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Unique technology - Precise Features - Advanced Performance
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TEM – Track Etched Membranes Unique technology - Precise Features - Advanced Performance
� Polycarbonate / PC
� Polyethylene Terephthalate / PET
� Polyimide / PI
Track-etched membranes (TEM) are manufactured from either Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or Polyimide
(PI) with such precise and accurate pore size distribution that they are perfect for a varied range of applications from selective
bacterial determination in the food and beverage industry to selective particle removal for further assessment.
These membranes are manufactured using the latest production methods and following strict procedural methods in a clean
room atmosphere (as per ISO 5 and 7): A high purity polymeric film is in the first instance subjected to a tightly controlled high
energy beam of heavy particles which leave the film with a known density of holes. The film is then subjected to chemical
etching with the resultant film having cylindrical ‘holes’ of a uniform diameter. The whole process being controlled by state of
the art technology so the resultant product’s physical properties can be modified to be precisely the pore size and distribution
required by each application.
Key Features:Pore Size: �
The accurate pore size of 0.01 to 30μm ensures that
100% of the larger than nominal pore size liquid or
gas particles are captured on the surface and do not
penetrate the membrane facilitating easy capture and
harvesting.
Pore Density: �
Pore densities available range from 1x104 to 6x109/cm²
with a porosity of up to 30%.
Purity: �
The extremely low level of extractable components
and the inherent chemical inertness of the membrane
materials result in a product with high biological
compatibility: non-cytotoxic and non-bactericidal
behavior, with low binding of proteins (< 5μg/cm²)
and chemicals (like dyes) which guarantee low
background levels after staining cells on the membrane.
The polymeric base material of the TEM does not leach
particles like some other filtration membranes.
Appearance: �
The PC and PET polymers are also both available as
truly black membranes allowing the best possible
contrast and visibility for evaluating microorganisms
stained with fluorescent dyes under epifluorescence
microscopy.
Surface: �
The standard version of all membranes shows a
translucent opacity and two shiny and smooth
surfaces. The optional transparent membrane surface
allows excellent visibility, which is ideal for analyzing
microorganisms and particles under the microscope
using transmitted light.
Physical Properties: �
Polycarbonate, Polyethylene terephthalate and
Polyimide membranes all have inherently high
tensile strengths and good solvent, acid and base
resistance - with PET having a slightly higher
resistance to most organic solvents, amides,
halogenated hydrocarbons and corrosive agents -
making PC, PET and PI membranes a reliable
alternative to PVDF and PTFE membranes.
The maximum operating temperatures of PC and
PET being 140ºC and 150ºC respectively whereas
the PI membrane has an additional advantage of
being operational in temperatures up to 400ºC.
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Accurate pore size
Typical Applications
The smooth membrane with glossy surfaces allows retained particles to be easily viewed under a microscope or electron
microscope. The optional highly transparent membrane, which is recommended in this case, is an ideal medium for a broad
range of analyses as they assure homogenous transillumination with high contrast.
Environmental Analysis, Cell Biology, �
Microbiology, Parasitology, Air Analysis
Our black PC and PET membranes are
made for rapid detection and enumeration
of particles and microorganisms in
epifluorescence microscopy, which requires a
pitch black background. They are treated using
a unique manufacturing process, ensuring a
membrane that although visually grey in colour
appear true black under the microscope with
zero auto-fluorescence that does not stain, for
high visibility and contrast, yielding to superior
results compared to results obtained with other
grey membranes.
Microorganism Detection in Water, Food and Dairy Products, Wine and Beverages, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics �
Being manufactured from pure polymeric film gives exceptional chemical cleanliness. They are free of contaminants and have
a very low level of nonspecific protein binding and a low tare weight. These properties give a clear advantage for sampling, cell
enrichment, bacteria and microorganism capture prior to any further analysis.
Microorganism capture, concentration and fractionation �
Yeast �
Mould �
Legionella �
Serratia �
Shistosoma �
Coliform bacteria etc. �
Healthcare �
Biosensors: flow control and protection from potential �contaminants
Diagnostic assays: flow control of reagents, sample preparation and �blood separation
Sterility testing �
Blood filtration and cell analysis: red blood cell (RBC) deforma- �
bility, leukocyte removal, chemotaxis, rare cell detection
Water Analysis �
Absorbable organic halides (AOX) in waste water, drinking water, �soil - even total organic halide (TOX).
Marine biology �
Dissolved phosphates and nitrates �
Air Monitoring �
Airborne particle analysis: pollen, dust, asbestos �
Trace elements �
Analytical Methods �
Gravimetrical analysis �
Qualitative analysis �
HPLC and GC sample preparation �
Cell Culture �
Membranes of PC and PET are available with a special surface treatment for cell culture, �
promoting an exceptional cellular growth and adhesion for a wide range of cell lines.
