EPISODE 23: SUMMING UP THE 4 EVANGELISTS

Welcome to Heroes, Welcome to Heroes, part 2part 2

Welcome to Heroes, Welcome to Heroes, part 2part 2

SEASON 4SEASON 4THE GOSPELSTHE GOSPELS

SEASON 4SEASON 4THE GOSPELSTHE GOSPELS

Episode 19Episode 19

MMarkark

and the

LLionion

MAT

TH

EW

MAT

TH

EW

MAT

TH

EW

MAT

TH

EW

A MAN CALLEDCALLED

Episode 21Episode 21

LUKE LUKEBullish

High-High-flyin'flyin'

JOHNJOHN

the Gospel the Gospel acoording toacoording to

JOHNJOHN

WHO?traditionallyattributed author?

WHO?implied author?

"John Mark of

Jerusalem"(Acts 12:12;

15:37; Col 4:10;

Phlm 1:24; 1Pet 5:13)bilingual (Aramaic & Greek)Christian of the 2nd

generatio

n; "young man" of14:51-

52?

tax collector & apostle

(Mark 3:18;

Matt 9:9; 10:3; Luke

6:15; Acts 1:13)multi-lingual

(Aramaic &

Greek) early

JewishChristian; trained

"scribe"of13:52?

physician &

companion ofPaul

(Col 4:14; 2Tim 4:11;Phlm 1:24

only)Gentile

Christian convert;

well educated

Greek "historian"

; client ofTheophilus (1:1-4)?

John, son of

Zebedee; one

of 12 apostles

(Mark 1:19;3:17;

cf. John 21:2)

the "beloved disciple"

andhis Jewish Christianfollowers (19:35;

21:20-24)

TO WHOM?

implied audien

ce?

WHY? commun

itycircumstances &author's purpose

?

mostly Gentiles, fairly new

intheir faith, and facingpersecutio

nsto encourage a groupundergoi

ng difficult trialsand

persecutions

better educated Jews whobelieve in Jesus, but

argueover the

Lawto teach a communit

y withinternal divisions

andexternal enemies

wealthier Gentile

Christiansin an urban

setting,becoming complacen

tto challenge believers

to puttheir faith

into practice

morefully

very mixed: mostly Jews,some

Gentiles, Samaritan

s,etc.to

strengthen a groupostracized by other Jews for

their faith

Jesus’ Life and MinistryJesus’ Life and MinistryJesus’ Life and MinistryJesus’ Life and Ministry

Genealogy of JesusGenealogy of JesusGenealogy of JesusGenealogy of Jesus1:1-17 3:23-38

ROYAL LINE

BLOOD LINE

Matthew who was deeply rooted in the Jewish traditions, addressed his gospel to the Jews in dispersion around the world who were looking forward to a Messiah. He wanted to show that Jesus was indeed the Messiah as foretold in the scriptures and that he fulfilled all the rigid criteria that were laid down by the scriptures for the three fold anointing of Prophet, Priest and King. Jews were highly conscious of their origin from Abraham

Luke was writing to the gentiles who did not understand the Jewish traditions and customs. Legalism of the Jews and the custom of counting the lineage by legal right whether by levirate marriage or by kinsman-redeemer marriage or even ghost marriage was not understood by outsiders. Hence it is natural for him to adopt the blood relation as the basis of tracing the lineage.

Matthew traces the royal line through Solomon to Joseph. Joseph is the legal heir to the throne of David and as the legal son according to levirate or ghost marriage custom Jesus is the King of the Jews. Thus when Jesus claimed that he is the King of the Jews he was the rightful King in the line of David. Since Jesus is still alive Jesus is the rightful KING OF THE JEWS

Luke on the other hand traces the blood line through another son of David -- Nathan. While Solomon was the heir to the throne, Nathan was the spiritual heir to David.

It is interesting to note that Matthew deviates from the

tradition to mention four women in the

genealogy ofJesus.

Why did Matthew refer to these ill

reputed non-Jewish women?

MATTHEW’S FOUR WOMENTamarRahab Ruth

Bethsheba

It also has the significance that Jesus was not a pure Jew. He was born with the blood of all nations, borrowed from around the world. Jesus belongs to the

world.

