Capabilities and characteristic of hardware and software --

Capabilities and Characteristic of

hardware and software--- INPUT

• This section describes a range of technologies, including input, processing, storage, output and communication devices.

Inside the computer

The processor • Integral to all computers is

the processor, or central processing unit ( CPU). It is also often referred to as microprocessor. Its role is to process the

data entered, following the directions of the software, into the information required.

The processor

TWO PARTS OF A PROCESSOR

• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations.

Arithmetic logic unit

Control unit

• a control unit (CU) is a central (or sometimes distributed but clearly distinguishable) part of a mechanism that controls its operation.

Control unit

Memory

• Within the memory is all data needed in the phases of the information processing. These include the inputted data, the operating system and the application program.

Two distinct types

• PRIMARY ( THE INERNAL MEMORY IN THE CPU)

• SECONDARY ( EXTERNAL MEMORY OF A MORE PERMANENT TYPE)

Memory

Two types of memory

Read only memory (ROM)

Is a permanent internal silicon chip that is inserted before contraction. The programs contained in this memory store can be read and used but cannot be changed altered or erase.

Read only memory

Random access memory (RAM)

• Is the temporary memory that is available to the operator to us and manipulate . It stores the operating system and application software while the computer is in use. The contents of RAM are not permanent and are erased when the computer’s power is switched off .

Random access memory (RAM)

BUS

• within the computer. Data is transferred along data lines called buses. The bus is a series of circuits connecting the processor and other parts of the motherboard.

• Its purpose is to transfer data within the computer . Buses do not stores and manipulate data.

BUS

PORTS

• Serial ports and parallel ports are found at the back of the most PS’s. they are the interface between peripheral devices, such as printers and modems in the computers.

Input devices

keyboard

• The keyboard is the most common input device, computer keyboards are similar to typewriters and generally have desame QWERTY layout.

keyboard

Mouse, Trackball, Touch pad and Track point

• The mouse is almost as common as a keyboard, and is now generally a standard peripheral with most system, a mouse is hand operated and allows the user to move the cursor around the screen.

• Trackballs look similar in the upside down mouse placed in the middle of the keyboard.

• Touch pad allows you to simply move your finger over its surface to move the pointer.

• A track point has all the features of a mouse in a one small pointer that protrudes from the middle of the laptop keyboard.

Mouse, Trackball, Touch pad and Track point

BARCODE READER

• A barcode is a block of vertical black lines and white spaces, representing an alphanumeric code that identifies the item. The barcode reader needs these codes and produces a series of pulses that corresponds to the barcode.

Types of a barcode • Flat barcode- are commonly

used in super markets, as they are more efficient.

• Hand held- this are commonly found in departments and hardware stores, where because their products are varying in size and shapes.

• Pen barcode- are generally found in libraries or barrowing outlets such as video shops. Pen readers usually record the barcode of the barrower( normally on a card) and the barcode of the item being barrowed.

BARCODE READER

SWIPE CARD READER

• Swipe card readers electronically read the magnetic strip on the back of the card. The information on the strip is then matched with the personal identification number entered by the cards owner.

SWIPE CARD READER

SCANNER• Flat-Bed. Drum and hand

held scanners are input devices that can take text and image and turn them into digital data. The material can be in a form of text, drawings, or photographs. With the use of software, image can be manipulated and text edited.

SCANNER

DIGITAL CAMERA

• Digital cameras have provide a new way of taking pictures and transferring reasonable quality photographs to the PC.

DIGITAL CAMERA

TOUCH SCREENS • Another input device that has

become popular in environments used by non experts is the touch screen. This allows the user too select he desired option by the ouch of a finger on the screen.

Touch screen unit, or kiosk

Thank you!!!!!

Prepared by: Aizel C. PaquiaIII-BLIS