Pumped storage hydroelectric power plants: Issues and ... · Pumped storage hydroelectric power plants: Issues and applications BIH Case Study Sasa ScekicSasa Scekic, ,,, Head of

wwwwwwwwwwww. . . . erranet.orgerranet.orgerranet.orgerranet.orgERRA ERRA ERRA ERRA LicensingLicensingLicensingLicensing////CompetitionCompetitionCompetitionCompetition CommitteeCommitteeCommitteeCommittee MeetingMeetingMeetingMeetingOctoberOctoberOctoberOctober 19191919, 201, 201, 201, 2016, Bratislava, 6, Bratislava, 6, Bratislava, 6, Bratislava, SlovakiaSlovakiaSlovakiaSlovakia

Pumped storage hydroelectric power Pumped storage hydroelectric power Pumped storage hydroelectric power Pumped storage hydroelectric power

plants: Issues and applicationsplants: Issues and applicationsplants: Issues and applicationsplants: Issues and applications

BIH Case Study BIH Case Study BIH Case Study BIH Case Study

Sasa ScekicSasa ScekicSasa ScekicSasa Scekic,,,,Head of Licensing and Technical Affairs Dpt., Head of Licensing and Technical Affairs Dpt., Head of Licensing and Technical Affairs Dpt., Head of Licensing and Technical Affairs Dpt., SERC BIHSERC BIHSERC BIHSERC BIH

ERRA ERRA ERRA ERRA LicensingLicensingLicensingLicensing////CompetitionCompetitionCompetitionCompetition CommitteeCommitteeCommitteeCommittee MeetingMeetingMeetingMeetingOctoberOctoberOctoberOctober 19191919, 201, 201, 201, 2016, Bratislava, 6, Bratislava, 6, Bratislava, 6, Bratislava, SlovakiaSlovakiaSlovakiaSlovakia

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Power System of Bosnia and HerzegovinaPower System of Bosnia and HerzegovinaPower System of Bosnia and HerzegovinaPower System of Bosnia and Herzegovina


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Basic Power Indicators of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBasic Power Indicators of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBasic Power Indicators of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBasic Power Indicators of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Year 2015 EP BIH ERS EP HZHB Komunalno Brčko BIH

Generation in hydropower plants

1,436.28 2,166.12 1,823.14 5,425.54

Generation in thermalpower plants

5,413.40 3,298.66 8,712.06

Generation in small andindustrial PPs

160.68 93.55 16.03 270.26

Generation 7,010.36 5,558.33 1,839.17 14,407.86

Distribution consumption 4,542.81 3,661.53 1,376.42 265.38 9,846.14

Transmission losses 359.37

Large customers 449.56 159.31 1,763.43* 2,372.30

PPs self-consumption andpumping

13.96 13.90 27.86

Consumption 4,992.37 3,834.79 3,153.75 265.38 12,605.66

GWh

* Including the amount of 861.86 GWh which Aluminij and B.S.I. purchased as eligible customers


4444

Basic Data on Installed Capacity of Generation UnitsBasic Data on Installed Capacity of Generation UnitsBasic Data on Installed Capacity of Generation UnitsBasic Data on Installed Capacity of Generation Units

� Total installed capacity of generation units in Bosnia and Herzegovina amounts to 4,009.14 MW:

� 2,054.90 MW hydro power plants

� 1,765 MW thermal power plants

� 97.41 MW small hydro, wind, solar and biogas power plants

� 91.23 MW industrial powers plants.

Capacity

Hydro

Thermal

Smal

Industrial

Energy

Hydro

Thermal

Small and

Industrial


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Major Generation UnitsMajor Generation UnitsMajor Generation UnitsMajor Generation Units

Hydro powerplants

Capacity of power unit (MW)

Total installed capacity (MW)

2Year 2015Thermal power

plantsInstalled capacity

(MW)Available capacity

(MW)

Trebinje I 2 5́4+1×63 171 TUZLA 715 635

Trebinje II 8 8 G3 100 85

Dubrovnik(BIH+HR) 2×108 216

G4 200 182

Čapljina 2×210 420 G5 200 180

Rama 2×80 160 G6 215 188

Jablanica 6×30 180

Grabovica 2×57 114 KAKANJ 450 398

Salakovac 3×70 210 G5 110 100

Mostar 3×24 72 G6 110 90

Mostarsko blato 2×30 60 G7 230 208

Peć-Mlini 2×15 30

Jajce I 2×30 60 GACKO 300 276

Jajce II 3×10 30

Bočac 2×55 110 UGLJEVIK 300 279

Višegrad 3×105 315

Ustiprača 2×3.5 7


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PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina


