E-mobility: TCO, LCA, Market, Technology (Batteries)

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E-mobility

The transition towards sustainable mobility Prof. Dr. ir. Joeri Van Mierlo Director of Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 2

25%

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 3 Joris Besseling

57% NOx – 25% PM


Jonathan C. Wheeler

1 Billion Euro’s per Day for import of Oil in Europe


Manon


Strong foundations

1979 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel

2014 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel

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Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Key assets

Sustainable logistics

Electric and hybrid vehicles Battery Innovation Centre

Urban mobility


Our expert tools

MAMCA©

LCA

ECC

Business Modelling

Consumer behaviour

VSP

Battery models

Power electronics

Big Data

LAMBIT

TRABAM

Location Analysis


Our infrastructure

Electric and hybrid vehicle test infrastructure

Power electronics and machine lab

Battery Innovation Centre infrastructure


Key data

40 years of expertise

140 projects over last 5 years

12 current EU Projects

18 nationalities

70 + team members

>4M€ M€ turnover


Network and Expertise Organizations

VLW

Brussels Regional Mobility Commission

MOBI Asset


Partners

12

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Growth

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

4.000.000

4.500.000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Industry

IWT, Belspo, Innoviris, etc

EU

€

Over the past 5 years the group undertook •  21 EU projects, •  59 projects with the industry, •  and 61 projects funded by national organizations.


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Ongoing EU projects

E-mobility



Top 3 Barriers for EVs

Limited charging infrastructure

Limited driving range

High purchase cost


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Charging


Infrastructure needs Where is your car during one week?

Home Work

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 21 Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology 22

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

Vlaanderen Walonië Brussel

Garage en parking gelegenheden in België

% aantal gebouwen met garage, parking of overdekte staanplaats / aantal gebouwen

% aantal gebouwen met garage, parking of overdekte staanplaats / aantal woongelegenheden

Bron: FOD Economie

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology 23

Intelligent roll-out of infrastructure

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

Charging Infrastructure Location Fast Chargers

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How Green are Clean vehicles?

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Real life emissions (exhaust/non-‐‑exhaust/non regulated)

M. Messagie- VUB 27

Real-‐‑time emissions of full supply chain of electricity generation

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Extensive Bill-‐‑of-‐‑Materials of all components


Life Cycle Assessment

Raw materials

Production of components

Assembly and distribiution

Waste

Raw materials

Refining and transport

Distribution

Usage


Ozone formation

Elementary flows

Midpoint impacts

Endpoint Damages

Climate change

Acidification

Eutrophication Fossil fuel depletion

PM formation Land use

Human toxicity

Radiation Eco toxicity

Ozone depletion

CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, … and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)

Human health Ecosystem

Resource availability

Single score

Mineral depletion

Water use

Inventory model

Raw materials Production of components


Waste

Raw materials Refining and production

Distribution

Usage

WTT Maintenance

Production

TTW

Road infrastructure 30

FU: 209,470 km (14.1 years, 14,856 km/yr)

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Climate change

Messagie, Maarten; Boureima, Faycal-Siddikou; Coosemans, Thierry; Macharis, Cathy; Van Mierlo, Joeri (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 1467-1482


Ozone formation

Elementary flows

Midpoint impacts

Climate change

Acidification

Eutrophication Fossil fuel depletion

PM formation Land use

Human toxicity

Radiation Eco toxicity

Ozone depletion

CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, … and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)

Mineral depletion

Water use

Inventory model

Raw materials Production of components


Waste

Raw materials Refining and production

Distribution

Usage

WTT Maintenance

Production

TTW

Road infrastructure

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Single score

33 http://www.demorgen.be/wetenschap/positieve-effecten-elektrische-auto-op-

luchtkwaliteit-overschat-b003bdaf/ Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 34

Air quality in Belgium

"ʺThe most detailed analysis of human health impact of Electric Vehicles”: hDp://mobi.vub.ac.be/mobi/news/the-‐‑most-‐‑detailed-‐‑analysis-‐‑of-‐‑human-‐‑health-‐‑impact-‐‑of-‐‑electric-‐‑vehicles-‐‑by-‐‑mobi/ (English)

-‐‑Compositie van slijtage van banden en remschijven -‐‑Verspreiding, opname en schade van de toxische stoffen -‐‑Real-‐‑life emissies -‐‑incl. Non-‐‑regulated emissies

Refinery-to-tank (RTT)

Tank-to-Wheel (TTW)

Non-Exhaust (NEx)

M. Messagie- VUB 35

Supply chain risks Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

Vehicle database

Parameterized LCI model

Monte Carlo assessment

Vehicle segmentation

Data fitting

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

0,12

970

1035.4

1100.8

1166.2

1231.6

1297

1362.4

1427.8

1493.2

Density

Weight [kg]

Parameterized vehicle-LCA model

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Single score

Messagie, M., et.al.. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 1467-1482



Influence of the electricity mix

Ref: Messagie, M., et.al. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES

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How affordable are Clean Vehicles?


TCO methodology


Passenger cars – medium cars

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Passenger cars – medium cars - subsidy


Passenger cars – premium cars


Company cars – medium cars


Company cars – premium cars

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 49 Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

Electrification: 1 mln. additional jobs in 2030 in EU 2 mln. additional jobs in 2050 in EU

50 Source: Fuelling EUROPE’S Future, 2013

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Fun to drive and …. J


Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo Phone +32 2 629 28 03 Email [email protected] Office Building Z (ZE109)

Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels mobi.vub.ac.be twitter.com/MOBI_VUB

Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Research centre Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Pag.

End of Oil (video)

53 J. Van Mierlo - VUB