Introduction to

CrossRef Webinar

Carol Anne Meyer Business Development &

Marketing

Why publishers join CrossRef

• To get persistent IDs for their content • To drive more traffic to their content • To turn their references into hyperlinks • To pull in cited-by links (what cites this?) • To participate in new collaborative services

From roadblock…to Easy, reliable navigation

Outline

• The DOI: what and why? • CrossRef overview and update • CrossRef system basics and reports • CrossRef DOIs in use • Cited-by linking

Broken links are a problem

“…a homing device for a journal article…”

Digital Object Identifier

What is a DOI?

Source: pasukaru76 from Flickr

It is alphanumeric a DOI?

It uniquely identifies content

It serves as a stable link to that content’s digital location

It looks like this:

DOI-enabled linking

DOI syntax

Now let’s make it actionable in a browser…

http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmpi.1995.0238

DOI suffixes must be

Unique within a prefix

DOI suffixes should be

• Consistent • Logical • Easily documented • Readily implemented

DOI suffixes may be

• Opaque • Meaningful

More information about DOI names

www.crossref.org/02publishers/doi-guidelines.pdf

• Coming soon: http://doi.crossref.org/10.xxxx/DOIsuffixgoeshere

• Current display guideline: doi:10.xxxx/DOIsuffixgoeshere

Display guidelines changing soon

International DOI Foundation

• Oversees central DOI System • Promotes DOI as a standard • Provides organizational infrastructure

that ensures persistence and interoperability

IDF Registration Agencies (RAs) •  European Union

Office of Publications •  TIB (Technische

Informationsbibliotek) •  R. R. Bowker •  Nielsen Bookdata

•  Copyright Agency Limited (CAL)

•  mEDRA •  Wanfang Data •  CrossRef

IDF Registration Agencies (RAs) •  European Union

Office of Publications •  TIB (Technische

Informationsbibliotek) •  R. R. Bowker •  Nielsen Bookdata

•  Copyright Agency Limited (CAL)

•  mEDRA •  Wanfang Data •  CrossRef

is the largest Registration Agency

Handle-DOI-CrossRef relationship

Handle general-purpose naming service

Requires customized solution

DOI organizational structure for persistence

CrossRef programmatic linking and discovery service

Easy for publisher to automate

•  DOIs for x-pub linking

•  Develops and maintains the DOI standard

•  Develops and maintains the Handle system upon which the DOI executes

CrossRef/DOI Community

● AB SVENSK PAPPERSTIDNING ● ACADEMY OF TRAUMATOLOGY ● ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA ● ACTA PRESS ● AGRICULTURAL HISTORY SOCIETY ● AHRC RESEARCH CENTRE ● AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION ● AIS EDUCATOR ASSOCIATION ● AKADEMIAI KIADO RT ● ALEXANDRINE PRESS ● ALLERTON PRESS ● ALPHAMED PRESS ● AMERICAN ACADEMY OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY ● AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS ● AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PERIODONTOLOGY ● AMERICAN ACCOUNTING ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH ● AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ● AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE (AAAS) (the publisher of SCIENCE) ● AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS (AAPG/DATAPAGES) ● AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS ● AMERICAN ASSOCIATION ON MENTAL RETARDATION ● AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE ● AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS) ● AMERICAN CLEFT PALATE ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CHEST PHYSICIANS ● AMERICAN COLLEGE OF MEDICAL PHYSICS (ACMP) ● AMERICAN COLLEGE OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE ● AMERICAN COLLEGE OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGISTS ● AMERICAN DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN DENTAL SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGY ● AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY ● AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION (AGU) ● AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS (AIAA) ● AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS (AIP) ● AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY ● AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ● AMERICAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY (AMS) ● AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY ● AMERICAN PEANUT RESEARCH AND EDUCATION SOCIETY ● AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY (APS) ● AMERICAN PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION (APTA) ● AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY ● AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING ● AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) ● AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN ROENTGEN RAY SOCIETY ● AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS ● AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS ● AMERICAN SCIENTIST ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (ASBMB) ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CELL BIOLOGY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (ASCI) ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL PATHOLOGY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL NEUROTHERAPEUTICS ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANDROLOGY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (ASCO) ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEALTH SYSTEM PHARMACISTS ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT BIOLOGISTS (ASPB) ● AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT TAXONOMISTS ● AMERICAN SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION ● AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY ● AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ● AMMONS SCIENTIFIC ● THE ANGLE ORTHODONTIST ● ANNALS OF FAMILY MEDICINE ● ANNUAL REVIEWS ● ARNOLD PUBLISHERS ● ASM INTERNATIONAL ● ASME INTERNATIONAL ● ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS ● ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY (ACM) ● ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN VISION AND OPHTHALMOLOGY (ARVO) ● ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION ● ASSOCIATION FOR VASCULAR ACCESS ● ASSOCIATION OF LEARNED AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY PUBLISHERS (ALPSP) ● ASTM INTERNATIONAL ● ATLANTIS PRESS ● AUSTRALIAN ACADEMIC PRESS ● AUSTRALIAN COMPUTER SOCIETY ● BAYWOOD PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. ● BC DECKER INC. ● BEECH TREE PUBLISHING ● BEGELL HOUSE ● BELLWETHER PUBLISHING ● BENTHAM SCIENCE ● BERGHAHN BOOKS ● BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS ● BIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES ONLINE ● BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. ● BIOONE ● BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY ● BIOSCIENTIFICA ● BLACKHORSE PUBLISHING ● BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP ● BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS ● BRITISH EDITORIAL SOCIETY OF BONE 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KG ● WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION ● WESTBURN PUBLISHERS LTD ● WILDERNESS MEDICAL SOCIETY ● WHO PRESS ● JOHN WILEY & SONS ● WHITE HORSE PRESS ● WITPRESS LTD. ● WOLTERS KLUWER HEALTH ● WOODHEAD PUBLISHING LTD. ● WORLD ADVERTISING RESEARCH CENTER ● THE WORLD BANK ● THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION (IUCN) ● WORLD SCIENTIFIC ●

to enable easy, reliable navigation throughout the research literature

Publishers collaborate on digital infrastructure for researchers

Celebrates its 10th year!

