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Presented on 16 July 2013 at a Gamification Masterclass in Singapore. A brief history of gaming of all kinds, my personal history with videogames and 15 things we can learn and have learned from gamez. At least some of these "fine fifteen" should be a part of any game design, gamificiaton development or even online interactive content strategy.
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HOW GAMES HAVE HELPED MY LIFE … AND YOURS
Phillip Raskin 16 July 2013
Agenda
¨ Personal histories with gaming ¨ A short history of leisure, including games and gaming
¤ Humankind's ongoing need for relaxation, enjoyment
¨ What actually IS a game? ¨ What do we get from gaming?
¤ What are the reasons we game, and what are the benefits?
¨ What lessons do we learn from gaming? ¨ What's Next?
Who’s a Gamer Here?
¨ MMORPG WoW, Diablo, StarCraft, LoL ¨ Console XBOX, PS3, Wii ¨ PC/Mac Adventure, FPS, Strategy ¨ Device/Social Tablet, Phone, Facebook ¨ Sports Football, Rugby, Tennis ¨ Board You remember these, right? ¨ Physical/Skill Darts, Pool, Croquet ¨ Card/Tile Bridge, Mah Jongg ¨ Word/Puzzle Crossword, Sudoku ¨ Casino Good luck!
Me and Gamez
And …
Today …
Games/z throughout History
¨ Origins of gaming/leisure go back to at least 3000 BC (dice)
¨ Herodotus and the Kingdom of Lydia (TED Talk) ¨ Senet (3500 BC) ¨ 20 Squares (2600 BC) ¨ Go (200 BC) ¨ Backgammon (500-600 AD) ¨ Snakes and Ladders (1500 AD) ¨ Videogames (1947)
What Actually IS a Game?
¨ "A game is an activity among two or more independent decision-makers seeking to achieve their objectives in some limiting context.”
– Clark C. Abt, Serious Games, 1970
What Do We Get from Playing?
¨ Outlet for Competition ¨ Relaxation ¨ Release of Brain Chemicals (neocortex, BDNF,
cortisol, oxytocin, seratonin) ¨ Pass Time (“pastime”) ¨ Socialization ¨ Strategy/Thinking
What Gaming Teaches Us
1. Teamwork 2. Problem Solving and
Lateral Thinking 3. Rule Following 4. Rule Bending…and
Breaking 5. Cost/Benefit Analyses 6. Competition 7. Learning
8. Real World Issues and Problems
9. Stereotypes 10. Societal Dynamics 11. New Skills and Fields 12. Resource Management 13. Community 14. Compassion and
Empathy 15. Morality
1. Teamwork
¨ Many game goals require team approach ¨ Also require sacrifice or suspension of personal
goals for the good of the team ¨ Gamers often favor teamwork and will self-select
or choose other gamers with similar orientation ¤ And kick those who can’t hack it (downside)
¨ Cooperative teamwork involves strategy, communication, intuition and familiarity with the game and with each other (all stars)
1. Teamwork – L4D2
¨ “Forced” team – pushed to work as a group
¨ Sharing of responsibilities and resources crucial to survival
¨ Team dynamics and interactions
1. Teamwork – World of Warcraft
¨ Quests to level up played in groups
¨ Progress slower by yourself but possible
¨ Rule-breaking dynamics also at play
¨ Community and groups work together to balance out
2. Problem Solving/Lateral Thinking
¨ Game universe defined by choices and possibilities ¨ If it’s possible, it’s a solution
¤ Even if unintended by game designers (Matrix)
¨ Outcome can include how the game is solved ¨ Many games will require you to use tools and
options in secondary ways in order to move on ¨ Also true of battles – finding different weapons,
moves, tricks, options to defeat a more powerful character is half the fun
¨ Remember, Problem Solving = Creativity
2. Problem Solving
3. Rule Following
¨ Early childhood development – learning order ¨ Tutorial-based approach quite common ¨ Allowances for mistakes, faux pas, testing ¨ Sometimes instant feedback (AC, Infamous, Fable) ¨ Familiarity with the game world,
including an understanding of actions, consequences, options
4. Rule Bending (or Breaking)
¨ Tricks, gimmicks, workarounds ... all the way to outright cheats
¨ é é ê ê ç è ç è B A ¤ Kazuhisa Hashimoto (Gradius, 1985)
¨ Easter Eggs ¨ Hacks and developer modes ¨ Perversion or twisting of game environment, rules or
play for personal benefit (TRON, WoW deals) ¨ Basically, the same lesson from “Breaking Away” –
everybody cheats
5. Cost/Benefit Analyses
¨ RPG characteristics most common example ¤ Strong, Fast, Smart – pick two!
