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Short slideshow covering some of the basics of the evolutionary "miracle" photosynthesis. See how plants (and some bacteria) manage to take solar fusion energy, water, and carbon dioxide, and turn it into food (carbohydrates). Please note: This is an "animated" PPS, and SlideShare does NOT know how to handle these... For best viewing experience, download .pps and view locally!
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Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
Life’s Primus Motor:Photosynthesis ̶ Origin of most Earthly Life “fuel”!
C CC
CCC
C
C
N N
N NMg
100
0
Reflected Green
← Ultraviolet Visible Light EM Spectrum Wavelength (nm) Infrared →
% a
bsor
btio
n
Why (Most) Plants Are Green
Transmitted Green
“White” Light(all wavelengths)
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Absorbed Wavelengths(aided by chlorophyll, kinetic light energy is converted topotential energy, stored in carbohydrate chemical bonds)
Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
NADPH
Assimilated Bacterium: Chloroplast
Imports: Photon (Solar Fusion) Energy + 6 H2O + 6 CO2
Exports: 6 O2 + C6H12O6 (Glucose)
Light Reactions:Photosystem II
Electron TransportPhoto System I
Electron Transport
Dark Reactions:Calvin-Benson Cycle(Reductive PentosePhosphate Cycle)
Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
H
O
O
C CC C CC
HH H H
OHHH
H O
H
O
H
O
H
6 H2O + 6 CO2 + Energy = C6H12O6 (Glucose) + 6 O2
Manufactured carbohydrates are transported towhere they are needed by the plant (organism)
Chloroplasts:Candy Factories
OO
OHCOHC
Atomic Level
Sugar Train!
H
O
O
C CC C CC
HH H H
OHHH
H O
H
O
H
O
HGlucose(C6H12O6)
Thylakoid
Lumen (PS I/II)
Innermembrane Outer
membrane
Grana (Thyla-koid “stacks”)
Stroma
Thylakoidmembrane
Chlorophyll captures energy, used to split H2O and to drive
cyclic reactions inside stroma,building various carbohydrates
Photon hits chlorophyll molecule(located inside thylakoid grana)
Carbon dioxide (from airvia stomata) to chloroplast
Flower Power — PhotosynthesisCopyright © 2014 Henry Norman
Fd (Ferredoxin)
pQ (Plastoquinone)
Cytochrome
pC (Plastocyanine)
From/To
Stroma
(Dark)
Reactions
Fd bound
FAD (Fd Soluble)
Photons
Chlorophyll Molecule (only porphyrin ring shown, and move-ment added to visualize electrons getting excited to higher energy levels). ATP is synthesized by F0F1 ATP Synthase,
driven by hydrogen protons, descending a pH gradient.
E
nerg
y Le
vels
Excited
Depleted
Photosystem II Photosystem I
Thylakoid (Light) Reactions
Oxygen(to air)
C C
C
C
CC
C
C
N N
N NMg
C C
C
C
CC
C
C
N N
N NMg
Photophosphorylation
Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
Reductive Pentose Phosphate CycleAlso known as named after its discoverers,
Calvin-Benson Cycle
Reductive Pentose Phosphate CycleAlso known as named after its discoverers,
Calvin-Benson Cycle
CarbohydrateSynthesis
From/To
Thylakoid
(Light)
Reactions
“Rubisco”(Ribulose BisphosphateCarboxylase-Oxidase)
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
3-Phospho-Glycerate
RibuloseBisphosphate
CO2Stroma (Dark) Reactions
Regeneration
Reduction Carboxylation
From Air
From Roots
Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
ChloroplastMitochondrion
Recycled:
H2O, CO2, O2(low energy: high entropy)
Plant Manufacture:
Carbohydrates(high energy: low entropy)
Vegetabilia evolvinginto animalia…
Simultaneous Independent Co-dependency Evolution!
Cyanobacteria evolvinginto vegetabilia…
NuclearNew Clear Energy FusionEnergy
Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
Symbiosis… or Single Entity?
Carbohydrates,other organic
molecules
H2O
O2
CO2
Output
Output
Input
Input
Input
Output
InputOutput
Photosynthesis RespirationCO2 + H2O O2 + Carbohydrates Carbohydrates + O2 H2O + CO2
Water
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Carbohydrates
Energy
Most other livingorganisms
Plants,algae,
some bacteria
Nuclear fusion energyChemical
bond energy
Survival,Propagation,
Useful (?) Work
Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
Copyright © 2014 Henry Norman
Text,Concept,
“Artwork,”Graphics,
Animations:
Henry NormanMicroTech Consulting
Tagaytay CityPhilippine Islands
googleplus/henry.ko.norman
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