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Symbolism in Islamic Architecture
Prof. Hisham MortadaDept of ArchitectureCollege of Environmental DesignKing Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi [email protected]
Islamic Culture and Symbols
Sources:
• The genesis of Islam
Islamic Culture and Symbols
Sources:
• Life and mission of Prophet Mohamed
Islamic Culture and Symbols
Sources:
• Legacies of ancient civilisations
Nature
• Source of beauty and contemplation• God is beautiful and He loves beauty
• light, water, plants, animals, heavenly bodies, etc.
Nature: Light
• a metaphor for revelation• Arches
Cordoba Mosque, Spain Telmesan Mosque, AlgeriaAlhambra, Spain Sultan Hassan II Mosque, Morocco
Nature: Light
• Arches
Zaitona Mosque, Tunis al-Azhar Mosque, Egypt
Nature: Light
• Arches
Shah Mosque, Iran Taj Mahel, India Sher Dor Madrasah in Samarkand - Uzbekistan
Nature: Light
• Arcades
Cordoba Mosque
Alhambra, Spain Asa’d Basha Khan, Damascus, Syriaal-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem
Nature: Light
• Arcades
Ibin Tolun Mosque, Cairoal-Azhar Mosque, Cairo Omar bin al-As Mosque, Cairo
Nature: Light
• Prisms
Oleg Sherfali Mosque, Edirne Bayazed Mosque, Istanbul
Nature: Light
• Muqarnas
Nature: Light
• Muqarnas
al-adliah School, Cairo
Sheikh Lotfallah Mosque, Isfahan, Iran
Shah Mosque, Isfahan, Iran
Nature: Light
• Tiles and Mirrors
al-bonanaya School, FezAlhambra Isfahan Mosque
Sheikh Lotfallah Mosque
Nature: Light
• Tiles and Mirrors
Telmesan mosque, AlgeriaSheikh Lotfallah Mosque
Nature: Water
• The source of living things and purification• It is the passage from the profane to the scared and from the real world to the transcendent world
al-qaraween Mosque, Fez
Nature: Water
Shah Mosque, Isfahan, Iran Umayyad Mosque, Damascus Sultan Hassan School, Cairoal-bonanaya School, Fez
Nature: Garden
• The Paradise on Earth
Savavid IranMogul India
Nature: Garden
• The Paradise on Earth
Taj Mahel, India al-Hamra, Spain
Nature: Garden
• The Paradise on Earth
Cordoba Mosque, Spain al-Dahabi House, CairoRonda, Spain
Nature: Trees
• They represent growth, unity, purity, magnificence, transcendence, and divine beauty
Umayyad Mosaic
Nature: Trees
Umayyad Mosque, Damascus
Nature: Trees
al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem Seljuk Mosaic, Afghanistan
Nature: Trees
Shah Mosque, Isfahan
Geometric Figures: Calligraphy
• The 99 names of God• The affirmation of Muslim faith• The Summary of the Muslim faith
Javari Palace, Saragossa, Spain
Cordoba Mosque, SpainAlhambra, SpainUmayyad Mosque, Damascus
Geometric Figures: Calligraphy
al-Qaraween Mosque, Fezal-Azhar Mosque, Cairo Johar Shah complex, Herat, Afghanistan
Color
• Colour symbolism in Islam follows a pattern that reputedly
goes back to Prophet’s time.
• All colours are respected, some feared or privileged.
• Green acquired special significance.
Color: Green
• Recognized as symbol of Islam and of Muslim dignitaries.
• It is a singe of renovation and vigour.
• It conveys happiness and success.
• It denotes devotion to Islamic dogma.
• It symbolizes hope for peace.
al-Qirawan Mosque, Fez Alhambra, Spain Prophet’s Mosque, Medina, Saudi Arabia
Color: White
• It is a positive color
• It is the color of angels
• It is a metaphor for beauty and femininity
Badishahi Mosque, Lahore Shah Jehan Mosque, Tehta Aljamei Mosque, DelhiTaj Mahel
Colour: Blue
• It signifies the impenetrable depths of the universe
• The turquoise blue is thought to have mystical qualities
al-bonanaya School, Fez
Colour: Blue
Shah Mosque, Isfahan
Colour: Blue
Oleg Beck School, SamarkandJohar Shah complex, Heart, Afghanistan
Isfahan Mosque, Isfahan
Color: Red
• The color of life force
• It inspired poets and writers
Johar Shah Mosque, Mashhad, Iran
Colour: Red
• It is a symbol of fire and passion in Andalusian Flamenco dance
Symbolism in Islamic Architecture
Summary and Conclusion
• Though the Quran and Sunah (Prophet Mohamed’s tradition) did not signify any symbols for Muslim buildings, various symbols featured Islamic architecture throughout history. These symbols are represented in natural elements such as light, water and plants, as well as geometric figures and color.
Thank you for listening!
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