An IntroductionPhotography is a broad subject that eventually boils down to a mixture of art and science.

How to take a pictureCompose and Expose

Expose: This is the scientific and mechanical bit where you expose your film to light through the lens of your camera and if you are lucky preserve the image for posterity.We compose first and expose second that is the rule.

Compose: This is the creative or artistic bit where you arrange all of the elements of your picture within the frame or viewfinder to produce what should hopefully be a pleasing composition.

BEGINNINGS OF PHOTOGRAPHY

Sir John Herschel, was the first person who used the term “Photography” in 1839, the year the photographic process became public.

There are two distinct scientific processes that combine to make photography possible.

• The first of these processes was optical. The Camera Obscura (dark room) had been in existence for at least four hundred years.

• The second process was chemical. For hundreds of years before photography was invented, people had been aware, for example, that some colours are bleached in the sun, but they had made little distinction between heat, air and light.

The first successful picture was produced in 1827 by Niépce, using material that hardened on exposure to light. This picture required an exposure of eight hours.

Essentially a camera is just a light tight box with a small hole in it. The sort of camera we are going to look at is the 'modern' 35mm SLR (Single lens reflex).

1. Film winder2. Shutter Speed Dial3. Flash Hot-shoe4. Focusing ring5. Film Rewind Crank6. Film Speed Dial7. Flash Sync Socket8. Lens9. Depth of Field Preview10. Self Timer/Exposure Lock11. Aperture Ring12. Shutter Release

THE CAMERA

Additionally there may be other knobs and buttons on your camera which could prove useful.Self timerExposure lock Multiple exposure switchExposure compensation dialMirror lock upOn/Off switch

Aperture and f-numbersThe aperture is just a hole whose size can be varied to allow more or less light to pass through it. The size of apertures are expressed in f-numbers. The range of f-numbers follows a standard sequence with each f-number being half as bright, passing half as much light, as the previous one. A typical aperture range may look like this:f 1.4;  f 2;  f 2.8;  f 4;  f5.6;  f 8;  f 11;  f 16;  f 22;  f 32The smaller the f-number is then the larger the aperture is and the more light it will pass.Shutter and Shutter SpeedsThe shutter prevents light from reaching the film until the moment of exposure, when it opens for a predetermined time allowing light passing through the lens aperture to reach the film. Unlike the aperture, which is always in an open position the shutter is always closed. Like the aperture, shutter values or 'speeds' follow a standard sequence with each one being half that of the next. A typical shutter speed range may look like this:

f-32 1/8th of a secondf-22 1/15th of a secondf-16 1/30th of a secondf-11 1/60th of a secondf-8 1/125th of a

secondf-5.6 1/250th of a

secondf-4 1/500th of a

secondf-2.8 1/1000th of a

secondf-2 1/2000th of a

second

EXPOSURE

1sec 1/2sec 1/4th 1/8th 1/15th 1/30th 1/60th 1/125th 1/250th 1/500th 1/1000th 1/2000th

• Macro 150mm F2.8 EX DG

• Wide angle-zoom 8-16mm F4-5.6 DC HSM

• Tele-zoom 300-800mm F5.6 EX

• Circular Fisheye 4.5mm F2.8 EX DC

• AF 2X Tele-converter

LENSES

LENS VIEWS

Different lenses, same camera position

Different lenses, camera position adjusted

Flash

Close-up Speedlight

ACCESSORIES

Tripod1.     Pan-handle2.     Elevator (Center column)3.     Crank handle4.     Body5.     Leg rib6.     Leg assembly7.     Guide pipe8.     Brace arm9.     Arm guide10.  Leg locking lever11.  Leg tip (rubber foot)

Pan head1.     Pan-handle2.     Elevator (Center column)12.   Video boss (Retractable)13.   Camera screw14.   Platform locking lever15.   Quick-release platform16.   Panning lock nut17.   Side tilt locking nut

TRIPOD

Color Conversion FiltersSunlight, daylight, incandescent, fluorescent, and other artificial light

sources all have color characteristics that vary significantly. Infrared FiltersVarious filters are used to reduce unwanted visible light. Total visible light

absorption, transmitting only infrared, can be useful. Prior testing is recommended.

Black & Gold Diffusion/FX® FiltersThese filters produce silky-smooth textures, even in tight close-ups without sacrificing image clarity. Each creates a diffused image that doesn't look like it's been shot through a filter.

Sepia FiltersThis special effect filter creates a warm, brown glow offering "turn of the century" nostalgia.

Filters gives us better images by adjusting the light variations.

Ultra Contrast FilterIt uses the surrounding ambient light, not just light in the image area, to evenly lighten shadows throughout.  Use it where contrast control is needed without any other effect.Multi-Coated UV filterUV filter cuts haze for sharper black and white prints and corrects the blues and violets in color prints. The multi-coated reduce reflection excess UV.

Wide Multi-Coated Circular Polarizing filterThe only filter that darken the sky in color photography without affecting color balance, polarizing filter cut out the glare from water and non-metallic surfaces.

FILTERS