickpea cultivated in india

KABULI•Widely grown throughout mediterranean and indian subcontinent•Large size grain•20% of chickpea grown in india

CERI NERI•Uncommon black chickpea•Grown only in puglia, Italy•Larger and blacker than desi chickpea

Uses PROTEIN

DIETARYFIBRE

MINERALS

UNSATURATED

FATTY

ACIDS

BETA CAROTENE

ATMOSPERIC

N2 FIXATION

Nutrient status

• Protein- 21.1%• Carbohydrates-61.5%• Fat-4.5%• Rich in calcium, iron, niacin,

manganese, folate• Rich in dietary fibre• Seed coat contain antioxidants

Production scenario...

WORLD–Area-13.5 mha–Production-13.1 mt

• Major producing countries– India–Australia–Pakisthan–Turkey–burma

Production scenario...INDIA

–About 76% of world acerage in India–Occupies 38% area under pulse and 50%

total pulse production in india–AREA: 9.6 mha–PRODUCTION: 8.8 mt–PRODUCTIVITY: 858 kg/ha

• Major producing countries–Madhya pradesh,Maharashtra,

Uttarpradesh,Rajasthan

PUNJAB–AREA: 2000 ha–PRODUCTION: 2800tonnes–PRODUCTIVITY: 1413 kg/ha

• Major varieties recommended Desi gram : PBG -7, PBG-5, GPF-2,

PBG-1, PDG 4, PDG 3Kabuli gram : L 552, BG 1053, L 550

Production scenario...

BOTANY• SCIENTIFIC

NAME :Cicer arietinum

• FAMILY :Fabaceae

• POLLINATION : self pollination

• CHROMOSOME NO: 2n=16

FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS•Bisexual•Papilionaceous •10 stamens: (9)+1•Superior ovary with marginal placentation

BREEDING TECHNIQUES

• EMASCULATION & POLLINATION:– Self pollinated crop :1.58% cross pollination– The emasculation 1 day before pollination– Pollination done at morning hours

BREEDING OBJECTIVES1. For higher yield 2. For better adaptation3. for resistance to biotic stress4. For resistance to abiotic stress5. Identification of stable form of male sterility

SEED PRODUCTION

• STAGES OF SEED PRODUCTION

• REQUIREMENTS FOR SEED PRODUCTION– Field standards– Seed standards

NUCLEUS

BREEDE

R

FOUNDATION

CERTIFIED

Field standards

•Preceding crop• Isolation• Field inspections• Specific seed crop standards

Preceding crop and plot requirements

• Field free from – Volunteer plants– Disease contamination

SPACE• Fields of other varieties – 10 m (foundation),5m (certified)

• Fields of the same variety not conforming to varietal purity requirements for certification – 10 m (foundation),5m (certified)

Isolation

Types of isolations:SpaceTimeBarrier

• Inspection – At the time of sowing– During pre flowering /vegetative stage– During flowering– Post flowering and pre harvest stage– Harvest time

• Minimum 2 from the time ,crop approaches to flowering till harvesting.

Field inspections

Contaminants observed during inspection

• Off types–0.10% for foundation–0.20% for certified

• Weed plants–Main weeds railway creeper, nut sedge,

wild oats, phalaris minor

Weeds

Railway creeper Wild oats

Nut sedge

• Diseased plants– Aschochyta blight– Botrytis grey mould– Fusarium wilt– Root rot

• Permissible limit– 0.1% :foundation– 0.2% :certified

Contaminants observed during inspection

Seed standards• Germination percentage• Pure seed (minimum)• Inert matter (maximum)• Other crop seeds (maximum)• Other distinguishable varieties

(maximum)•Moisture (maximum)

• Minimum germination % including hard seed – Foundation : 85%– Certified : 85%

Germination %

• Foundation : 98%• Certified : 98%

Pure seed (minimum)

• Foundation : 2%• Certified : 2%

Inert matter (maximum)

• Foundation : None• Certified : 5/kg

Other crop seeds

Other distinguishable varieties (maximum)

• Foundation : 5/kg• Certified : 10/kg

• Foundation : 9%• Certified : 9%

Moisture (maximum)

Summary

REFERENCE • SEED TECHNOLOGY : Rattan Lal Agrawal• INDIAN MINIMUM SEED CERTIFICATION STANDARDS :The Central Seed

Certification Board Department of Agriculture & Co-operation Ministry of Agriculture Government of India New Delhi 2013

• icar.org.in• www.iari.res.in• agropedia.iitk.ac.in• www.aicrpchickpea.res.in• www.factfish.com• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea#Production• www.agmrc.org• www.icrisat.org

THANK YOU