Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough

March 2010

Manuel Silva

Seville University

CSP TrainingLesson 2: Parabolic Trough

See also CPV

CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAICS

Advantages, Interviews, Video

CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAICS

Advantages, Interviews, Video

http://www.leonardo-energy.org/concentrating-photovoltaics

Solar Thermal Power Plants. Parabolic Trough Technology

Manuel A. Silva PérezGroup of Thermodynamics and Renewable

EnergyETSI – University of Seville

silva@esi.us.eshttp://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies

Main Concentrating Technologies

Central Receiver / Heliostats

Parabolic troughs

Parabolic dishes

Linear Fresnel Reflectors

http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies

5http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-2-linear-focus-technologies

Solar Thermal Power Plant. Basic configuration

Beam irradiance

Concentrator

Receiver

Thermal Storage

Concentrated irradiance Electricity

Power conversion system

Thermal energy

BoilerFossil fuel Biomass

Generator

PT power plant configuration

Collector

Main elements of the collector

• Reflector (mirror)• Receiver tube• Structure• Tracking system• Connecting elements• Control system

Applications

Process heat STP plant

The reflector

Thin glass mirror (0.8 mm)

Thick glass mirror (3 -5 mm)

Alternative reflecting surfaces

AluminumAlanod

Reflective films (polymers)Reflectech, 3M

Structure

Receiver tube

Selective coated steel tube

Glass envelope

'Getter‘ for vacuum maintenanceExpansion bellow

Glass pin for evacuation of gasesVacuum between glassand steel tubes

Glass – metal welding

Receiver tubes

Schott PTR-70Solel UVAC-2 y UVAC-

Heat transfer fluid

• Thermal oils– Caloria (SEGS I and II,

<300ºC)– Therminol VP-1 (<400 ºC)– Syltherm (Dow Chemical,

>400ºC)• Water / Steam

– >400 ºC– DISS Project

• Molten salts– Archimedes - ENEA facility

• Gasses– PSA Research Facility

State of the art

Tracking mechanisms

Electrical motor - gearbox Hydraulic

Connecting collectors

Flex hoses Rotating joints

Solar field configuration (I)

1 SCA 150 m 12 SCE 1 Drive Pylon 10 Middle Pylon 1 End Pylon 1 Shared Pylon (shared with next SCA)

Cold Oil

Hot Oil

End Pylon

Drive Pylon

Middle Pylon

Shared Pylon

Solar field configuration (2)

Cross OverPipes

1379 m

Loop of6 SCA’s

HeadersSEGS Power Block80 MW Rankine Cycle

A) Direct returnB) Reverse return

C) Central

Thermal losses Higher cost P balanced Lower consumption

Thermal losses unbalanced P Higher consumption

Shorter pipelines Better access to collectors unbalanced P

Solar field configuration (3)

b) N-S trackinga) E-W tracking

Solar field orientation (Northern Hemisphere)

Maximum efficiency at noon.

Maximum yearly energy generation

Incidence angle never 0 at noon

More balanced seasonal generation

Diámetro , D

Rayosolar

Angulodeapertura, f

Angulodeaceptancia, qReflectorParabolic

External receiver diameterD

Sun rays

Aperture angle f

Acceptance angle, q

b) Acceptance angle, a) Concentration ratio, C

Aperture, A

Absorber tube

Basic design parameters

Length, L

Beam irradiance

interception factor, ,

Selective-coated steel tube (Absortivity = )

Glass envelope (Transmissivity = )

Parabolic mirror(Reflectivity = )

o,peak = ···

Energy balance. Optical losses

Side view

Plant view

Shaded area

Reflecting surface

Absorber tube

L = concentrator length = incidence angle

F = focal length

b) Loss of effective collector lengtha) Shading losses

Af = W x ED = W x F x tan()

Geometrical losses

Loss of effective collector length

ambabsabs

conv-condabs,radabs,absL T - TLD

Q + Q=U

abs ºC]

UL)col = UL)abs / C

Qv,abs.

