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A slide collection from earlier CCEA work, and its GEM predecessor, that related to the audience of these two groups that have interest in "ontology".
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Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
GEM Premise 1. Connection: A Fishing Net = Knots and Strings
• FACT: Every Thing is Directly Connected to Every Other Thing– David Bohm’s Implicate Order (2)– Bell’s Interconnection Theorem (2)– Aspect’s Non-Locality Laboratory Proof– Zero Point Field/Energy Mathematical Proofs (2) (3) (4)– Consciousness and Reality (2)
• The Readiness of People to Accept the Science of Connection Varies from Person to Person– Connection is the Basis for Our Physical Universe– Connection is the Basis for Cause and Effect phenomena– Connection is the basis for the “systems” and “object” engineering views
• Everyone mentally does architecture and ontology as their connection method. Everyone builds a personal world view by: sensing/perceiving their world, identifying/distinguishing distinctive things in it; naming things, describing things, relating things, and tracking past and projected changes in things. This world view is also called an “ontology”, and also called an “architecture”.
• Sharing world views/ontologies/architectures to establish interpersonal, organizational and global group communication, coordination, and collaboration requires a structured means of storing and transferring signals, data, information, knowledge, awareness, decisions, and actions.
• Prior to electronic communication our means to transfer world views was limited to our physical senses. With electronic communication we are now able to transfer world views at a distance. We can now effectively communicate, coordinate, and collaborate while at different locations.
• Prior to electronic data processing (e.g., IT) our means to share world views was limited to the single receiving person or group currently anywhere on a communication circuit with us (e.g., across the room or on the other end of the telegraph, radio, or telephone). With electronic data processing we are now able to transfer world views to multiple persons and groups at different times. We can now effectively communicate, coordinate, and collaborate with all persons and groups on the network at different locations and times.
• As a result of the global Internet and our ontology and architecture modeling processes and technology, we can now provide the means for all persons and groups anywhere to know everything they need to know, when they need to know it, from those with the greatest expertise or situational information, knowledge, and awareness.
• Everyone can now be connected, knowledgeable, and aware of the whole world around them, from their own local vantage point and decisions, including both the world within their control and that beyond their control.
Thing
OtherThing
OtherThing
OtherThing
Think of the world as being a collection of different knots, each connected to other knots by multiple strings, like layers of interwoven fishing nets.
Knots are nouns/things, and strings are verbs/relations.
RR1
Slide 1
RR1 This diagram took form from 1957, starting with a dream about a fishnet.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
An Object Model (For A Connection View)
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Object N Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Association Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Change Attributes
Container/Predecessor
Object X
Component/Successor
Object Y
BaseObject N
ChildObject B
ParentObject A
ParentageInheritance
DescendantInheritance
InputAssociation
OutputAssociation
PastChange
FutureChange
Present Change
“Kind-Of” Hierarchy
“Part-Of” Hierarchy
Categorize
Associate
Plan/History
RR2
Slide 2
RR2 Here's a 1984 variant that evolved from the fishnet concept, which eventually took form as a generalized object model.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
A Dynamic Object(For An Information System To Manage Any Thing, And Every Thing)
