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Tra Trieste e Nova Gorica per lo studio dei
fenomeni ultraveloci
Between Trieste and Nova Gorica for the
study of ultra-fast phenomena
Cesare Grazioli
? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ?
Project U TRST-NoMa
Talents for an International House
(TALENTS)
Grant Agreement number: 245574
Ultrafast Time Resolved SpecTroscopy on Novel Materials
• What is Spectroscopy?
• Ultrafast Technology
• The Origin Institution
• The Host Institution
• Working between Trieste and Nova Gorica
(and Europe)
• Research on Novel Materials
What is spectroscopy? The study of the interaction of matter with light
Specifically, looking at how energy is stored in a molecule, how it gains or loses energy, and how energy
moves around inside the molecule.
The electromagnetic spectrum is BROAD MANY techniques: Absorption spectroscopy Fluorescence spectroscopy X-ray spectroscopy Visible spectroscopy Ultraviolet spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy
Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy CARS spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Photoemission spectroscopy Mössbauer spectroscopy (…….)
An example of our capabilities:
Scientists at IBM Research have made “the world's smallest movie” by moving individual atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope.
http://www.research.ibm.com/articles/madewithatoms.shtml Cu(111)
Tip
CO
Several molecules of CO on Copper (111)
We have reached a high degree of sophistication in terms of prediction and control of the static properties at the microscopic scale
Hundreds of frames that have been assembled for a movie
A Boy and His Atom
Bet: Do all four hooves
of a trotting horse ever
simultaneously leave
the ground?
The Birth of Ultrafast “Technology”
Leland Stanford Eadweard Muybridge
Time Resolution:
1/60th of a second
The "Trotting Horse”
Controversy Palo Alto, CA 1872
Observation of the
process from birth to
death of a molecule
Developments of Ultrafast Technology
Ahmed Zewail
Nobel prize 1999
Time Resolution:
10 fs
Apparatus with an ultrafast laser to be used on a
molecular beam. The beam and the picosecond
laser system were interfaced. The goal of the
project began as wanting to directly measure the
rate of vibrational-energy redistribution for an
isolated molecule using the picosecond laser.
Why “femtoseconds”?
Photodissociation dynamics
hv
n e-
Photoionizationdynamics
Spectroscopy
+
Photodissociation dynamics
hv
n e-
Photoionizationdynamics
Spectroscopy
+ VUV Soft-X-Rays
A chemical reaction, typically, happens in some tens or hundreds of femtoseconds (fs)
1 fs = 0.000000000000001 s one millionth of a billionth of seconds
Today, thanks to the development of advanced light sources (synchrotrons, free electron lasers) we are able to follow and to study a reaction that takes place with these time scales. We are also able to understand ‘why some reactions do occur and why others do not. This and a branch of physics and chemistry which is called femtochemistry.
Advanced light sources ELETTRA
Novel Light Sources
FERMI
(Gas Phase beamline)
in Trieste (Basovizza) femtochemistry
(LDM beamline)
Advanced light sources ELETTRA
Novel Light Sources
FERMI
in Trieste (Basovizza) femtochemistry
Gas Phase beamline 1997-2013: 16y activity
Broad Photon energy range [13-900eV] high Resolving Power [E/DE>104] high Photon Flux : 1012_1010 ph s-1 (100mA ring current)
7 end stations for photoabsorption, photoelectron, fluorescenceand mass spectrometry; advanced electron, ion and photoncoincidence spectroscopies.
An external ps/fs laser for two colour pump-probe experiments.
The BL can also accomodate user owned end-stations.
Δ
LDM@FERMI Our 4th generation facility for Atoms, Moleculse and Clusters
Full range tunability (laser seeded FEL)
Fundamental phenomena: multiphoton absorption and photoemission Focus on dilute species: spectroscopy of clusters and nanodroplets Pump-probe in fs domain with VUV –X photons + optical laser
A laboratory for ultrafast spectroscopy and femtochemistry based on a state-of-the-art fs-laser HHG source in the VUV, at University of Nova Gorica (Dept. Physics, campus of Ajdovščina), and a scientific case on pump-probe experiments, in close collaboration with the LDM beamline of FERMI.
In Nova Gorica (Ajdovščina) femtochemistry
Laboratory of Quantum Optics: development and characterization of methods based on the use of innovative light sources
CITIUS Lab
funding from (FP7) Italo-Slovenian Cross – Border Cooperation Program
The CITIUS network
ELETTRA/FERMI generation of light from relativistic electrons and its use for investigation of matter structure
UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA design and contruction of new generation light sources (several years of collaborations with Sincrotrone Trieste) Laboratory of organic matter physics, that will be actively involved in the exploitation of the new light source
CNR-LUXOR Design and construction of instrumentation for photon handling and spectroscopy on ultra- short femtosecond and attosecond pulses in the extreme-ultraviolet
KONTROLNI SISTEMI d.o.o.
Remote Control for
all “smart” devices
from one point.
Automatic control
User interface
UNIVERSITY OF LUBIANA
Stabilization of light mechanical constructions
CNR-ISOF
Synthesis of new products and development of innovative methodologies in organic synthesis.