Qabs,rad.

Qabs,cond/conv. Qamb,rad

Qamb,conv

Glass envelope

Absorber tube

Thermal losses

effeff

cos IAQ csol inouteff hhMQ thoptglobal K º0,

Energy balance (solar to thermal)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

III IV V VI VII0%

70%Effi

05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00

Solar to Electric Efficiency (gross)

Direct Normal Radiation

Thermal SolarField Efficiency -

Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VIon July 1997 by KJC Operating Company

Typical operation curve (clear day, no thermal storage)

Andasol-type plants (thermal storage and auxiliary boiler)

SEGS 30 MW

• Difficult to evaluate– Confidentiality of contracts– Volatility of prices– Only 2 – 3 providers of key elements– O&M experience restricted to US (SEGS

Plants)

Costs (w/o TES)

Approx. 3.5 – 4 €/kWe

Costs – Solar field

Electricity cost

• Depends on different factors– Solar Resource– TES Capacity– Labour cost– Financial– Etc.

• Spain 2010: LCOE < 250 €/MWh• SW USA: LCOE = 120 €/MWh?

PT Technology today, pros & cons.

• Pros:– Mature technology;

• Comercially proven, over 500 MW installed capacity;

• Extensive operational record: 9 plants operating for 20 years in USA

– Easy to finance (in Spain!)• Cons:

– Few manufacturers of key elements (recievers, mirrors…) -> limited competence

– Limited maximum temperature -> limited efficiency

– Costly, hazardous HTF– Limited TES options

More…

• http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/• Sargent & Lundy Assessment of CSP

http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/34440.pdf

• Look for movies at youtube, e.g:– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysDXwvN

GHeM&feature=related– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OLjooHY

1VA– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDWSW

8BAM3U&feature=related– And more…

Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 2 : Parabolic Trough

Technology

1361450193Chapter 05 Parabolic Trough

Very Important Chapter 05 Parabolic Trough

Experimental Investigation of Parabolic Trough

Chapter 5 Parabolic Trough Technology

Parabolic Trough Design

PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR CONCENTRATOR

Advanced Low-Cost Receiver for Parabolic Trough … AM...Advanced Low-Cost Receiver for Parabolic Trough Solar Power ... Parabolic Trough Solar Field –Cost Drivers ... Collector

Siemens I&C solutions for Concentrated Solar Power Plants7800e32c-… · SOLAR POWER COMPLEX, Blythe Riverside, USA Solar Parabolic trough This solar Power Complex is a concentrated

CSP Parabolic Trough - Spanish version

PERFORMANCE OF A PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR

Parabolic-Trough Solar Water Heating

Cost-Effective Parabolic Trough Foundations for Concentrated … · 2014-03-31 · Cost-Effective Parabolic Trough Foundations for Concentrated Solar Power Plants Paul Dallyn, Ashraf

ENHANCE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF PARABOLIC TROUGH …

Cost-Effective Parabolic Trough Foundations for ... · 227 Cost-Effective Parabolic Trough Foundations for Concentrated Solar Power Plants Paul Dallyn, Ashraf El-Hamalawi and Alessandro

Application Selling Guide CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER · fresh water. 7 Application Selling Guide — Concentrated Solar Power PARABOLIC TROUGH PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM. FLOWSERVE OPPORTUNITIES

A closed parabolic trough solar collector · A closed parabolic trough solar collector Gang Xiao 30th October 2007 Parabolic trough[1] is the most mature technology for large scale

Parabolic Trough VSHOT Optical Characterization in …Parabolic Trough VSHOT Optical Characterization in 2005-2006 Tim Wendelin NREL/PR-550-40024 Presented at the 2006 Parabolic Trough

Parabolic Trough Solar Plants

Rice Airfield - Solar Renewable Energy Siteimages3.loopnet.com/d2/1VMVJe1RPpBDD76Z2SdZOac2XqmnTy...• Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plant • Power Tower / Parabolic Trough power

Parabolic Trough