Communication

Definitions of Communication

• Communication is a process where people (communicator) sending stimulus in purpose to change or to make behaviour of other people (Hovland, Janis & Kelley,1953 ).

• Communication is a process sending information, idea, emotion, ability, etc. By using symbols such as words, pictures, numbers, etc (Berelson dan Stainer, 1964 ).

Cont…• Communication basely is a process which explain who,

says what, in which channel, to whom, with what effect (Lasswell,1960).

• Communication is a process which make something which belong to one person become belong to 2 persons or more (Gode, 1959 ).

• The process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means--speech (oral communication), writing (written communication), signs, signals, or behavior.

The Communication Process

Types of Communication

• Mass Communication/ Public Speaking• Intrapersonal Communication• Interpersonal Communication

Mass Communication/ Public Communication

• Public communication is characterized by a speaker's sending a message to an audience. It may be direct, such as a face-to-face message delivered by a speaker to an audience, or indirect, such as a message relayed over radio or television."(R. Berko, et al., Communicating: A Social and Career Focus. Houghton, 2007)

Intrapersonal Communication

• Intrapersonal communication is communicating with yourself. It encompasses such activities as thought processing, personal decision making.• soliloquy

Interpersonal Communication

• Interpersonal communication refers to communication that takes place between two or more persons who establish a communicative relationship. Forms of interpersonal communication include face-to-face or mediated conversations, interviews, and small-group discussions.

Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication

• 1. Interpersonal communication is inescapable• The very attempt not to communicate

communicates something. Through not only words, but through tone of voice and through gesture, posture, facial expression, etc., we constantly communicate to those around us. Through these channels, we constantly receive communication from others. Even when you sleep, you communicate.

Cont…

2.Interpersonal communication is irreversibleYou can't really take back something once it has

been said. The effect must inevitably remain. A Russian proverb says, "Once a word goes out

of your mouth, you can never swallow it again."

Cont…

3. Interpersonal communication is complicatedTheorists note that whenever we communicate

there are really at least six "people" involved: 1) who you think you are; 2) who you think the other person is; 3 who you think the other person thinks you are; 4) who the other person thinks he/she is; 5) who the other person thinks you are; and 6) who the other person thinks you think s/he is.

Cont…

• 4. Interpersonal communication is contextual• Psychological context, which is who you are and what

you bring to the interaction. Your needs, desires, values, personality, etc., all form the psychological context.

• Relational context, which concerns your reactions to the other person--the "mix."

• Situational context deals with the psycho-social "where" you are communicating. An interaction that takes place in a classroom will be very different from one that takes place in a bar.

Cont…

• Environmental context deals with the physical "where" you are communicating. Furniture, location, noise level, temperature, season, time of day.

• Cultural context includes all the learned behaviors and rules that affect the interaction. If you come from a culture (foreign or within your own country) eye contact, ,owl, dog, shaking hand,

References

Bovee, C., & Thill, V. (2008). Business Communication Today (9th ed.). New Delhi, India: Pearson.

Thank You

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