1. CBEB 2105 BUSINESS RESEARCH FINAL GROUP ASSIGNMENT
2. QUESTION 1 Perform frequency distribution with chart for the
following variables and discuss the results a)Sex b)Readership of
newspaper c) Race d) Credit card 3. a)Sex Missing data = 4 Female =
46.4% Male = 52.8% 4. b)Readership of newspaper 5. c) Race d)
Credit card 6. Run mean, median, mode, range,stan dard deviation,
variances, skewness and kurtosis for age & TOTSATL, Discuss the
result. QUESTION 2 7. Statistics Your age TOTSATL N Valid 500 500
Missing 0 0 Mean 26.32 4.2188 Median 25.00 4.2361 Mode 25 4.70 Std.
Deviation 7.038 .65418 Variance 49.532 .428 Skewness 1.160 -.464
Std. Error of Skewness .109 .109 Kurtosis 3.665 .062 Std. Error of
Kurtosis .218 .218 Range 55 3.91 Mean > Median > Mode
Positive Skewness Mean < Median < Mode Negative Skewness 8.
Positively Skewed Negatively Skewed 9. QUESTION 3 Assess the
reliability of the following: Satisfaction in life. Moral standards
scale. Religious inclination. Can the reliability of the scale be
improved? 10. Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted
Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted SAT01 38.55 34.884 .506 .728 SAT02
37.79 38.773 .385 .746 SAT03 38.17 34.556 .463 .735 SAT04 38.12
35.977 .457 .735 SAT05 38.33 35.979 .423 .740 SAT06 38.10 37.784
.392 .745 SAT07 37.85 37.476 .421 .741 SAT08 38.35 35.734 .344 .756
SAT09 38.17 36.238 .528 .728 SAT10 37.32 38.581 .362 .748 Alphas
above 0.7 indicated the reliability of the test is considered ok.
In this case, the obtained alpha score is 0.760 which indicates
that the scale has high internal consistency reliability. As in
this case, if we deleted these items, then it will reduce the
Alphas to less than 0.76. Therefore, I would suggest not to
removing any items because they are good items. SATISFACTION IN
LIFE Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .760 10 11.
MORAL STANDARDSItem-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted
Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted A04 31.13 19.997 .493 .551 A14
30.98 19.944 .575 .536 A15 32.01 24.849 -.033 .698 A31 30.89 21.726
.327 .596 A33 31.13 19.997 .493 .551 A38 30.98 19.944 .575 .536 A42
30.97 20.991 .309 .600 A43 30.88 21.748 .129 .670 In this case, the
obtained alpha score is 0.628. Based on the above result, it shows
that the reliability goes up to 0.698 and 0.67 after we deleting
item A15 and item A43 respectively; therefore we need to delete
these two items Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.628 8 12. Below show the TOTMORAL reliability scale after we
deleted item A15 and A43 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N
of Items .757 6 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted
Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted A04 22.88 14.092 .564 .703 A14
22.74 14.295 .620 .691 A31 22.64 15.753 .369 .754 A33 22.88 14.092
.564 .703 A38 22.74 14.295 .620 .691 A42 22.72 15.403 .309 .779
Based on the result above, we can see that the TOTMORAL Alpha will
increase to 0.757 when we excluded the item A15 and A43. 13.