Container/Predecessor
Object X
Component/Successor
Object Y
BaseObject N
ChildObject B
ParentObject A
ParentageInheritance
DescendantInheritance
InputAssociation
OutputAssociation
PastChange
FutureChange
Present Change
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Basic Association AttributesAttribute Attribute Attribute
Value Value Value
Basic Object Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Object Detail Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Object Interface Metadata Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Object Security/Privacy Metadata Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Association Detail Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Association Interface Metadata Attributes
Attribute Attribute AttributeValue Value Value
Association Security/Privacy Metadata Attributes
RR3
Slide 3
RR3 Here's another 1988 variant on the generalized object model, representing the idea that it could serve as the foundation for any MIS. This idea has been called dynamic data structures since the mid 90's.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
SpiritSociety
ScienceTa
xono
my
Hum
anities
Religion
Philosophy
Mathematics
Physic
s
Che
mis
try
Biology
Physiology
Psychology
Sociology
Known World
Unknown
Universe
Princ
ipleRecorded and
Applied KnowledgeTh
eory
Acce
pted
Hyp
othe
sis
Wor
king
Hypo
thes
is
Phen
omen
ae
Research
Legend:Learning and Insight
Evolving Mind
The Spiral of KnowledgeRR4
Slide 4
RR4 Here's a virtually unchanged model of my 1965 wheel of knowledge that I used to plan my educational and career focus.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
ENTERPRISE(Organization)
(Organism)(Organ)(Object)
ENVIRONMENT
METABOLIC ACTION ON RESOURCES(TRIGGER, INPUT, CONTROL, OUTPUT, MECHANISM)
Opportunity and
Competition
Strength and Weakness
An Enterprise Is An Object(In Its Dynamic Environment)
RR5
Slide 5
RR5 This is my 1982 concept for managing the enterprise as a single entity, as part of my Master's program (i.e., Masters of Science in Systems Management from Univ. of Southern Cal.)Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
LOCATIONCATALOG / INVENTORY
ORGANIZATIONCATALOG / INVENTORY
WORK UNIT (OFFICE / BILLET)
CATALOG / INVENTORY
FUNCTIONCATALOG / INVENTORY
PROCESS CATALOG / INVENTORY
RESOURCECATALOG / INVENTORY
CONTEXTENGINE
REQUIREMENTLIFE CYCLE CATALOG / INVENTORY
WHERE IS ___? WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ___?WHO HAS THE AUTHORITY TO ___?WHO HAS THE RESOURCES FOR ___?
WHAT IS DONE FOR ___?WHY IS ___?
HOW DO WE ___?
WHAT GOES INTO ___?
WHAT RESULTS FROM ___?
HOW MANY ___?HOW OFTEN ARE ___?HOW MUCH IS ___?
WHEN IS ___?
WHO DOES ___? WHO SUPPLIES ___? WHO PRODUCES ___?
1
7
6
5 4
3
2
32. GEM Basic QuestionsRR6
Slide 6
RR6 My 1982 model of the General Enterprise Management subject categories and how they'd be related through the "context engine". Each wedge would now be called a taxonomy or thesaurus. The context engine would now be called a 2nd order logic strong ontology.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
7. GEM Context/Intelligence FunctionsTo Manage Enterprise Context (1.2),
Manage Enterprise Subjects and Their RelationshipsSubject
B
SubjectC
Subject I
SubjectG
SubjectF
SubjectD
SubjectH
SubjectE
Subject"A" andits BasicRelations
A Is A Kind-Ofor Type-Of B
A Categorizes orIs the Basis of C
A Contains orConsists-Of E
A Is Part-Ofor
ContainedWithin D
A Follows orIs Successor-
of F
A Leads or IsPredecessor-Of G
A Will Becomeor May Become I
A Was Previouslyor Was
Possibly H
SubjectJ
A is anAlias for J
SubjectK
A is aReference for K
Subject AProperties
Subject AMethods
Subject AQualifiers
Subject ASecurity
Properties = Object Attribute/Value Pairs, Inheritable from Class TypeMethods = Behaviors performed by ObjectQualifiers = Filters, Rules, Facts, and Roles Constraining ObjectSecurity = Combination of Properties, Methods, and Qualifiers defining the need for a person or process tosee, show, or know some aspect of an object, or to do or avoid doing some action with or affecting anobject. Also known as Role-Based Access Control - RBAC.
