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mRNA DNA tRNA Misc.ProteinSynthesis
What is mRNA used for?
The copying of the instructions in the DNA
What does mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
Where is mRNA before the process of protein synthesis
In the cytoplasm
Where does the mRNA go after the copying of the DNA
Ribosome
What is the process of copying the DNA in the nucleus called
Transcription
What does DNA do
Gives instructions to the cell
What was the name of the project that discovered the number and sequence of the chromosomes
Human Genome project
Who discovered DNA and what did he use
Dr. Mendel & pea plants
What does DNA Stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does tRNA do
Brings amino acids to the ribosome
What does tRNA stand for
transfer RNA
What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis
Transports the amino acids to the ribosome
What is the process of reading the tRNA called
Translation
How many types of amino acids can one piece of tRNA bond to
One amino acid
Who was tRNA hypothesized by
Francis Crick
How many homologous chromosomes are there? male-
female
22 male23female
What is the definition of Genetics
The study of heredity
How many genes are there in the human body
31,000
Why can the DNA not leave the nucleus
It is too large
What two organelles have their own sets of DNA and reproduce
independently from the cell & what are the names of the DNA
Mitochondria: mitochondrialRibosome: ribosomal
What is the name of the process for making protein
Protein synthesis
What makes up a protein
Amino acid
Your body cannot make 6 amino acids where can you get them
From the food you consume
What type of organism must be able to make all of the amino acids
Plants must be able to make all the amino acids. Humans, on the other hand, do not have all the enzymes
required for the biosynthesis of all of the amino acids.
What amino acids can our bodies not make
arginine (required for the young, but not for adults), histidine, isoleucine,
leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
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