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Plastic cylinder with a transparent and a black PC membrane as customised design
Tumor cells after filtration
Bacteria collected on PC-membrane
Standard-Products of Polycarbonate (PC), Polyimide (PI) and Polyester (PET)
Membrane diameter 25 mm and 47 mm �
Pore sizes from 0,20 μm to 10 μm �
Pore size [µm]
Thickness PC, PI/PET [µm]
Air flow [ml/min/cm²]
Water flow* [ml/min/cm²]
Bubble pointWater [psi]
Pore density (± 15 %)[Pores/cm²]
0.20 25 / 23 3,5* 10 58 5 × 108
0.40 25 / 23 8.5* 45 32 1,5 × 108
0.60 25 / 23 7.5* 45 17 4 × 107
0.80 24 / 22 16* 90 13 4 × 107
1.0 24 / 22 14* 150 10 2,2 × 107
3.0 22 / 20 18** 350 3 3 × 106
5.0 20 / 18 21** 800 2 4 × 105
8.0 17 / 15 24** 1000 1,3 1 × 105
10.0 15 / 13 30.5** 1150 1 1 × 105
Special Order Products of PC, PET and PI
Pore sizes: 0.01 μm to 0.10 μm and 12 μm to 30 μm �
Rectangular cuts, rolls �
Membrane diameters: 13 mm, 76 mm, 90 mm, 142 mm and 293 mm �
Thinner layer or customised pore density �
Opacity: Transparent �
Hydrophobic or specially treated for cell culture �
Please note: If you are intended to use the PC membrane for AOX, you will require a special controlled quality with 10 μm
thickness. PC, PET and PI membranes can be autoclaved or sterilized by using Ethylene Oxide (EtO) or Gamma irradiation.
Broad Range of Available Characteristics
Feature Polycarbonate (PC) Polyester (PET) Polyimide (PI)
Thickness (μm) 6 – 50 9 – 50 7 – 25
Burst strength (psi) > 10 > 10 >10
Weight (mg/cm²) 0.7 – 6.0 1.2 – 7.0 1.3 – 3.5
Specific gravity (g/cm³) 1.21 1.39 1.43
Heat sealing range (°C) 230 – 275 250 – 265 -
Max. service temp. (°C) 140 150 400
Ash weight (μg/cm²) 0.6 2.3 -
Porosity (%) according to pore size/density 0.1 – 20 0.1 – 20 0.1 – 20
Pore density (pores/cm²) depending on pore size 104 – 6 x 109 104 – 6 x 109 104 – 6 x 109
Pore size (μm) 0.01 -30 0.02 – 30 0.01 –10
Opacity Translucent; optional: Translucent; optional: Translucent
transparent, black transparent, black
Refractive index 1.58 – 1.63 1.55 – 1.66 1.70
Surface treatment Hydrophilic; optional: hydro- Hydrophilic; optional: hydro- Hydrophilic; optional: hydro-
phobic or cell culture treated phobic or cell culture treated phobic or cell culture treated
Water absorption (% wt) < 0.35 < 0.5 <1.0
Fibre release No No No
Leachables Negligible Negligible Negligible
Autoclavable (30 min, 120 °C) Yes Yes Yes
Biological compatibility Inert Inert Inert
Polymer structure Amorphous Stretched (crystalline) Amorphous
*at 10 psi, **at 2.5 psi
Translucent or deep black �
Both sides with shiny surface, hydrophilic �
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Germany
Hahnemühle FineArt GmbH
Hahnestrasse 5
D-37586 Dassel
Sales area
Germany, Austria, Suisse
and the Netherlands:
Phone: + 49 5561 791 687
Sales area
Rest-Europe and other Countries:
Phone: + 49 5561 791 688
Fax: + 49 55 61 79 13 77
filtration@hahnemuehle.com
www.hahnemuehle.com
United Kingdom
Hahnemühle FineArt UK
Suite 6, St. Mary‘s Court
Carleton Forehoe
GB-Norwich,
NR9 4AL
Phone: + 44 (0) 845 3300 129
Fax: + 44 (0) 1603 757 915
ukfiltration@hahnemuehle.com
www.hahnemuehle.com
Ordering information for PC Membranes
Part number Pore size Diameter Quantity per box
PC02025NL 0.2 μm, black 25 mm 100
PC02025TL 0.2 μm, translucent 25 mm 100
PC02047NL 0.2 μm, black 47 mm 100
PC02047TL 0.2 μm, translucent 47 mm 100
PC04025TL 0.4 μm, translucent 25 mm 100
PC04025TLX 0.4 μm, translucent, for AOX 25 mm 100
PC04025NL 0.4 μm, black 25 mm 100
PC04047TL 0.4 μm, translucent 47 mm 100
PC04047NL 0.4 μm, black 47 mm 100
PC04047TLX 0.4 μm, translucent, for AOX 47 mm 100
PC30047TL 3.0 μm, translucent 47 mm 100
PC50047TL 5.0 μm, translucent 47 mm 100
PC80047TL 8.0 μm, translucent 47 mm 100
PC100047TL 10.0 μm, translucent 47 mm 100
Other membrane types like PET and PI, other pore sizes, diameters, design and pack sizes are available on request.
Please contact our sales office for information on order size and lead time.
Ref
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