¨ Force players into choices
5. Cost/Benefit Analyses
¨ Good or evil? ¨ Impact of actions and in-game choices
¤ Bonus level or higher score more dangerous
¨ Timers, incentives, other factors ¨ Incorporates strategic approach to problem-solving ¨ Increases familiarity with decision-making,
particularly in situations with no clear-cut solutions ¤ “Gray area” experience
5. Cost/Benefit Analyses
6. Competition
¨ Understanding winning and losing are key components in human development and socialization
¨ More opportunities CAN equal more grace ¨ Many people relish the thrill of competition and
gaming can provide safe environment/outlet ¨ Competition sharpens our skills, thinking, ability to
handle situations more than practice ¤ No longer in caves; rarely in life-or-death situations
¨ Winning feels good; losing feels bad
6. Competition
7. Learning
¨ Gaming teaches us how to learn ¨ Through the combination of visual, physical, auditory
and mental input and stimuli, we are able to learn and remember combinations of action, thinking and strategy which would be harder on their own
¨ This model of learning – step-by-step – is used much more frequently with small children than with teens and adults
8. Real World Issues
8. Real World Issues
¨ Social ¨ Economic ¨ Environmental ¨ Business ¨ Political ¨ Historical ¨ Personal ¨ Psychological
9. Stereotypes
¨ Unfortunately true though slowly improving ¨ Games reflect game programmers and their
demographics, biases, backgrounds, opinions ¨ Race, gender, interactions – can be as elegant as a
great novel, or as base as a cheap movie – it all depends on the author
10. Societal Dynamics
¨ Do-gooders ¨ Cheaters ¨ Machiavellians ¨ In-betweens ¨ Miniature construct
of different societies and their behaviors
11. New Skills/Fields
Things I have never done until gaming: ¨ Flown aircraft (MS Flight Simulator) ¨ Fired a wide variety of weapons ¨ Ski jumped ¨ Played rugby or cricket ¨ Lived in the past ¨ Saved someone ¨ Killed someone
12. Resource Management
¨ “Budgeting” but in a game world ¨ Money but also things like food, medicine, supplies,
weapons, more ¤ Moral choices can also become involved
¨ Limitations create interest and also inspire resourcefulness, creativity, actions and surprises
13. Community
¨ WoW community boards ¨ Sense of obligation to
“the game” and a set of ethics, behaviours, ethos and orientations to match
¨ Ability to connect with wider set of people with common interests, much like Internet in general
14. Compassion and Empathy
14. Compassion and Empathy
¨ Often “helping” characters do something ¨ Depending on the level of gameplay, you can
develop empathy and even caring for characters ¨ Because of interaction and interactivity, the
emotional bonds can be much deeper than in more passive media like books or movies ¤ The involvement in and control of actions and results,
even tangentially, greatly increases our commitments
15. Morality
¨ Sense of overall ethics and behaviours ¨ Important especially for kids but also jaded adults
in the business world ¨ There is cost/benefit, but there are also deeper
questions, deeper thoughts, deeper results here
15. Morality
In Conclusion
¨ Games/z can teach us almost all of the things we need to know in life, both good and bad
¨ These are the real reasons we play games ¨ These are the real POWER of games ¨ To design and develop good games, we need to
incorporate this thinking If we are to truly make something that will affect others
References
¨ A Theory of Fun (Koster) ¨ Gaming: A Book of Lenses (Schell) ¨ Serious Games (Ort) ¨ Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals (Salen) ¨ TED Talks
¤ Jane McGonigal ¤ Daphne Bavelier ¤ Tom Chatfield
