JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

Overview of Training Session

The Need for Improved Safety Performance

Factors Contributing to Accidents

Fundamentals of Job Safety Analysis

JSA Exercise

AGENDA

Objectives

• Review accident causation model

• Introduce JSA and establish its role and

determine role in operations

• Provide basic hazard recognition skills

• JSA techniques to use

• Define Job Safety Analysis

Improve quality.Maintain a healthier work force. Reduce injury and illness rates. Increase acceptance of high-turnover jobs. Allow employees to feel good about their work. Reduce workers’ compensation costs. Assist with regulatory compliance

A JSA MAY:

National Safety Council Statistics

• An on the job fatal accident occurs on an average of each 90 minutes

• An on the job injury requiring professional medical treatment occurs each 5.2 seconds

• American employees lose over 100 Million days of productive work annaully due to on the job injuries

National Safety Council Statistics

• 50% of all on the job fatalities occur in companies of 100 employees or less

• 33% of all on the job fatalities occur in companies of 20 employees or less

National Safety Council Statistics--Economic Impact of Accidents on People and Business

Total Cost to US Economy= $122.6B

Average Cost per Death= $940,000

Average Cost per LT= $28,000

Average Cost per Employee= $910

Four Risk Management Pillars

Protect the Company’s employees

Protect the Company’s physical assets

Protect the Company’s customers

Protect the Company’s reputation

“It is estimated that in the United States, 97% of the money spent for medical care is directed toward treatment of an illness, injury or disability. Only 3% is spent on prevention.”

Self-help Manual for your BackH. Duane Saunders, MSPT

Basic Definitions

Definition:– Occupational Safety is…

• The control and elimination of recognized hazards in the workplace to attain an acceptable level of risk

– An incident is…• Any unplanned event that results in personal injury, damage to

property/equipment or environment, or an event that has the potential to result in such consequences

Key Prevention Strategies

• The key to incident prevention is anticipating possible incident causes and reducing or eliminating possible incident producing causes

• The key to incident investigation is to:– Get all the facts surrounding the incident– Determine the incident causes– Take appropriate steps to prevent another incident from

occurring

Potential ContributorsIncident Causation• The following factors may contribute to incident

causation

– Organizational culture– Management system– Unsafe behavior– Unsafe conditions– Non-work factors

Potential Incident Contributors

• Organizational Culture—”the way things are around here.”

– How can organizational culture contribute to an accident?

Potential Incident Contributors

• The Management System– Managers who say one thing and do another– Daily activities that differ from stated values and priorities– Basic management system

• Defined roles• Training to enable performance• Measures• Rewards

Potential Contributors—Unsafe Behaviors• Operating without

authority• Failure to warn others• Working at unsafe

speeds• Making safety devices

inoperative• Using unsafe equipment

• Using safe equipment unsafely

• Using unsafe postures• Working on

moving/energized equipment

• Horseplay• Failure to use PPE

Potential Contributors Unsafe Conditions• Improper guarding• Defective equipment• Inadequate or defective

warning devices or systems

• Hazardous arrangement or storage

• Improper illumination• Improper ventilation

The Purposes of Job Safety Analysis

To establish safe work methods for various jobs Recognize and identify hazards associate with various

jobs Provide a basis for consistent training Establish efficient work methods for various jobs

Determining Jobs to be Analyzed

Develop a list of occupations

Develop a list of jobs

(Create an index of jobs to be analyzed)

Determining Jobs to be Analyzed

Possible criteria to be considered:

Injury frequency associated with a particular job

Potential injury severity

Regularity of a particular job (or infrequency)

Changes in equipment or operations

Possible Criteria to be Considered

Environment Tools Equipment Materials Machinery Potential sources of injurious contact

Basic Steps of Conducting a JSA

Break the job down into steps or elements Determine potential incident causes or hazards Eliminate or reduce hazards Complete writing a job hazard analysis

Methods of Developing a JSA

Group discussion method

Supervisor and group that performs the job discuss the job hazards

Direct observation method

Supervisor or employee develops JSA by observing job being performed

STEP 1 - DETERMINING JOB CONDITIONS

SET THE EMPLOYEE TO BE OBSERVED AT EASE. POINT OUT THAT YOU ARE STUDYING THE JOB

NOT PERFORMANCE! INVOLVE THE EMPLOYEE IN THE ANALYSIS. SPEAK WITH CO-WORKERS. DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE JOB ON CO-

WORKERS. REVIEW ANTICIPATED RISK FACTORS REVIEW GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR PERFORMING

JOB.

STEP 2 - BREAKING DOWN THE JOB

LIST EACH STEP IN ORDER OF OCCURRENCE. RECORD EACH STEP OF JOB ACTION. GO OVER THE STEPS WITH THE EMPLOYEE. FINALIZE THE STEPS INVOLVED.

STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS

CAN CLOTHING OR JEWELRY GET CAUGHT? WHAT FIXED OBJECTS COULD CAUSE PUNCTURES? WHAT COULD THE WORKER GET CAUGHT “BETWEEN”? WHAT CAN THE WORKER GET CAUGHT IN, REACHING OVER,

UNDER, AROUND OR THROUGH ETC.? IS THE WORKER OFF-BALANCE AT ANY TIME?

STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS

ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHO & WHAT) QUESTIONS:

IS THE WORKER POSITIONED DANGEROUSLY? WHAT REPETITIVE MOTION INJURIES ARE LIKELY? WHAT MOVING PARTS COULD STRIKE THE WORKER? CAN THE WORKER FALL FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER? CAN THE WORKER BE INJURED FROM CARRYING HEAVY OBJECTS? WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS EXIST?

Continued

STEP 4 - EVALUATING THE HAZARDS

ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHY & HOW) QUESTIONS:

WHY ISN’T PPE SERVICEABLE? WHY IS PPE IMPROPERLY WORN? WHY DOESN’T PPE FIT PROPERLY? HOW CAN LOCKOUT PROCEDURES BE IMPROVED? WHY HAS PROPER TRAINING NOT BEEN CONDUCTED? CAN WORK FLOW BE ORGANIZED BETTER?

STEP 5 - PROTECTIVE MEASURES

DETERMINE IF THE JOB COULD BE PERFORMED IN

ANOTHER WAY TO REDUCE THE HAZARDS. LIST EACH SAFER JOB STEP OR PROTECTIVE

MEASURE. BE SPECIFIC! IF JOB HAZARDS ARE STILL PRESENT:

REDUCE NECESSITY. REDUCE FREQUENCY. CONSIDER JOB ROTATION.

How to Use Completed JSAs

New employee orientation Refresher training for seasoned employees Regulatory training Training for infrequent jobs Periodic safety meeting topics

Reviewing/Revising JSAs

Review on a scheduled basis to be certain that they remain current

Revise whenever changes occur to the job, equipment, or environment