National University of MongoliaSchool of Science

School of Natural Science

Topic: Conservation of rare and endangered species of Mongolia

Chantsalmaa.NKhulan.E

Daritsogzol.N

Outline

• Asiatic wild ass. Equus hemionus Pallas• Wild mountain sheep. Ovis ammon Linneaus• Snow Leopard• Rare animals Lynx. Eurasian lynx • Ermine weasel. Mustela nivilis Linnaeus• Vocabulary • Research

Asiatic wild ass. Equus hemionus PallasIt is named wild donkey in the world. Mongol depend on khulan is dence hoofed, tribe of horse. With a narrow high stature, short tail, thin short upright mane, and without a forelock brank, big head, appearance is usually fallow light bay, light colored yellowish brown, with a black stripe from withers until the root of tail.Do not whicker as a horse, but emit a sound as donkey. Body long is 2m, fin long is 125cm and gregarious. They are spread in eastern part of Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Umnugobi, Dornogobi, and Khovd provinces in Great Gobi protected area. Usually feed a multirooted plants are saxual. They pasture from dawn until dark and constant drink water. Good in respect olfactory organ, vision, and hearing. Beginning is rut in July, August. They gestate gravidity during about 11 month, and deliver calf middle in April. Main enemy is wolves. Wild male ass break out during take under the chest own calf, snap of calf’s tuft of hair, withers and push chest. If fall off wolves taking young calves. Female ass want to save fallen off calf but stallion disagree of them chase from own pack. Usually herd together 2-10, over 100 in spring. Further more another warning is when began grow old pack of stallion. In one night, younger stallion is come gallop and occupy. Then younger stallion is kneeling, until become a knob kick with both hind legs. In addition, younger stallion is hew, kill in order every calves which comply with own mother. This is haven’t behavior in animal earth. Reason of their had decreased illegal hunting increasing number of livestock grazing but as a result of Great Gobi protection area take inn own protection increase in last year. Probably other Mongolia and China country’s wild ass haven’t 5000. Therefore, Mongolia is motherland of them and important country in the world. 1979s wild ass breaks free from Great Lakes Depression and become live in main part of Gobi. Showing a tendency increase but illegal hunting is gain granting under the pretext of tramples pasture. This is having been becoming worried problem.

Wild mountain sheep. Ovis ammon Linneaus• Wild mountain sheep is as known Altai mountain sheep or wild

sheep. It is more than different other species. This is considered one most macro soma. Altai wild sheep feed not well a nutritional value of plants and course grained.

• Feature is commensurate with but cold air but not hardly warm. With a narrow extremities and high stature so can speed along at up to 60 miles per hour, in case of expelled from wolf accelerating capacity by a margin of 15 miles isn’t outpaced.

• They have liking for live a relative and flat land. Currently distributed Mongol Altai mountains in Tonkil soum range of Ugalziin /it means male wild sheep/, Huvchiin, Tugrug soum mountains of Tsagaan khairhan, Ulaankhairhan, Del tsahir, range of Salkhitiin, Bugat soum’s Bus khairkhan, Alag khairhan, range of Takhiin, Huvchii, Aj Bogd in Altai soum, Burhan buudai mountain in Erdene soum, in soums are Delger, Biger range of Khangai. In Altai Mountains, they settle down above until 3500m. Follow the snow, open water, plants when they change pasture nearby or far depend on seasons. Wild sheep similar to constitonal type sheep but by adapted natural state, they become a long narrow legs, light sparceparce hair, short small tail. Male sheep is named ugalz, but female is argali. Middleweight is 200 kg, part of chest high is above 120cm, and horn long is 160-180cm.

• Appearance is changeable depend on territorial state but generally pinkish brown, and brown. Appearance is a lightly brown in winter and spring. Main enemy is snow leopard, dies a lof of for reasons of zud in spring and winter.

Snow Leopard• Snow leopard is strenuos big cat. Body long is 135cm,

fin high id 60cm, tail long is 90cm, weight is 45kg. Female is smaller than male. Extremity is short, claw’s palm sole is wide, big, with long, hidden nail and body is lanky. Head is small, ears are short. Eyes are big, pupil is circle. Appearance is with 6-8 crossbar roundish spot on the blond tawny background, variegated. Without spot on abdomen. With small dense black spots part of head and forehead. Very rare animal and following pasture wild sheep. Snow leopard is spreading high mountains of 14 countries, including the Altai, Soyon, Tenger, Pamir, Tibet, and Himalayan Ranges in Central Asia. However, they spread in Altai, Gobi-Altai, and Trans-Altai Gobi Mountains. In the mid-1970, there were 700 Snow Leopards in Mongolia, and 2000 by the middle of 1980’s. In 1995, there were 1700 in 107 districts of 10 Provinces, an area of 160 000 km2. Density of 0.8/100km2. Due to a decline in the prey population, they sometimes attack livestock. This is increasing, resulting in greater hunting pressure 130-170 are hunted illegally each year. Hunting prohibited since 1972.6.2 million ha of habitat is within Protected Areas in the Mongol Altai, Khangai Range, and Gobi-Altai. Included in the Mongolian Red Book (1987) and Appendix I, CITES.