RELIGIOUS INCLINATION Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of
Items .777 3 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale
Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted A08 9.16 4.183 .324 1.000 A19 9.25
2.986 .798 .489 A30 9.25 2.986 .798 .489 In this case, the obtained
alpha score is 0.628. Based on the above result, it shows that the
reliability goes up to 1.00 after deleting item A08; However, I
would suggest not to removing this item even though it improves
Alpha, because only 2 items is not much of a composite. If we were
analyzing many items then it would be more appropriate to exclude
this item. Besides, the result above also show that the reliability
will goes down after deleting item A19 and A30. Therefore, we
should not delete this good item. 14. QUESTION 4 Perform the
relation analysis on the following variable: Satisfaction in life
(TOTSAT) Moral standard (TOTMORAL) Religious inclination
(TOTRELIGION) Discuss the result. 15. Correlations 16. Relationship
between Variables SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP DIRECTION STRENGTH
TOTSAT & TOTMORAL YES DIRECT STRONG TOTSAT & TOTRELIGION
YES DIRECT STRONG TOTSAT & age NO DIRECT WEAK TOTMORAL &
TOTRELIGION YES DIRECT STRONG TOTMORAL & age NO INDIRECT WEAK
TOTRELIGION & age NO INDIRECT WEAK 17. QUESTION 5 Cross
tabulate ethnic groups (RACE1) with satisfaction in life groups
(TOTSAT1). Is there a relationship between races and satisfaction
on life? Discuss the result. 18. a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected
count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 23.36. There is a
significant relationship between Races 19. [ X2 = 18.474, df = 4, p
< 0.005] The relationship between ethnic groups and satisfaction
in life group could not have occurred by chance factors alone 20.
Cross tabulate ethnic groups (race1) with all newspapers. Is there
a relationship between races and newspaper readership? QUESTION 6 :
21. Ethnic group*New Straits Time Crosstab New Straits time Total
Yes No ethnic group Malay Count 104 150 254 % within ethnic group
40.9% 59.1% 100.0 % % within New Straits time 44.1% 58.8% 51.7 % %
of Total 21.2% 30.5% 51.7 % Chinese Count 85 73 158 % within ethnic
group 53.8% 46.2% 100.0 % % within New Straits time 36.0% 28.6%
32.2 % % of Total 17.3% 14.9% 32.2 % indian & others Count 47
32 79 % within ethnic group 59.5% 40.5% 100.0 % % within New
Straits time 19.9% 12.5% 16.1 % % of Total 9.6% 6.5% 16.1 % Total
Count 236 55 491 % within ethnic group 48.1% 51.9% 100.0 % % within
New Straits time 100.0% 100.0% 100.0 % % of Total 48.1% 51.9% 100.0
% Most ethnic who reads the New Straits Times (NST) within races :
Malay (44.1%) followed by Chinese (36%) Most ethnic who did not
read New Straits Times (NST) within races : Also Malay constribute
the highest percentageNew Strait Times 22. Pearson chi-square value
is 11.372 These results shows that there is statistically
significant relationship between the type of race and reading New
Straits Time (p = 0.003). Since the p-value is less than 0.05, so
we reject the null hypothesis Conclude, there is relationship
between race1 and NST newspaper Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp.
Sig. (2- sided) Pearson Chi-Square 11.372a 2 .003 Likelihood Ratio
11.419 2 .003 Linear-by-Linear Association 10.860 1 .001 N of Valid
Cases 491 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 37.97. Chi-Square Test for New Strait
Times newspaper 23. Ethnic group*The Star Crosstab The Star Total
Yes No ethnic group Malay Count 86 169 255 % within ethnic group
33.7% 66.3% 100.0% % within The Star 38.9% 62.4% 51.8% % of Total
17.5% 34.3% 51.8% Chinese Count 87 71 158 % within ethnic group
55.1% 44.9% 100.0% % within The Star 39.4% 26.2% 32.1% % of Total
17.7% 14.4% 32.1% Indian & others Count 48 31 79 % within
ethnic group 60.8% 39.2% 100.0% % within The Star 21.7% 11.4% 16.1%
% of Total 9.8% 6.3% 16.1% Total Count 221 271 492 % within ethnic
group 44.9% 55.1% 100.0% % within The Star 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% %
of Total 44.9% 55.1% 100.0% Most ethnic who prefer reads the The
Star within races : Chinese (39.4%) Most ethnic who did not prefer
read The Star within races : Malay (62.4%) The Star 24. Chi-Square
Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 27.497a 2
.000 Likelihood Ratio 27.734 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association