Context Functions (for Subjects and Relationships):•Create•Update
•Move•Copy•Modify•Merge
•Deactivate (Never Delete)•Read•Characterize
•Relations•Properties•Methods•Qualifiers•Security
GEM Subject Categories (Tree)•Locations (e.g., Physical, Virtual, Conceptual)•Organizations (e.g., Private, Commercial, Government)•Organization Units (e.g., Offices, Teams, Projects)•Functions (e.g., Executive, Production, Support)•Processes (e.g., Manual, Automated, Mechanical, Electrical)•Resources (e.g., Persons, Intelligence, Funds, Skills, Materiel,Facilities, Services, Space, Energy, Time)
GEM Relationship Types (Noun – Verb – Noun)•Class (Parent/Child, Class/Subclass, Class/Instance)•Containment (Master/Detail, Container/Component)•Sequence (Predecessor/Successor, Cause/Effect)•Change (Previous/Current, Current/Future•Reference•Alias•Architecture/Structure (Multiple Relations Types, showing Component-Interface-Component)
Context Meaning•Concepts (Keywords, Words)•Semantic (noun – verb – noun, Subject-Verb-Predicate)•Ontology (Semantic-Verb-Semantic)•Knowledge (Ontology-Verb-Ontology)
RR7
Slide 7
RR7 This is the model that extends the basic object model to encompass more of the relationships I discovered in my 1982-85 Master's work and my "enterprise-level" manager and analyst assignments since 1982. The relationships around the object model provide the GEM "knowledge-representation model", which I document as the M3 layer of the GEM four-layer metamodel architecture.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Thing(Object)
Deer
Word(Object)
Outline(List of Lists)Words
Bear
Spear
ManCave
WaterSky
Deer List
DeerBearWater
ListsDeerBearWater Sky
CaveSpearMan
NourishmentDeerBearWater
ShelterCave
WeaponSpear
Table(List with Attributes)
Food Implementand Crew
Season
Deer Arrow - 1 Spring,Summer,Fall,Winter
Bear Spear - 3Large Rocks- 2
Spring,Summer,Fall
Berries Cloth, cup,or basket -1
Summer,Fall
AssociationTable
(Lookup)
TableJoin
(Entity/Relation for Parent/Child Relations)
Data Star (Taxonomy)(Simple Data Mart, Multidimensional, Drill-Out, single level views of single object, i.e., profiles and simple fact tables for a single
type of object)
Facts
Resources
Processes
Functions
Groups/Roles
Locations
Organizations
Data Jewel (General Ontology)(Compound Data Warehouse, Multidimensional, multicentric, multifaceted, multilevel Drill-Anywhere views of all recorded objects, i.e., All applications for controlling all objects built
from single core of highly refined data. Applies Second Order Logic)
Security/Key Management
Performance (Strategic and Service Level) Management
Network Management
Network Accounts
Management
Messaging Management
Database and Application
AccessManagement
System/Software Engineering Management
SituationalContext
Management
Data Snowflake (Ontology)(Simple Data Warehouse, Multidimensional,
multi-level Drill-Out views of single type object, i.e., single facet E/R application controlling a class of objects. Applies First Order Logic)
Security/Key Management
Performance (Strategic and Service Level) Management
Network Management
Network Accounts
Management
Messaging Management
Database and Application
AccessManagement
System/Software Engineering Management
SituationalContext
Management
Data Tree(Self-Joined, Drill-Down Hierarchy, i.e.,
Outline with Row Attributes)Data Tree
Instance 1.1.1Instance 1.1.2
Subclass 1.1
Class 1
Instance 1.2.1Instance 1.2.2
Subclass 1.2
Class 2
Root
Progression of Written Information, Adding Structure and Order
Food
Concept(Object)
RR8
Slide 8
RR8 This is my model representing the progression of our technology and conceptual readiness to add structure to our recorded knowledge. The "thing" node corresponds the the "pragmatics" label briefed by Dr. Orbst over the past week, the "concept" node corresponds to the "semantics", and the "word" node corresponds to the "syntax" and "term" labels.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
A Model of Technology
SocietySpirit
Science(Indirect Sense)
Believe Feel
Sense(Direct)
Self
Mathematics
Physics
Chemistry Biology
Physiology
Psychology
Sociology
Taxonomy
Humanities
Religion
Philosophy
Perception of Separation(differentiation, analysis)
Integration Efforts(synthesis, synectics, synergy)Connection
(wholeness, unity) Technology Advances
across Science to
form Social Tools
Increasing Subjectivity(Less Empirical)
Increasing Objectivity(More Empirical)
RR9
Slide 9