MATTHEW’S FOUR WOMEN

It is not only to emphasize that Jesus was

not bornin a line of saints or

sinless people. Matthew emphasizes the fact that Jesus was the son of Eve who was fallen. He was to be born of Eve to be the saviour of mankind.

Birth and InfancyBirth and InfancyBirth and InfancyBirth and Infancy

1:18 - 2:23 1:5 - 2:52

Jesus' herita

ge: David(royal)

, Abrah

am (Jewis

h),Emmanuel (God with us)

parallel birth

stories: John

the Baptist & Jesus

1:14incarnation: " Word becameflesh and dwelt among us"

Birth and InfancyBirth and InfancyBirth and InfancyBirth and Infancy

1:18 - 2:23 1:5 - 2:52

men: David JosephHerod Magi

power: King of

Jews?murde

r of infants

!flight

to Egypt

women: Elizabeth,

Marydivine

presence:

angels Holy Spirithuman

witnesses:

shepherdsSimeon &

Anna

1:2-8 3:1-12 3:1-20 1:19-36

1:9-11 3:13-17 3:21-22 1:31-33

BaptismBaptismat theat theJordanJordan

BaptismBaptismat theat theJordanJordan

TemptationTemptationin thein theDesertDesert

TemptationTemptationin thein theDesertDesert

1:12-13 4:1-11 4:1-13

1:14-8:21 4:12-16:12 4:14-9:17 Chapters 2/4/6

Early Early MinistryMinistry

Early Early MinistryMinistry

Exorcism Exorcism in the in the

synagogue synagogue at at

CapernauCapernaumm

Exorcism Exorcism in the in the

synagogue synagogue at at

CapernauCapernaumm

1:21-28

Chapters5-7

4:14-30

2:1-11

Wedding Wedding Feast at Feast at

Cana:Cana:the first of the first of

the the “SIGNS”“SIGNS”

Wedding Wedding Feast at Feast at

Cana:Cana:the first of the first of

the the “SIGNS”“SIGNS”

Initial Initial PreachingPreaching

Initial Initial PreachingPreaching

1:14-15 4:12-17 4:14-30

1:6-20 4:18-22 5:1-11 1:35-51

Call of the Call of the First First

DisciplesDisciples

Call of the Call of the First First

DisciplesDisciples

5:1-20; 7:24 - 8:13

8:28-34; 15:21-28

8:26-39

Further Further ministryministryFurther Further ministryministry

8:22-9:50 16:13-18:35

9:18-50 7:1-9

On the Way On the Way to Jerusalemto JerusalemOn the Way On the Way to Jerusalemto Jerusalem

8:31-339:30-32

10:32-34

16:21-2317:22-2320:17-19

9:229:43b-4518:31-34

PredictionPredictionss

of theof thePassionPassion

PredictionPredictionss

of theof thePassionPassion

10:1-52 19:1-20:34 9:51-19:27 2:13; 5:1; 7:10

On the Way On the Way to Jerusalemto JerusalemOn the Way On the Way to Jerusalemto Jerusalem

11:1-12:44 21:1-23:39 19:1-21:4 Chapters3, 5, 7-12

TeachingsTeachingsandand

DisputesDisputes

TeachingsTeachingsandand

DisputesDisputes

PhariseesHerodians

Chief priestsScribesElders

PhariseesHerodians

Chief priestsScribesElders

ScribesPharisees“hypocrite

sand blindguides”

ScribesPharisees“hypocrite

sand blindguides”

unjust authorities

(civil &religious)

rich & corruptpeople

unjust authorities

(civil &religious)

rich & corruptpeople

“the Jews” (esp.

leaders in Jerusalem)PhariseesHigh Priest Caiaphas

“the Jews” (esp.

leaders in Jerusalem)PhariseesHigh Priest Caiaphas

13:1-37 24:1-36 21:5-36

EschatologicEschatologicalal

DiscourseDiscourse

EschatologicEschatologicalal

DiscourseDiscourse

The Paschal MysteryThe Paschal MysteryThe Paschal MysteryThe Paschal Mystery

14:17-31 26:20-35 22:14-38 13:1-17:26

Last SupperLast SupperLast SupperLast Supper

Focu

s of th

e

Focu

s of th

e

Passio

nPassio

nFo

cus o

f the

Focu

s of th

e

Passio

nPassio

nChapters

14-15Chapters

26-27Chapters

22-23Chapters

18-19

death as tragedy

plots &

treachery

Jesus’ innocence

Jesus’exaltation

15:22-41 27:33-56 23:33-49 19:17-37

CrucifixionCrucifixionCrucifixionCrucifixion

Last Words Last Words on the Crosson the CrossLast Words Last Words on the Crosson the Cross

15:34 27:46 22:34 19:26-27

"My God, my God, why have you forsaken

me?”