7777

PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina ---- descriptiondescriptiondescriptiondescription

� Owner and license holder - JP Elektroprivreda HZHB d.d. Mostar

� The only PHPP in the power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the largest HPP in the system

� Location – settlement Svitava, municipality Capljina

� Started operation in 1979

� Multipurpose unit capable of different roles in the system

� Designed for the yearly production of 480 GWh from non-regulated, regulated and water obtained by pumping

� Current yearly planned production is 192 GWh


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PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– descriptiondescriptiondescriptiondescription (2)(2)(2)(2)

� Operation by the water used:

� Non-regulated water – natural inflows

� Regulated water – discharge of the upstream power plants

� Water obtained by pumping

� Designed for the operation:

� During dry summer and autumn period (cca 225 d/y) should operate in night hours (23 – 05) in pumping regime, and during day (5 – 6) hours as a peak plant (pumping/generation ratio is 0.74).

� During winter and spring period (cca 140 d/g) with enough inflow in the upper reservoir planned average operation is 12 – 14 hours daily.


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PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– description (3)description (3)description (3)description (3)

� Production from non-regulated water flows:� Electricity produced from non-regulated water flows all belongs to the license holder JP EPHZB, and is

used for supply to end-use customers and commercial sale

� Production from regulated water flows discharged from Gorica profile (HPP Trebinje II) � Water discharged from the tail water reservoir Gorica (through HE Trebinje 2 or as spill water)

superimposed to the natural flows in “Popovo polje”, and net of losses, flow through the feeding channel to the reservoir “Popovo polje”. Given the high installed power of PHPP Capljina coordination is important, not so because of the regulation of flows, but mainly because of financial reasons.

� Electricity produced using these flows is split between MH ERS and JP EP HZHB, which is regulated by a separate agreement or contract.

� Framework Agreement on Cooperation was signed in April 2016 between MH ERS (owner of the upstream power plants) and JP EP HZHB.

� Production from pumping� Electricity produced from water obtained by pumping all belongs to the JP HZHB.

� Exception can be the agreement with a party that provides electricity for pumping, and takes on produced electricity. Ratio of electricity for pumping / electricity obtained in this arrangement is cca1:3.


10101010

Main technical characteristicsMain technical characteristicsMain technical characteristicsMain technical characteristics

Basic technical characteristics

Basic data Number of generator sets: 2

Turbine: Francis reversible

Nominal power (MW): 2x220

Nominal flow (m3/s): 2x112,50

Technical minimum (GWh): 140

Total 84 %

average yearly production (GWh): 400

energy from 1m3

of

water (kWh):

0,52-0,55

water needed for

1kWh (m3/s):

1,92-1,82


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Main technical characteristicsMain technical characteristicsMain technical characteristicsMain technical characteristics

Flows,

reservoir,

head height

average yearly flow (m3/s):

reservoir capacity

(mil. m3)

total: 7.23

Usable capacity: 6.47

mrtav prostor: 0.76

Ectrical energy capability of

reserovir (GWh):

3.40

reservoir level

(m.n.m.)

maximum: 231.50

average: 227.00

minimum: 224.00

tail-race level (m): 3.00

gross head heght

(m)

maximum: 228.50

average: 224.00

minimum: 221.00


12121212

TrebisnjicaTrebisnjicaTrebisnjicaTrebisnjica river basinriver basinriver basinriver basin


13131313

TrebisnjicaTrebisnjicaTrebisnjicaTrebisnjica power plants profilepower plants profilepower plants profilepower plants profile

Hydrosystem TrebisnjicaLongitudinal profile


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NeretvaNeretvaNeretvaNeretva river basinriver basinriver basinriver basin


15151515

Position in company’s portfolio Position in company’s portfolio Position in company’s portfolio Position in company’s portfolio ---- energyenergyenergyenergy

HPP Rama39%

PHPP Čapljina12%

HPP Mostar15%

HPP Jajce 113%

HPP Jajce 29%

HPP Peć-Mlini4%

HPPMostarsko blato

8%

POWER PLANTS SHARE IN TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION - EPHZHB