RR9 This is a model I put together around 1985 to extend the wheel of knowledge into a form that could be used to explain where technology fit and how it evolved.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Team CommIT GEM Framework (Leveraging OMB FEA)RR10
Slide 10
RR10 This is the GEM framework, first used in 1987, for organizing enterprise general subject taxonomies, a general ontology of subject relationships over time, and the value-lattice of the totality of enterprise subjects and their relations.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Team CommIT Enterprise Management Spiral Life Cycle Process (SLCP) Model
Resource Context and Content
Organization Unit Context and Content
Process Context and Content
Resource Life Cycle State Context and Content
Function (Mission) Context and Content
Organization Context and Content
LocationContext and Context
SUBJECT
Strength, Weakness,
Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT)
Assessment
Value Chain Assessment (Relationship Management for Customers, Suppliers, Partners,
Authorities, Public, Internal Analysis)
Functions InventoryReference Architecture (e.g., Functional Maturation via Policy, Process, etc. Documents)Enterprise Modeling and ArchitectureMission Management (Concurrent for Hierarchy of Organizations, Functions, Programs, Projects, and Persons)
Mission (Strength and Opportunity Management)Vision
GoalsPerformance Objectives (e.g., Measures, Service Levels, Contracts)
Targets/IndicatorsStrategies (Requirements Management and Analysis)
Baseline Service Operations (Functions/Programs/Projects)Activities /Services (Performance Metrics)Products /Systems (Product/System Specifications)
Costs/BenefitsProjects / Initiatives (New/Improved Functions/Programs/Projects)
Investment Cost (Infrastructure, Development, Procurement)Performance ImpactOperations Cost Impacts
Implemented PlansActual PerformanceTrack PerformanceAccount for ResourcesManage ConfigurationsMeasure Performance
Performance ReviewPerformance Adjustment for Mature Mission ManagementManage Full Enterprise Configuration
2. Concurrent Enterprise
And FunctionOperations
Management Using A
Common Management Repository
1.2 Enterprise Common Context/Intelligence/Architecture
1.1 Function Intelligence Inventories
Diverse Content, Data, Metadata,
Vocabulary, Keywords, Concepts,
Propositions / Assertions, Taxonomy, Semantics, Thesauri, Ontology,
Knowledge
1.3 Enterprise Mission-Based Security Controls (For Security Access and Asset Distribution)
1.4 Enterprise Virtual Applications (EA Repository-based Templates and Composite Applications)
Risk (i.e., Threat) and Vulnerability (i.e., Weakness)
Management
RR11
Slide 11
RR11 This is a variant of my 1987 strategic management process flow-model that represents evolving operations supported by dynamic operational and analytical data. The #2 item represents the strategic management process, wich is a spiral life cycle that provides to the enterprise and all of its functions a concurrent and integrated superset of what is now known as a "balanced scoredard", plus strategy/portfolio/program/project management, performance tracking/reporting/assessment and adjustment, value-chain relationship management, and stregth/weakness/opportunity/threat assessment. (Weakness = vulnerability, threat = risk). The GEM ontololgy in item 1.2 integrates the diverse functional (i.e., middle) ontologies from 1.1, which in turn provides the data needed to associate resources with user access authority in 1.3 and to virtualized knowledge-base functional applications in 1.4. All of this operates from anon-fragmented repository containing or linking to the totality of enterprise management information, providing a wholistic view of the dynamic enterprise in its dynamic environment.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Enterprise Leadership and Management Functions- Progression from Current Disorder to New Order, With Cohesion
1Our Status Yesterday…
(As-Is Disorder)
2Our Intended Status Tomorrow…
(To-Be Order, Command)
Value-Lattice(Integrated Value Chains)
Operating Environment Mission
Vision
Tightening “Acceptable Performance”Operation Indicators from Lessons Learned
(Intelligence Refinement)
Risk and Vulnerability Assessment, Performance Measurement,
And Adjustments
Objective Criteria
GoalStrength,
Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat Awareness
Evolving Operation StrategyTo Close Gaps and Reduce Overlaps
(Adaptation Decisions)
3How We’ll Get There Now
(Migration, Control)