Rare animalsLynx. Eurasian lynx • Lynx is furred wild animal and spread in forest

and rocky mountain in our country. Body long is 80-90 cm; weight is 20-30 kg. Molting is begin in April, fur and derma is completed October from November. Rut is beginning in March, April, delivered 2-3, sometimes 5 cubs/noguul Mongolian,/ makes a nest in tunnel of tree or rock in May, June. After 2 weeks cub is open eyes, suck own mother during 2-3 month. They are usually feds small gnawers, birds, squirrel, gopher, chipmunk, a big young antelope, musk deer, gazelle, small spotted deer etc. In addition, have relaxes a hole of tree or chasm of rock in daytime. Change their location less which condition of food and climate. They are located following the forest small animals, small spotted deer where valley in other seasons. Lynx lynx is encounters in back and front side of slope, valley range of Edren, Shar Khulst, and Tsagaan Ders spirit in the Great Gobi strictly protected area A part, Khundlun Mountain in B part.

Ermine weasel. Mustela nivilis Linnaeus• Long is 15-8 cm, tall is 11-20 cm of

male and 2-8 cm of female, weight is 40-250 gr. Appearance is clarity white in winter. Become a brown dark brown layer of by back, body in summer. Abdomen is white tawny. Body is small, tail is short thanermine mustela. Without black hair of tail. This is occurring in province but less. They are usually fed mouse, gopher, small birds and animal offal in morning, evening, at night. Become rut is from May to June, August to September in year. This is occurring rare where ermine mustela plentiful place. This is animal for skin and fur useful, deleted gnawer effect harm for agriculture.

Steppe polecat. Musela eversmanni

• This animal is widespread in steppe. Long is 50 cm, female is 25-46 cm, tail is 18 cm, weight is 800 -1800 gr. Spread in steppe, steppe desert zone. Polecat is occur comparative lot of in Tugrug, Tonkhil, Bayan-Uul, Taishir soums. Located plentiful of gnawer steppe, hills, and lived in hole.

• Get in and exit brim is formed circle of hole, diameter 10-12 cm. Their fed is mouse, gopher etc gnawer animals. Begin rut is in spring. Mate is getting an embryo over 37 days and delivered 6-10 cubs in May. Male polecat has helped, grows up cubs, and has study hunting, accustomed food of animal origin. It has been advent maturity a fur in may of them. A useful animal deleted a nicked gnawer. In addition, it has with a high quality skin animal.

• Conservation projects and programs have been implemented in Mongolia for protection and conservation of rare and endangered species since the start of 1990s. Thanks to these efforts, many different species of wildlife have been saved.• One of such conservation project is Snow Leopard Conservation Project

implemented in Altai Sayan region.• Multiple parties including the WWF Mongolia Program Office, Irbis

Center of Mongolia, Ministry of Nature and Environment and the UNDP have been undertaking conservation measures of various duration: from shorter to longer term projects. • According the latest census data, there are 700-1500 heads of snow

leopards residing on the territory of Mongolia. This demonstrates that up to 13-22% of the total global population of snow leopards are distributed in high mountains of western and southwestern Mongolia.

• This public awareness survey was conducted for meeting double purposes: 1. to assess the extent of snow leopard poaching and illegal trade in its fur and body parts, and 2. assess the level of knowledge and awareness of local upgrading the conservation and awareness raising activities for snow leopard conservation. • The survey sites included areas with snow leopard habitats in Bayan-

Olgii, Khovd, Uvs, Gobi-Altai and Bayankhongor provinces.• Nevertheless, for any conservation project, a provision sustainable

use and management of natural resource is usually conceptualized into the project framework. With this overarching goal, the snow leopard conservation projects aim for elimination of direct and indirect threats to snow leopard population.

Vocabulary

• CITES- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species- Зэрлэг амьтан ба ургамлын аймгийн ховордсон зүйлийг олон улсын хэмжээнд худалдаалах тухай конвенци• UNDP- United Nations Development Program- Нэгдсэн Үндэсний

Байгууллага• MNE- Ministry of Nature and Environment- Байгаль орчны яам• WWF- World Wildlife Fund for Nature- Дэлхйин байгаль хамгаалах

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Research

• WWF Mongolia., WILDLIFE BULLETIN., Issue2: Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia)., Ulaanbaatar 2006• Undarmaa.L ., Gobi-Altai Province ., Ulaanbaatar 2008• www.google.com pictures