25.086 1 .000 N of Valid Cases 492 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected
count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 35.49. Pearson
chi-square value is 27.497 These results shows that there is
statistically significant relationship between the type of race and
reading The Star (p = 0). Since the p-value is less than 0.05, so
we reject the null hypothesis Conclude, there is relationship
between race1 and The Star newspaper Chi-Square Test for The Star
newspaper 25. Ethnic group*Utusan Malaysia Crosstab Utusan malaysia
Total Yes No ethnic group malay Count 191 64 255 % within ethnic
group 74.9% 25.1% 100.0% % within Utusan malaysia 78.9% 25.6% 51.8%
% of Total 38.8% 13.0% 51.8% chinese Count 17 141 158 % within
ethnic group 10.8% 89.2% 100.0% % within Utusan malaysia 7.0% 56.4%
32.1% % of Total 3.5% 28.7% 32.1% indian & others Count 34 45
79 % within ethnic group 43.0% 57.0% 100.0% % within Utusan
malaysia 14.0% 18.0% 16.1% % of Total 6.9% 9.1% 16.1% Total Count
242 250 492 % within ethnic group 49.2% 50.8% 100.0% % within
Utusan malaysia 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of Total 49.2% 50.8% 100.0%
Most ethnic who prefer reads the Utusan Malaysia within races :
Malay (78.9%) Most ethnic who did not prefer read Utusan Malaysia
within races : Chinese (56.4%) Utusan Malaysia 26. Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 162.012a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio 178.707 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 73.077
1 .000 N of Valid Cases 492 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count
less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.86. Chi-Square Test
for Utusan Malaysia newspaper Pearson chi-square value is 162.012
These results shows that there is statistically significant
relationship between the type of race and reading Utusan Malaysia
(p = 0). Since the p-value is less than 0.05, so we reject the null
hypothesis Conclude, there is relationship between race1 and Utusan
Malaysia newspaper 27. Ethnic group*Berita Harian Crosstab Berita
Harian Total Yes No ethnic group malay Count 188 67 255 % within
ethnic group 73.7% 26.3% 100.0% % within Berita Harian 77.7% 26.8%
51.8% % of Total 38.2% 13.6% 51.8% chinese Count 31 127 158 %
within ethnic group 19.6% 80.4% 100.0% % within Berita Harian 12.8%
50.8% 32.1% % of Total 6.3% 25.8% 32.1% indian & others Count
23 56 79 % within ethnic group 29.1% 70.9% 100.0% % within Berita
Harian 9.5% 22.4% 16.1% % of Total 4.7% 11.4% 16.1% Total Count 242
250 492 % within ethnic group 49.2% 50.8% 100.0% % within Berita
Harian 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of Total 49.2% 50.8% 100.0% Most
ethnic who prefer reads Berita Harian within races : Malay (77.7%)
Most ethnic who did not prefer read Berita Harian within races :
Chinese (50.8%) Berita Harian 28. Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp.
Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 129.434a 2 .000 Likelihood Ratio
136.463 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 90.621 1 .000 N of
Valid Cases 492 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5.
The minimum expected count is 38.86. Chi-Square Test for Berita
Harian newspaper Pearson chi-square value is 129.434 These results
shows that there is statistically significant relationship between
the type of race and reading Berita Harian (p = 0). Since the
p-value is less than 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis
Conclude, there is relationship between race1 and Berita Harian
newspaper 29. Malay races are more prefer to Utusan Malaysia and
Berita Harian, both of this newspaper are in Bahasa Melayu. Malay
language is their mother tongue Official language used daily is in
Malay Chinese races tend to read The Star Newspaper. Lingua franca
for Chinese while dealing with customers is in English To keep them
up-to-date with the latest news in the Star 30. QUESTION 7 Perform
some statistical tests to see sex differences with respect to all
the items in the satisfaction in life scale. Discuss the results.
31. 1)Sig p0.05, equal variances assumed Sig (2-tailed) p0.05, no
significant relationship, accept null hypothesis, reject
alternative hypothesis Money Friend s 32. 1)Sig p0.05, equal
variances assumed Sig (2-tailed) p0.05, no significant
relationship, accept null hypothesis, reject alternative hypothesis
Affair/ Romanc e Job Study 33. 1)Sig p0.05, equal variances assumed
Sig (2-tailed) p