16161616

Position in company’s portfolio Position in company’s portfolio Position in company’s portfolio Position in company’s portfolio ---- powerpowerpowerpower

HPP Rama19.2%

PHPP Čapljina50.5 %

HPP Mostar8.7%

HPP Jajce 23.6%

HPP Jajce 17.2%

HPP Mostarsko Blato7.2%

HPP Peć-Mlini3.6%

POWER PLANTS SHARE IN INSTALLED CAPACITY – EP HZHB


17171717

Monthly productionMonthly productionMonthly productionMonthly production

PRODUCTION EPHZHB I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Total GWh

HE Rama 65.0 65.0 50.0 20.0 20.0 55.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 65.0 70.0 70.0 645.0

CHE Čapljina 28.0 28.0 26.0 20.0 8.0 5.0 1.0 0.0 5.0 15.0 26.0 30.0 192.0

HE Mostar 25.0 21.0 27.0 30.0 23.0 16.0 10.0 9.0 12.0 20.0 25.0 27.0 245.0

HE Jajce 1 20.0 20.0 23.0 29.0 25.0 17.0 12.0 5.0 10.0 14.0 18.0 23.0 216.0

HE Jajce 2 15.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 17.0 14.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 15.0 153.0

HE Peć-Mlini 11.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 5.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 7.0 12.0 73.0

HE Mostarsko Blato 21.0 23.0 17.0 15.0 12.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 12.0 23.0 132.0

TOTAL 185.0 182.0 169.0 141.0 110.0 113.0 83.0 73.0 103.0 129.0 168.0 200.0 1 656.0


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Operation of PHPP from 2002 Operation of PHPP from 2002 Operation of PHPP from 2002 Operation of PHPP from 2002 ---- 2016201620162016

Power 2002-2016

Power 2002-2016

Power

Power

Number of hours

Number of hoursNumber of hours


19191919

PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– pumping regimepumping regimepumping regimepumping regime

� From 1979. to 1991. total number of pumping regime starts was 1621, averaging around 125 pumping cycles/year

� Since 1991. until today pumping regime is greatly reduced. Main reasons being::

� High fees for hydro reservoirs and flooded land – 8.18 EUR/MWh. Fee is paid for every MWhproduced, even in the cases when the water in the upper reservoir is obtained by pumping.

� With low energy price, tariff for transmission, ISO and system services, which is paid for electricity consumed, is relatively high - 5,82 EUR/MWh for profitable production for energy market.


20202020

PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– voltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulation

� Identification of voltages exceeding mandatory voltage ranges on the BIH transmission network – study, ISO October 2010

� Technical and economical aspects of the voltage regulation as ancillary (system) service – identification and recovery of voltages exceeding mandatory voltage ranges on BIH transmission network – EIHP study, 2012

� PHPP Čapljina is a multipurpose production unit which can be used for regulation of voltage / reactive power flows

� Between pumping and turbine mode, depending on the situation in the system, the plant can operate in the compensation mode which can be in over and under excitation with 150 – 160 MVAr per generator unit

� It is rarely used in the compensation regime mainly because there is no financial compensation of such work

� SERC’s decision from January 2016 on tariffs for system and ancillary services stipulated usage of reactive power on transmission system setting the tariff for excessive take-on of reactive power from the transmission network to zero (0) €/kvar


21212121

PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– voltage/reactive power regulation voltage/reactive power regulation voltage/reactive power regulation voltage/reactive power regulation (2)(2)(2)(2)

� Played a key role in resynchronization of I and II UCTE zones in 2004. Operating in the compensation regime lowered voltages of 400 kV busbars in RP Trebinje from 426 to 410 which allowed switching on of the 400 kV Trebinje – Podgorica power line and establishment of the united UCTE system.