Leadership Provides Cohesion (i.e., Control)By ManagingThe Configuration Of Enterprise Architecture”1. Enterprise Components1.1. Location1.2. Organization1.3. Organization Unit1.4. Function1.5. Process1.6. Resource2. Component Relations2.1. Categorization2.2. Containment2.3. Sequence2.4. Version2.5. Equivalence2.6. Variation2.7. Reference3. Capability Requirements3.1. Conceptual3.2. Specified3.3. Authorized3.4. Funded3.5. Implemented3.6. Operational3.7. Disposed
Leadership Provides Measured and Adjusted Progression, Transforming Enterprise Into An Intended Future State (i.e., Command)
LeadershipManagement
Leadership and Management of the “Operational Part of Architecture” Both Depend On Organization of Data (i.e., “the Intelligence Part of Architecture”) About The Enterprise and Its Environment
RR12
Slide 12
RR12 This is my 1991 leadership and management model that realigns the strategic management spiral life cycle to illustrated the concepts of command, control, strategy, performance, etc. supported by the enterprise architecture.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
INORGANIC MATERIAL (UNEXTRACTED OR PROCESSED)ORGANIC MATERIAL (UNHARVESTED OR PROCESSED)ENERGY (UNHARNASSED OR PROCESSED)HUMAN KNOWLEDGE (INITITAL INSIGHTS/EXPERIENCE OR PROCESSED)
THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT(BASIC RESOURCES/PRODUCTS)
EXTRACTORCUSTOMER
(CONSUMER=BY-PRODUCT
SUPPLIER)
REFINER
VALUEADDED
ACTIVITY-VAA
RECYCLER(NATURAL AND INDUSTRIAL
RECYCLING OF BY-PRODUCTS TOPRODUCE MATERIAL AND ENERGY,
AND RECORDING/SHARING OFKNOWLEDGE)
VAA
SUPPLIER(VAA)
VAA
ALL CUSTOMERS AREINTERNAL CUSTOMERS, IFYOU DEFINE THE ENTERPRISEBOUNDARY BROADLYENOUGH. THE PRIMARYSUPPLIER IS THE DYNAMICALPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT.
NOTE: INTERCHANGE OF INFORMATION, AND EXCHANGE OF MATERIAL, ENERGY, AND/OR CURRENCY
CUSTOMERS ONLY WANT TO PAY FOR THE ADDED VALUE THEY REQUIRE. IF THEY DON'T REQUIRE IT, IT HAS NO VALUE TO THEM.
Nature’s Value-Chain
YOURENTERPRISE
RR13
Slide 13
RR13 This is my 1992 model representing the value-chain aspects subsequently included in the GEM approach. Prior to this time I was focusing more on the "reduction of cycle time", from an operational and management-engineering perspective. This was when I was subsuming TQM and BPR (e.g., IDEF0) concepts and processes into the GEM approach.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Enterprise Value Chain
6.Supplier
(Input)
2.1Products
2.2 Process
2.3 Structure
2.4Culture
2.Your
Enterprise(Internal, Insource,
and OutsourceActivity)
1.Customer
(Output, Outcome)
4.Partner(Output,
Mechanism)
3.Authority
(Control)
6.Public(Output, Control)
Perform,Measure,
andImprove
a. Expectation
and
e. Satisfaction
b. Requirement
c. Production
d. Provision
4.Partner
(Input, Mechanism)
5.Public
(Input, Control)
NaturalEnvironment
RecyclerExtractor
Refiner
Value-AddedActivity
Consumer
RR14
Slide 14
RR14 This is another 1992 variant of the previous value-chain model.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Component ComponentInterface(VAA:N) VAA:N+1
Main TransactionExchange/Transport of:
•MaterielInterchange/Transfer of:
•Data•Information•Knowledge
Associated Resource TransactionsAwareness/Knowledge/Information/Data/Signals TransferredFunds TransferredPerson/Team ActionsSkill/Experience ExercisedMateriel Consumed, Stored or TransportedServices PerformedFacility UsedSpace Occupied or TraversedTime SpentEnergy Applied or Produced
VAA = Value Added ActivityB = Business2 = To
A Transaction Is More Than It Appears - The Value LatticeRR15
Slide 15
RR15 This 1996 model represents business to business interactions, in the GEM context, in one of my first commercial/contractor efforts to support an early B2B technology firm.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Enterprise Management Services (EMS)(Management Solutions Including Enterprise and Functional
Governance support, Extending EA into Full Enterprise Engineering, Performance/Quality/Cost Improvement, BPR, Cycle
Time Reduction, Decision Latency Improvement, Security Management, Continuity/Risk Management, Metadata Management, Knowledge Management, Virtual Enterprise Database, Value-Chain Integration, Situational Awareness, C2, Real Time Enterprise, and
Requirement, Asset, Portfolio, Program, Project, and Change Management)
Service Categories Needed to Support The President’s Management Agenda (PMA)
Enterprise Architecture Services (EAS)
(Advising-On and Implementing FEA, DoDAF/C4ISR, Zachman, TOGAF, Spewak, etc.)
