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25th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
June 17-21, 2013, Valencia, Spain
Ognjen Scekic, Hong-Linh Truong, Schahram Dustdar
Distributed Systems GroupVienna University of Technology
http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at
Programming Incentives in Information Systems
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Evolution of Collaborative Processes
Conventional workflows• formal description• structured execution• predefined roles and activities• complex tasks
Crowdsourcing• simple tasks• anonymous replaceable actors• short, unstructured interactions• No interaction/collaboration
among actors
+
=Socio-technical Collective Adaptive Systems• ad-hoc assembled teams• complex tasks• social orchestration• indirect adaptation
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Programmable incentive management
Requirements:– Modeling– Programming– Execution– Monitoring– Re-use
Incentive Programming Model for CASs
EU FP7 SmartSociety project www.smart-society-project.eu
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Incentives & Rewards
• IncentivesStimulate (motivate) or discourage certain worker activities before the actual execution of those activities.
• RewardsAny kind of recompense for worthy services rendered or retribution for wrongdoing exerted upon workers after the completion of activity.
• Incentive MechanismA plan (rule) for assigning rewards.
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We identified 7 basic incentive mechanisms in use today and their constituent elements.
New mechanisms can be built by composing and customizing well-known incentive elements.
Portable, reusable, scalable
Modeling Incentives
desi
gn t
ime
run
time
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Executing Incentives
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PRogrammable INCentives Framework (PRINC)
Representation of external system suitable for modeling application of incentives.
• State – Global state, individual worker attributes and performance metrics (QoS).
• Time – Records of past and future worker interactions supporting time conditions.
• Structure – Representation and manipulation of various types of relationships
Rewarding Model (RMod)
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Examples of mechanisms that RMod can encode and execute:
− At the end of iteration, award each worker who scored better than the average score of his immediate neighbors.
− Unless the productivity increases to a level p within n next iterations, replace team's current manager with the most-trusted of his subordinate workers.
The Rewarding Model (RMod)
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PRINC Framework
• Definition of system-specific artifacts, actions, attributes and relation types.
• Definition and parameterization of metrics, messages, structural patterns and custom incentive mechanisms.
Mapping Model (MMod)
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The Mapping Model (MMod) Example: Adapting a general incentive mechanism for a software
testing company.
DSL
When a bug report is verified, award points to the submitter. library
When a task has been evaluated as correctlyperformed, assign reward to worker.
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PRINC Framework
• Declarative, domain-specific language. • High-level, platform independent, human-
friendly notation.
Incentive Model (IMod)
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We do not invent nor evaluate incentive mechanisms.
Basic techniques, such as composition of mechanisms evaluated through simulation:
DomainPro1 tool
Evaluation
1 http://quandarypeak.com/
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Functional evaluation of RMod prototype. e.g. structural incentive mechanism rotating
presidency.
Evaluation
internal rule representation1.
2.
3.
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Functional evaluation Encoding real-world incentive schemes, e.g., lottery
and shares Locationary.com
Evaluation
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Conclusions:– Socio-technical systems need effective incentive
management.– We presented a framework for modeling, composing,
adapting, executing and monitoring portable incentive strategies.
Current work:– High-level, user-friendly, graphical DSL.– Integration into the overall programming model for CASs.
Future Work:– Determine best incentive practices in a given environment
by learning from past incentive applications.
Conclusion & Future Work
25th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
June 17-21, 2013, Valencia, Spain
Ognjen Scekic, Hong-Linh Truong, Schahram Dustdar
Distributed Systems GroupVienna University of Technology
http://dsg.tuwien.ac.at
Modeling Rewards and Incentive Mechanisms for Social BPM
Thank you! Questions?