Photo: Judith Green

Mission

To enable easy identification and use of trustworthy electronic content by promoting the cooperative development and application of a sustainable infrastructure

Services

• Cross-publisher reference linking

• Cross-publisher cited-by linking

• Cross-publisher metadata feeds to third parties

• Cross-publisher plagiarism screening

Powered by iThenticate

Cross-publisher means…

• No need for bilateral negotiations between publishers, or between a third-party and individual publishers

Photo: Alexandra Lee

Provides an organizational foundation for widespread linking •  One agreement with

CrossRef is a linking agreement with all other CrossRef participants

•  Membership association for cooperative development of a digital linking infrastructure

Text

PUBLISHERS AND SOCIETIES 2,984 40 million

DOIS REGISTERED

JOURNAL TITLES 21,388

BOOKS 116,828

Content beyond journals…

• Books • Standards • Proceedings • Images • Figures • Datasets • Working papers • Dissertations

Photo by digicla

CrossRef Encourages Book Deposits

Linking 5 centuries of content Century # of DOIs deposited

17th 1,686 18th 4,200 19th 651,584 20th 20,804,031 21st 13,031,241

1665

membership

• STM • Humanities • Social science • Professional

membership

• CrossRef is “business-model neutral” – CrossRef links deliver the user to the provider’s front door and leave access control up to them

• Links deliver the user to the publisher’s front door. Access control is up to the publisher.

is “business-model neutral”

Photo: Tawheed Manzoor

membership

• Represents 36 countries

membership

• Commercial publishers • Academic societies • Other non-profits • University presses • Open access publishers •  Institutional repositories

Participation welcome!

Is a membership organization

Photo: James Duncan Davidson

Stay informed: get involved

• CrossRef Annual Meeting • CrossRef Board and Committees • Technical Working Group • CrossRef and CrossTech blogs • CrossRef Quarterly

Member Obligations

• Outbound reference linking • Deposit all current journal articles • Resolve CrossRef DOI conflicts • Update metadata and especially URLs • Do not publicize CrossRef DOIs until

links are live • Make plans for long term archiving

Fees: Annual Membership Annual Publishing Revenue Annual Fee < $1 million $275 $1 million-$5 million $550 $5 million-$10 million $1,650

$10 million-$25 million $3,900

$25 million-$50 million $8,300 $50 million-$100 million $14,000 $100 million-$200 million $22,000

$200 million-$500 million $33,000

>$500 million $50,000

One-Time Deposit Fees

Deposit Type Per-DOI Fee Current records (2008-2010)

$1.00

Book chapters and reference entries ≤ 250 per title

$0.25

Book chapters and reference entries > 250 per title

$0.15

Backfiles $0.15 Components, data records $.06 Journal Titles free

Also provides the technical infrastructure • The DOI for persistence • Integrates with the OpenURL • CrossRef & content visibility: When works

are registered in the CrossRef database, thousands of cross-linkers – publishers, scholars, intermediaries, and libraries – automatically pick up links to that content

CrossRef implementation

• Deposit DOIs and metadata to enable inbound linking – As soon as content is registered in CrossRef, it

becomes visible for linking by other participants • Create outbound links from references

by querying the CrossRef metadata database – Adds value by improving user experience

Enabling smaller publishers with non-XML alternatives: Web deposit option

• Manual DOI registration, for smaller publishers

• System builds XML deposit file

Simple-Text Query •  A freely available, non-XML

alternative for reference linking

•  A custom version of Inera’s eXtyles® refXpress parses unstructured references into granular, valid XML and returns any matching DOIs for those references

Simple-Text Query This facility is absolutely amazing, and must

have taken an awful lot of work to function as effectively as it does. !

The amount of parsing required to break down the references provided in a non-specific format I can appreciate is pretty staggering. !

Thank you so much for providing this text query, which makes finding large-ish quantities of references so much easier. It is brilliant work.!

-A user!

DOIs in use

DOIs for books at the title level

DOIs for entries/chapters in reference works

Reference linking

The formatted and linked citation is inserted at the cursor position.

Over 30 million DOI Clicks per month

0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

70,000,000

80,000,000

DOI Clicks

40 million CrossRef DOIs and counting

0

5,000,000

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What is it?

• A free tool that allows member publishers to retrieve and display links to “what cites this content”

Cited-by links Reference links

Why CrossRef cited-by is different

• CrossRef cited-by allows any member publisher, large or small, to retrieve cross-publisher cited-by information and implement a “what cites this” feature

Participation in CrossRef cited-by

• 106 member publishers participating • 7,691 journals cited so far • 72,997,442 cited-by links created to

date

How to participate

• Deposit your references - they can be cut&pasted via the STQ form

• Query for cited-by links and add them to your article homepages; keep up-to-date

Why add CrossRef Cited-by links?

• Enhances the reader experience – by making it possible to see and navigate to citing

works • Why not? – easy to include references within a normal XML

DOI deposit processor to use the STQ alternative • The more publishers participate, the more robust the service becomes

Why add CrossRef cited-by links?

• Gets CrossRef as a whole closer to fulfilling a key role: helping the academic publishing community track and preserve the scholarly citation record – And isn’t this something best done as a

community-wide endeavor, and not controlled by a commercial entity?

Thank you!

cmeyer@crossref.org