IT Services (ITS)(Providing Web, LAN/WAN/Wireless, Applications,
Application and Data Integration, Databases, Data Warehousing, IT Operations, Customer Service, Legacy,
etc.)
Network Infrastructure Services
•CEO•COO•CFO•CHCO•CKO•CIO•Functional Managers
•CFO•CIO•CTO
•CIO•CTO•System / Software Development Managers
Target Leaders
There are no competing EM methodologies
There are multiple competing EA Vendors and Approaches, but very few competing EA methodologies
There are many competing IT and Network Service Vendors
PMA Initiatives1.Human Capital2.Competitive Sourcing3.Financial Performance4.Enhanced eGovernment (EA)5.Budget/Performance Integration (Scorecard)
RR16
Slide 16
RR16 This 2000 model was assembled as marketing material to present the "consulting services" that could be enabled by the GEM approach. It was then extended to encompass the PMA and FEA as they became prominent in government contracting. GEM has encompassed what is now called EA since its 1982 inception.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
FEA Extension For Operations Management And Architecture Integration
Function Catalog
Mission Catalog
Process Catalog
Resource (Data)Catalog
Resource (Technology) Catalog
D&A Resource (e.g. IT)Management
Reference(What)
Policy
Process (SRM Service Domain)
Procedure (Rules)(SRM Service Type)
Template Forms, Reports, etc.) (SRM Service
Component)
Metadata(DRM Item)
Technology(TRM Item)
Assignment (Who)
Responsibility
Authority
Budget
PerformanceTargets
BRM
ControlledVocabulary
OrganizationUnit Catalog
OrganizationCatalog
LocationCatalog
FunctionalSemantics
FunctionalPlanning
Spiral Life Cycle(Priority)
Mission
Vision
Goal
Objective(Indicators)
Strategy (Portfolio)
Plans (When Resource
Requirements,Dependency,
Schedule)
Recurring Plans
Initiative Plans
Performance
Funding Strategy
Acquisition Strategy
Assessment (Performance, Plan, Strategy, Value-Chain, SWOT, Risk, Vulnerability,
and Mission)
FunctionalServices
Service (i.e., Performance) Level Management (SLM)
Metadata
Data ETL
Data Migration
Virtual DB
Controlled Technology Product Catalog (TRM)
TechnologyTime Phasing
IT ProductInventory
Vendor
Version
Release
IT DevelopmentAnd Implementation
(CMMI)
Infrastructure(System of Systems)
Engineering
SystemEngineering
SoftwareEngineering
CPIC
IT Operations And Maintenance
(ITIL)
TechnologyInsertion
and Deprecation
EA, IT, CM, DB, SPEM, BPM, AD, LDAP Metadata (e.g., MOF) Repository
Taxonomy (ControlledVocabularyInheritanceRelations)
Concept Map(Associative
Relation)
SemanticData Model
Ontology
KnowledgeBase
Source
EA Composition(EA/IT Subject Taxonomy and Controlled Vocabulary)
EA “Line of Sight”(EA/IT Subject Associations, Giving Semantic and Ontology Context)
OMB FEAReference
Models
CC EAReferenceCatalogs
Records Management andAsset Management
Business Area
Line of Business
SubFunctions
Function Catalog(BRM Extension)
MeasurementArea
MeasurementCategories
MeasurementIndicators
Mission Catalog(PRM Extension)
Service Component
Service Type
Service Domains
Process Catalog(SRM Extension)
Resource Catalog(DRM Extension)
Resource Catalog(TRM Extension)
Technical Service Area
Technical ServiceCategory