The CITIUS collaborations Design and construction of instrumentation for photon handling and spectroscopy on ultra- short femtosecond and attosecond pulses in the extreme-ultraviolet
SOLEIL, the French national synchrotron facility
Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics
Building new lab in Ajdovščina
We broke the wall through and reinforced the whole structure
Creation of an ISOLATED concrete base, for higher stability
CITIUS specifications are mainly driven by fs-PES requirements
wavelength range: 60-20 nm, 100 – 50 fs pulses
good average power up to 10 KHz and best possible stability
107 ph/pulse @sample @ 20 eV; 5*105 ph/pulse @sample @ 70 eV
possibility to perform pump-probe experiments: OPA with delay line
tunability in the higher wavelength range under evaluation!!!???
103 ph/pulse @sample in the 100-300 eV hv range, through HHG in Helium (only XAS)
Laser systemChamber with
gas jet
/n
Mono
Light spectrometer
Experimental chamber
with electron spectrometer
Sample
MirrorDelay lineParametric
amplifier
D
the CITIUS Light Source
Coherent “Legend Elite Duo”
seed laser Micra and two amplifying
stages: Evolution 30 (Q-Switched
Nd:YLF) laser Evolution HE (Q-
Switched Nd:YLF) laser
100Hz, 1 kHz, 5 kHz and 10 kHz
repetition-rate.
3.1mJ and <40fs at 5 kHz
Two thirds of the energy is used for
HHG,
one third as a pump for OPA or IR part
in the pump-probe experiments
HHG chamber with gas jet Monochromator and recombination
chamber
Experimental chamber Path of the IR pump (or OPA) with delay
line
IRMA – L.U.R.E. SOLEIL M. Sacchi et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 2791 (2003)
- Two circle goniometer
- UHV
- Applied magnetic field up to 1500 Oe
- Temperature control (-20 120 ˚C)
- Detection: PD and CEM on the goniometer
MCP or CCD at fixed angle
S. Valencia, et al. New Journal of Physics 8 (2006) 254
Permalloy
a test: X-Ray Magnetic Scattering with IRMA
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
no
rm. sca
tte
red
in
ten
sity (
arb
. u
nits)
H (Oe)
hyst. loop for Dt < 0 ps
hyst. loop for Dt > 1.0 ps
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
0.05
0.10
0.15
Data: Data9_D
Model: ExpDec1
Equation: y = A1*exp(-x/t1) + y0
Weighting:
y No weighting
Chi^2/DoF = 0.00012
R^2 = 0.91514
y0 0.02588 ±0.00423
A1 0.08695 ±0.00616
t1 0.21437 ±0.02642
pump probe delay (ps)
Data9_D
ExpDec5_B
LinearFit2_Data9DI++ I
-
I+- I
-
Hysteresis loops as a function of the delay: demagnetization WE CAN PERFORM EXPERIMENTS ON MAGNETISM
ULLA: end-station with a hemispherical electron spectrometer SES 200 (collaboration with Uppsala University) Temporal characterization of the EUV pulses
Cross correlation measurement in gas phase (side bands)
LAPE on a Kr gas jet
HH 15 (23.1 eV)
+ Ti:Sa (1.55 eV)
Δt = 35 fs !!!
characterization: photoemission with ULLA
CITIUS END-STATION Design: 1. Fast Entry 2. Conventional surface preparation stage 3. Measuring stage: SPECTROMETERS - ARPES / XPS - time and angle resolved Time of
Flight electron analyzer cryogenic manipulator (L-He) 10 K
June 2012
Experiment in MAX-LAB (Sweden)
The state-of-the-art SCIENTA SPECTROMETERS
SCIENTA ARTOF 10k Spectrometer
• New type of electron spectrometer • ARTOF 10k (Angle Resolved Time Of Flight) – Outstanding energy resolution – Excellent angular resolution – Up to 250 times
higher transmission
WHAT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO DO...
Data acquired at Artemis
Central Laser Facility
R.A.L. Didcot - Oxford (U.K.)
Bi2Se3 topological insulator
M. Bianchi et al., Nature Communications 1, Article number: 128
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GIOVANNI DE NINNO - GROUP LEADER, UNG / ELETTRA DAVID GAUTHIER - UNG / ELETTRA ROSEN IVANOV - UNG / ELETTRA
SANDRA GARDONIO - UNG MARCELLO CORENO - C.N.R. / ELETTRA
BARBARA RESSEL - UNG CARLO SPEZZANI - ELETTRA
ALESSANDRA CIAVARDINI – UNIROMA 1 LUCA POLETTO - C.N.R. LUXOR
FABIO FRASSETTO - C.N.R. LUXOR PAOLO MIOTTI - C.N.R. LUXOR ELEONORA POLO - C.N.R. ISOF
MIRAN MERHAR - UNI. LJ. BOJAN GOSPODARIČ - UNI. LJ.
DAMJAN GOLOB - KONTROLNI SISTEMI ALJAŽ PODBORŠEK- KONTROLNI SISTEMI
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