CULTURAL INTELLIGENCECULTURAL INTELLIGENCE

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CULTURAL SELF-AWARENESS

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Rese

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Cultural intelligence – Cultural intelligence – origin, definition, validityorigin, definition, validity

ValidityValidity::

Origin:

Definition:

“Why do some but not other individuals easily and effectively adapt their views and behaviours cross culturally.” (Van Dyne, Ang and Livermore 2010; cited in Ang, Van Dyne and Tan, 2011)

The relative ability of a person to adapt to novel cultural contexts.

CQ can be measured on a validated 20 item CQ scale. (Ang et al 2007)

The facets of cultural The facets of cultural intelligenceintelligence

Cognitive

Motivational

Behavioural

Culture shock:

/Head

/Heart

/Body

can arise when ‘we lack the knowledge, the lack of ability to adapt, the lack of willingness to adapt.’ (Flanja 2009 p.111)

(Earley and Ang 2003)

- Knowledge – culture specific

- Meta-cognition

(Earley and Mosakowski 2004)

Cultural Cultural self-self-awarenessawarenessUnderstanding that our own behaviour is, in large part, culturally derived. 

It allows us to recognise that the same is also true for others.

‘Some people are skillful at recognizing behaviours that are influenced by culture.’ (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006 p.41)

Cultural misunderstandings arise when we attempt to interpret the behaviour of others through our own cultural lens. (Quappe and Canatore 2005)

Cultural Cultural misunderstandingsmisunderstandings

Example 1

Example 2

Enhancing cultural Enhancing cultural intelligenceintelligence

‘‘People’s cultural intelligence can be increased with experience, People’s cultural intelligence can be increased with experience, practice and a positive attitude to life-long learning.’ practice and a positive attitude to life-long learning.’ (Brislin, Worthley and (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006 p.42)McNab 2006 p.42)

(Crowne 2008) Rehg,Grundlackh & Grigorian 2012

Using cultural intelligence

Example 1 Example 2

Some useful skills

• Suspend judgement (Triandis 2005)

• Expect misunderstandings (Brislin, Worthley & McNab 2006)

Key points to Key points to rememberremember

Cultural intelligence is a multi-faceted construct to explain the relative ability of some individuals to adapt with ease to novel cultural contexts.

It is widely agreed to encompass cognitive/metacognitive, motivational and behavioural skills.

Cultural self-awareness is a meta-cognitive skill that underlies and is fundamental to cultural intelligence.

Cultural intelligence is a valuable skill in our increasingly globalized world and ethnically diverse communities.

ReferenceReferences:s:Ang, S, Van Dyne, Koh, CKS, Ng, KY., Templer, KJ, Tay, C, & Chandrasekar, NA, 2007,. Ang, S, Van Dyne, Koh, CKS, Ng, KY., Templer, KJ, Tay, C, & Chandrasekar, NA, 2007,. ‘Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, ‘Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation, and task performance’’, cultural adaptation, and task performance’’, Management and Organization Review, vol. 3, Management and Organization Review, vol. 3, no.3, pp.35-37, viewed 13 September 2012, no.3, pp.35-37, viewed 13 September 2012, via Wiley Online Libraryvia Wiley Online LibraryAng, S, Van Dyne, L & Tan, ML, 2011, Cultural Intelligence, in Sternberg, RJ & Kaufman, SC Ang, S, Van Dyne, L & Tan, ML, 2011, Cultural Intelligence, in Sternberg, RJ & Kaufman, SC (Eds), Cambridge Handbook on Intelligence, pp.582-602, Cambridge, England: Cambridge (Eds), Cambridge Handbook on Intelligence, pp.582-602, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.University Press.Brislin, R, Worthley, R & McNab, B 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence: Understanding behaviours that Brislin, R, Worthley, R & McNab, B 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence: Understanding behaviours that serve people’s goals', serve people’s goals', Group and Organization ManagementGroup and Organization Management, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 40-55, viewed , vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 40-55, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications.12 September 2012, via Sage Publications.Crowne, KA, 2008, ‘What leads to cultural intelligence’, Crowne, KA, 2008, ‘What leads to cultural intelligence’, Business HorizonsBusiness Horizons, vol. 51, no.5, , vol. 51, no.5, pp.391-399, viewed 13 September 2012, via Sciencedirect.pp.391-399, viewed 13 September 2012, via Sciencedirect.Earley, P & Ang, S 2003, Earley, P & Ang, S 2003, Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures, Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures, Stanford University Press, Stanford, US, viewed 12 September 2012 via Google Books Stanford University Press, Stanford, US, viewed 12 September 2012 via Google Books Earley, PC & Mosakowski, E 2004, ‘Cultural intelligence’, Earley, PC & Mosakowski, E 2004, ‘Cultural intelligence’, Harvard Business ReviewHarvard Business Review, vol. , vol. 82,no. 10, pp. 139-146, viewed 12 September 2012, via Ebsco Host.82,no. 10, pp. 139-146, viewed 12 September 2012, via Ebsco Host.Flanja, D, 2009 ‘Culture shock in intercultural communication’, Flanja, D, 2009 ‘Culture shock in intercultural communication’, Studia Europae, Studia Europae, vol. 2009, no. vol. 2009, no. 4, pp4, pp. 107+. 107+, viewed 13 September 2012, viewed 13 September 2012, , via Academic OneFile. via Academic OneFile.

Rehg, MT, Gundlach, MJ & Grigorian, RA, 2012, ‘Examining the influence of cross-cultural Rehg, MT, Gundlach, MJ & Grigorian, RA, 2012, ‘Examining the influence of cross-cultural training on cultural intelligence and specific self-efficacy’, training on cultural intelligence and specific self-efficacy’, Cross Cultural ManagementCross Cultural Management, vol. , vol. 19, no.22, pp. 215 – 232, viewed 14 September 2012, via Emerald19, no.22, pp. 215 – 232, viewed 14 September 2012, via EmeraldTriandis, HC, 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence in organizations’, Triandis, HC, 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence in organizations’, Group and Organization Group and Organization ManagementManagement, vol. 31, no. 1, pp.20-26, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications. , vol. 31, no. 1, pp.20-26, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications. Quappe, S & Cantatore, G, 2005, ‘What is cultural intelligence, anyway? How do I build it?, Quappe, S & Cantatore, G, 2005, ‘What is cultural intelligence, anyway? How do I build it?, viewed 12 September,viewed 12 September, <http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/What%20is%20Cultural <http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/What%20is%20Cultural%20Awareness.pdf>%20Awareness.pdf>ImageImages:s:Slide 2: a.http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/oombulgurri-aborigines-were-delivered-into-temptation/story-fn9n8gph-1226446170747 viewed 10 September 2012 b.http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/dec/20/christmas-charity-appeal-magic-me, viewed 12 September 2012 c. http://www.examiner.com/article/christians-and-muslims, viewed 12 September 2012Slide 3: http://www.clipartsfree.net/clipart/9150-diamond-structure-clipart.html - viewed 10 September 2012Slide 4: http://blogpogo.com/money/when-reality-stares-back/, viewed 12 September 2012Slide 6: a. http://www.unhcr.org/496627094.html, viewed 11 September 2012 b. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/article2668257.ece viewed 16 September 2012