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A review of concepts covered over the semester in anticipation of the upcoming final.
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Concepts review
IST 523April 23, 2008
Overview
• Concept Q&A• Questions• Next week overview
True and false
Most of the computers you would see in an airport terminal
are monolithic.
True
• Monolithic computers are all-in-one computers
• Laptops are monolithic• Computers in public areas like airports are
more likely to be monolithic due to nature of their location
Finding a number in a phone book is an example of random
access.
True
• You don’t have to look through all the preceding numbers in a phone book to find the specific number you’re looking for.
• Sequential access is the process of looking through all the preceding numbers
Applying an idea or concept to larger circumstances is called
abstraction
False
• Generalization is applying an idea or concept to larger circumstances
Characters stored in the computer are case sensitive.
T
• There’s a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters.
• The computer knows the difference.
The part of an email address on the left side of the @ is similar
to a ZIP code.
F
• The left side is similar to a mailbox. • The right side is similar to a ZIP code.
A bit is larger than a byte.
F
• It is smaller• There are 8 bits in a byte.
The WWW is larger than the Internet.
F
• The WWW is a subset of the Internet.
The standard wildcard character is the left arrow.
F
• The wildcard character is the x. • In some case, * is used.
A weakness of a relational database is that it imposes a regular structure on all data.
T
• Sometimes data doesn't fit into a neat structure.
MP3 music is popular because the sound quality is superior to
other types of sound.
F
• It is popular because it is good sound that is highly compressed for use on the computer and other devices.
Spyware is an issue for all computers.
F
• Spyware is not an issue for Macintosh computers.
• However, they are susceptible to viruses.
Actual computer errors are very rare.
T
• Usually the cause is the user or bad data.
A megabyte is exactly a million bytes.
F
• A megabyte is slightly over a million bytes, 1,048,576 to be exact.
Any 2 GHz computer will always run faster than a 1 GHz
computer.
F
• There are many factors that contribute to a computer’s speed.
• Processing speed is one of them, but it’s not the only one.
The first and last tag on a Web page is always the html tag.
T
• The first tag is <html> and the last tag is </html>.
The 's' in https stands for secure.
T
• The 's' is used for secure sites.
HTML tags are used only to display data.
T
• HTML is a markup language and isn't concerned with the meaning of data
The structure of a database table is separate from its
content.
T
• Its structure is determined by metadata.• It will contain data
An algorithm is a program.
F
• An algorithm is a process, a program is a solution.
• An algorithm can be developed into a program.
A Web page cannot have a background color and a
background image.
T
• You will only be able to see one or the other.
A table can contain text, but not images.
F
• Tables can contain images. • In fact, putting images in a table is a great
way to align them.
A company can place a cookie on your computer even if you’ve
never visited its Web site.
T
• Third-party ads can be used to place cookies on your computer.
No computer system can be considered bug free.
F
• The systems are so complicated that the elimination of bugs is impossible.
• For the most part, the bugs are squashed, but there are probably some problems left even in the best systems.
Multiple choice
Examples of random access include all of the following except:
A. playing your favorite song on a CDB. getting to your car in the parking lotC. finding a scene on a videotape D. finding an article in a newspaper
C
• You’d have to forward through the tape to find the scene. For the other scenarios, you could skip to what you’re looking for.
Which of the following is probably legal?A. You buy a computer game and give copies to your friends.B. You and your buddies pool your money to buy software, which you share.C. You buy one copy of a piece of software, but install it at home and at your office.D. You buy one copy of a piece of software, but install it at home, your office, and on your spouse’s laptop.
C
• Usually, but check the license.• You can install it in both places as long as
you can only use it in one place at a time.
A big advantage experienced computer users have over novices is:A. they know nothing will breakB. when they get stuck, they start overC. they are willing to throw things away and chalk it up to experienceD. all of the above
D
• “Judgment comes from experience. Experience comes from poor judgment.” --Robert E. Lee
Memory is measured in:A. megabytesB. bytesC. MBD all of the above
D
• Small amounts of memory are measured in bytes.
• Large amounts are measured in megabytes, which is abbreviated MB.
Which of the following lacks finiteness?A. bake for 50 minutes at 375 degreesB. read Chapter 10C. repeat until you get to the end of
the fileD. find pi
D
• All of the others have an end point. • As far as we know, there’s no solution for
pi, only an approximation.
Computer speed is dependent upon all of the following except:
A. processor speedB. memory sizeC. byte sizeD. instruction set
C
• The byte size is 8 bits and has nothing to do with the speed of a computer.
DSL stands for:A. dialup service linkB. digital subscriber lineC. direct service linkD. digital subscriber link
B
• DSL is a dedicated connection to an ISP.• Usually the connection is very fast and
limited to those within close proximity to ISP.
A database is a collection of:A. tags
B. tablesC. fields
D. entities
B
• A collection of related tables is a database.
The language of humans is called:A. descriptive languageB. natural languageC. functional language
D. Pig Latin
B
• Human language is referred to as natural language
Which of the following lines is properly nested?A. <p><i><b>Happy New Year!</p></i></b>B. </p></b></i>Happy New Year!<p><b><i>C. </p></b></i>>Happy New Year!<i><b><p>D. <p><i><b>Happy New Year!</b></i></p>
D
• The tags must be nested to work properly. • In this case, the bold is inside the italic and
the italic is inside the paragraph.
Stylesheets have the extension:A. htmB. xmlC. xslD. txt
C
• Stylesheets have an xsl extension.
Which of the following is not a binary system?A. a lightB. traffic lightC. free throwD. test answer
B
• A light is either on or off. • You either make or miss a free throw. • A test answer is either right or wrong. • A traffic light could be red, green, or
yellow.
A googol is:A. a search engineB. 10100
C. 10010
D. none of the above
B
• It’s 1 with 100 zeros after it.
To find pages on the Wright brothers and bicycles, your best search would look like:
A. Wright bicycleB. Wright OR bicycleC. “Wright” AND “bicycle”D. “Wright AND bicycle”
C
• Put the individual words in quotes and put an AND between them.
Fill in the blank
Trying out new or unfamiliar features without a clear idea of
what they will do is called ______.
“blazing away”
A network of networks is a good description of the ______.
Internet
A(n) ______ is a group of similar items.
array
______ is the rate at which bits are transmitted.
Bandwidth
______ is the process of transmitting pages to a Web
server so others can view them.
Uploading
______ is another name for an instruction execution engine.
Computer
______ is the task of translating a program into instructions in an
assembly language.
Compiling
The common name for an integrated circuit is a computer
______.
chip
Using ______ around words in a search makes the search
engine look for an exact match.
Quotation marks “”
______ refers to whether a number is odd or even.
Parity
A file with a .txt extension probably contains ______.
text
Hex is short for ______.
Hexadecimal
______ is information describing other information.
Metadata
A ______ is the common name for the repetition of a block of
programming code.
loop
Next week
• At Mid-Hudson Library System• Be prepared to give presentation AND
hand-in technology report• Order of presentations will be
determined via a drawing of “lots”
Next week, continued
• Take-home final will be distributed• Final is due MAY 14 at Marlboro Library• If you want to mail the final so it arrives
to me prior to May 14, see me after class
• If you plan on mailing the final and want your technology plan back, see me after class
Goodbye
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