TechnicalService Standard
Product EvaluationProcess
Vendor
Version
Release
Source
Metadata(Context)
Metadata(Container)
Data(Content)
Brand
Brand
Mission Catalog (MC)
Organization Unit Catalog (FC)
Process Catalog (PC)Resource Catalog –
Data (RC-D)Resource Catalog –Technology (RC-T)
Organization Catalog (OC)
Function Catalog (FC)
Location Catalog (LC)
PRM SRM DRM TRM
COOPCapability
PMEF
SMEF
NEF
EA as Whole-Enterprise System Analysis, Requirement Analysis, and Operational Model
RR17
Slide 17
RR17 This is a 2002 variant of the GEM metaschema that has been re-aligned to show the mapping-to and extension-of the OMB FEA. It was subsequently included as part of the offering in a DOE ITSS contract, a DoD Encore win for a small business prime contractor, a DOI EA support contract, a Navy BUMED R&D EA contract, the Fed CC EA contract, and a Navy SPAWAR Engineering Support contract. Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
Implementing GEM: Aligning Mission, Function, and ITRR18
Slide 18
RR18 This is a model represent the cycle of development of an EA in blue, development of the EA-based enterprise management capabilitiesin green, implementation of EA-based BPR (ToBe process) and EA-governed IT Design (ToBe IT), EA-governed oversight of the IT implementation, EA-based IV&V and C&A of the IT implementation, EA-governed process and IT deployments, and EA-based oversightand tracking of IT and other functional operations.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006
Copyright Roy Roebuck, 1982-2006. Used with permission by the U.S. Federal Executive Branch under the GEM Service Provider License of CommIT Enterprises, Inc.
CommIT EA Has An Extended OMB FEA Structure
1. BRM(Assigned Functional Missions + Assumed Supporting Functions)1.1 Policy1.2 Assignment1.3. Strategic Management
2. PRM(Strategic Mgmt, Ops & Invest. Strategies, Priorities)
7. PRM (Portfolios, Budgets)
3. SRM(Best Practice, Re-usable Processes)
4. DRM(Metadata and Data)
5. TRM(Technology Catalog of Standards and Qualifying Products)
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)Enterprise Service Bus
(ESB)
6. Organization Unit (OU) Assigned The Asset
1. Parent Organization of OU
1. Location of OU (Physical and Virtual)
1. OU Assigned Functional Responsibility
Schema and/or Data Added by Team CommIT EA
Schema and Data Largely or Wholly Present in FEA
6. Required Mission Resources over their life cycle.6.1 People6.2 Intelligence6.2.1 Functional Intelligence6.3 Funds6.4 Skills6.5 Materiel6.5.1 Physical IT6.5.1.1 Systems6.5.1.2 Infrastructure6.5.2 Goods6.6 Facilities6.7 Services6.8 etc.
Enterprise Architecture
Service (e.g., Loosely Coupled, NetCentric)
Capability Process Improvement and Solution Design
Operational Capability (Primary and Alternate Sites, Primary and Alternate Providers)
Cap
abilit
y Bu
sine
ss C
ase
and
Budg
et
Capability Implementation
1. NEF/PMEF
RR19
Slide 19
RR19 This 2003 model represents the OMB FEA in relation to capability design, SOA, and GEM. With the 2005 CCEA project, the National Essential Functions (NEF) and Priority Mission Essential Functions (PMEF) elements were added as variants of the OMB FEA BRM.Roy Roebuck, 1/20/2006