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PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– voltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulation (3)(3)(3)(3)

Substation Busbars

Maximumrecorded voltage

(kV)

Number of hours above

allowed value (h)

Percentage of time above the allowed value

(%)

Mostar 4400 kV 441,58 7262 83

220 kV 249,34 199 2,27

Trebinje

400 kV 441,54 6113 69,78

220 kV 252,16 1138 12,99

110 kV 125,55 22 0,25

Tuzla 4400 kV 435,21 4076 46,53

220 kV 249,34 199 2,27

Sarajevo 10400 kV 437,40 5720 65

110 kV 124,81 152 1,74

Banja Luka400 kV 431,02 1299 14,83

110 kV 124,71 77 0,88

� Recorded voltages on main transmission nodes in BIH in 2015:


23232323

PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– voltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulationvoltage/reactive power regulation (4)(4)(4)(4)

� Study (EIHP – 2012) states that the total amount of compensation for generators for their ability to compensate reactive power is around 5.5 million € (1.5 for ability to operate in capacitive area and 4 million € for inductive area)

� If the remuneration is used just for capacitive operation, which can solve the high voltage problems in the long term, 1.5 million € should be collected for this service

� If only PHPP Capljina is used for this, the total cost of the service of compensation of reactive power and synchronous compensation of this power plant is estimated do 1 million €/year:

� 650 000 € - reactive power

� 350 000 € - cost of active power, or losses in compensation mode

� Compensation mode of PHPP Capljina is estimated to 470,000 €:� 335 000 € - losses of active power

� 135 000 € - compensation of reactive power


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PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– tertiary controltertiary controltertiary controltertiary control

� Tertiary control in BIH is obtained on the market since 1.1.2016

� BIH signed an agreement on the control block level about joint tertiary control. This contract reduced necessary tertiary control for the BIH system from 250 to 184 MW.

� Average price for capacity for Tertiary control upward obtained on the market was 4.438 EUR/MW/h

� Price cap for positive tertiary control – energy price was 200 EUR until 1. July and 243,14 EUR from 1. July

� PHPP Capljina has not offered capacity to the market� Very high technical minimum of the plant – 140 MW, so with the current rules it cannot offer capacity on its

own, needs aggregation on the company or higher level

� Certain period of time (24 – 48 h) would be needed between consecutive engagement

� PHPP Capljina used to offer reserve for other operators outside BIH gaining a good price

� ISO shall not allow any producer to sell tertiary control to other TSOs until necessary tertiary control is provided for BIH system (Grid code – article 7.2.30)


25252525

Tertiary control Tertiary control Tertiary control Tertiary control –––– volume and price of upward volume and price of upward volume and price of upward volume and price of upward energy in BIH in 2016energy in BIH in 2016energy in BIH in 2016energy in BIH in 2016

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

€/MWhMW

Volume (MWh)

Average price (€/MWh)


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PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– black start capabilityblack start capabilityblack start capabilityblack start capability

� ‘Black start capability’ means the capability of recovery of a power-generating module from a total shutdown through a dedicated auxiliary power source without any electrical energy supply external to the power-generating facility. (RfG – Regulation EU 2016/631)

� Generating units with a black-start capability shall provide this service at their own expense (Article 30 – Tariff pricing methodology for services of electricity transmission, independent system operator and ancillary services)

� ISO issued a Study on Black start in 2009 identifying units that are capable and suitable for this service


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PHPP PHPP PHPP PHPP CapljinaCapljinaCapljinaCapljina –––– black start capabilityblack start capabilityblack start capabilityblack start capability (2)(2)(2)(2)

� Study established these criteria:

� Voltage level of power plant (ability to send the voltage to a customer node without further transformation, 110 kV is preferred voltage)

� Technical minimum (lower technical minimum allows faster transition to the permanent operation)

� Ability to start the power plant without extern voltage (installed diesel or auxiliary generator)

� Power of the external source (diesel or auxiliary generator)

� Auxiliary power of the power plan (whether auxiliary sources can cover auxiliary power needs)

� Vicinity and load of the consumption points

� Ability of operation between 0 and Pmin

� PHPP Capljina is not identified as a generation unit with black start capability


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ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

� PHPP Capljina is not adequately utilized in the power system

� Operation of the PHPP greatly depends of the market design, network and system tariff settings, operational agreements, size of the system

� Network, system, environmental and other charges for pumping regime with generally low energy price reduce profitability of selling at energy markets

� PHPP Capljina should use opportunity to sell tertiary reserve

� Reactive power compensation should be financially remunerated

� Operational agreements with other companies should be used for better utilization

� Block or regional wide usage of resources should be beneficial

W

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Documents

Pumped storage hydroelectric power plants: Issues and ... · Pumped storage hydroelectric power plants: Issues and applications BIH Case Study Sasa ScekicSasa Scekic, ,,, Head of