Reported speech

REPORTED SPEECH

Reported statements

Luis said: “We are leaving tomorrow”

Luis said they were leaving the following day.

Reported statements

Luis said: “We are leaving tomorrow”

Luis said they were leaving the following day.

Changes

Verb tenses: (a step to the past)

Time and Place

Pronouns and possessives.

Verb tenses

John said: “I am ill.” “I am reading.” “I often send e-mails.” “I saw Peter last night.” “I was reading.” “I have just seen Peter.” “I had never seen Peter.” “I will phone you.” “I am going to sleep.”

John said that...

…he was ill.

…he was reading.

…he often sent e-mails.

…he had seen Peter….

…he had been reading.

…he had just seen Peter.

…he had never seen Peter.

…he would phone me.

…he was going to sleep.

Verb tenses

am/is/are Present continuous Present simple Past simple Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect will am/is/are going to

was/were Past continuous Past simple Past perfect Past perfect contin. Past perfect Past perfect would was/were going to

Verb tenses (modals)

John said:

“I can ski.”

“I must /have to go.”

“I may go”

John said that...

…he could ski.

…he had to go.

…he might go.

Other modal verbs (could, might, should, ought to) do not change

Time and place Now.

Today

Tonight

Tomorrow

Next week

Yesterday

Last week

Two weeks ago

Then

That day

That night

The following/the next day

The following/the next week

The day before/the previous day

The week before/the previous week

Two weeks before

Time and place

Here

This

These

Come

bring

There

That

Those

Go

take

Pronouns and possessives(In a logical way)

“I love you.” he told her.He told her (that) ___loved___.He told her (that) he loved her.“I need your advice”, Ann told her parents.Ann told her parents that ___ needed ___

advice.Ann told her parents that she needed their advice.

Say or Tell

Sally said (that) she loved him.

Sally said to me (that) she loved him.

Sally told me (that) she loved him.

Say or Tell?

The teacher _____(that) the students were tired. The teacher said (that) the students were tired.

Joan ____me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen.

Joan told me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen.

Mary ______ to us (that) she would call us that afternoon.

Mary said to us (that) she would call us that afternoon.

Reported questions

Yes / No Questions

“Are you working these days?” he said.

He asked if/whether I was working those days. subj. + verb

“Did you speak to John last night?” she asked

She wanted to know whether/if I had spoken to John the night before. Subj. + verb

Wh- Questions

“Where did you go last summer?”. He asked me where I had been the previous

summer. subj. + verb

“How long were you waiting for us?” She wanted to know how long I had been

waiting for them. subj. + verb

A) YES / NO QUESTIONS:

He asked/wanted to know/wondered whether / if we…..

B) WH- QUESTIONS:

He asked/wanted to know/wondered why we…

Questions

-Reporting verbs:

ask, want to know, wonder,…

-Order of Reported Question:

Subject + Verb – (as in Statements)

Requests

Requests

The teacher told us: “Read the text!”

The teacher told us to read the text. I.O.+ to +INF

She told us: “Don’t arrive late!”

She told us not to arrive late. I.O.+not to + INF

Some reporting verbs

GeneralSayTellAskWanted to know

Some reporting verbs

…that…Complain that…

Explain (to me) that…

Insisted that…

Some reporting verbs

to/not toask me to….

remind* me to…

promise* me to…

advise* me to…

order me to…

warn* me to…

Some reporting verbs

General …that… to/not toSay complain askTell explain remind*Ask insisted promise*

advise*

order

warn*