"Father, into your hands I

commend my Spirit”

"Father, forgive them...”

23:43

23:46

"You will be with me in

Paradise"

"It is finished”

"Woman, behold, your

son"; "Behold, your

mother"19:28

19:30

"I am thirsty"

16:1-8 28:1-8 24:1-12 20:1-13

EmptyEmptyTombTombStoryStory

EmptyEmptyTombTombStoryStory

16:9-20 28:9-10, 16-20

24:13-53 20:14-31;21:1-25

Last m

ajo

r event

Last m

ajo

r event

Last m

ajo

r event

Last m

ajo

r event

16:1-8 28:16-20 24:50-53 20:19-29

Empty Tomb,

outside ofJerusalem

Great Commissio

n,on

Mountain in Galilee

Ascension, from

Bethanyjust East of Jerusalem

21:1-23

disciples & Thomas

Peter & BelovedDisciple

Main Titles for JesusMain Titles for JesusMain Titles for JesusMain Titles for Jesus

Christ/Messiah Son of GodSuffering Son of ManEschatological JudgeSon of David & Son of Abraham New Lawgiver Great Teacher (like Moses)Emmanuel; King of Jews

a great Prophet (in word & deed);Lord (of all nations);Savior (esp. of the poor)

Eternal LogosDivine Word made FleshOnly-begotten Son, sent from FatherPassover Lamb; "I Am” ; "Equal to God

miraclesovercoming evil powers;arguing with religious authoritiesteaching disciples;decrying religious hypocrisy

healing sick & impaired people;forgiving sinners & debtors

speaking God's words;doing God's works;revealing God and himself

persevere in faith despite sufferingfollow Jesus "on the way" to the crossbe ready for his return D

isciple

ship

Discip

lesh

ipD

isciple

ship

Discip

lesh

ip

be righteous; forgive alwayslive ethically (Golden Rule)fulfill God's commands, esp. in charitable deeds

see, believe, know, remain in Jesus & God, despite hostilitylove one another; be in unityserve humbly

leave everything to follow Jesus share with pooraccept everyone, esp. outcasts, women, enemies

imminent and suddenly, butno one knows when; so "Keep awake!"

false prophets will arise;many will fall away; Gospel must first be preached to allafter Jerusalem is destroyed & Gentiles' time is fulfilled; not so soon; pray!realized eschatology; all who hear & believe have eternal life already now and are not judged

Esch

ato

logica

l Esch

ato

logica

l Expecta

tions

Expecta

tions

Esch

ato

logica

l Esch

ato

logica

l Expecta

tions

Expecta

tions

13:1-37

24:10-14

21:20-24,28, 36

5:21-25

whether you persevere in faith despite persecutions

what you do for "the least” people Sheep & Goats parable

how you use wealth / possessions parables of Rich & Poor

whether or not you believe in Jesus

Basis fo

r Final Ju

dgm

ent

Basis fo

r Final Ju

dgm

ent

Basis fo

r Final Ju

dgm

ent

Basis fo

r Final Ju

dgm

ent

13:13

25:31-46

16:1-31

3:16-18 5:19-2412:44-50

Messianic secret: main disciples don’t understand,but minor characters do believe

fulfillment of Scripturedivisions within the communityfinal separation of good vs. badfulfillment of God's planeschatological reversaltax collectors & sinners favored

"eternal life" = "life in his name”Paraclete = Holy SpiritChristian unitymutual indwelling of God/Jesus/us

Oth

er M

ajo

r Them

es

Oth

er M

ajo

r Them

es

Oth

er M

ajo

r Them

es

Oth

er M

ajo

r Them

es