Reincorporate

Store

ExtractReplace

Perform

Incorporate

AIR

EMISSIONS

WATER

EMISSIONS

SOLID

RESIDUES

HEAT, VIBRATION,

NOISE

Figu re 5 . Fu n da m en ta l u s es of wa s te

ABSTRACT:In du s tr ia l wa s te rep res en ts 43 .5 m illion ton s of wa s te gen era ted a n n u a lly in th e UK. Th is res ea rch , in recogn is in g th a t cu rren t

m a n u fa ctu r in g proces s es a re n ot 100% efficien t a n d con s ider in g th e bu rden on th e en viron m en t u n der th e cu rren t clim a te,

polit ica l a n d econ om ica l s itu a t ion , a im s to develop a m eth odology a n d en gin eer in g tools to a n a lyze, t ra n s form a n d m a rket

in du s try’s wa s te in to com pet it ive co-p rodu cts th a t a dd to th e tr ip le bot tom lin e of a com pa n y.

S u s t a I n a b l e M a n u f a c t u r I n g

Do not waste your cash, cash your waste!

Sus tainable development: is developm en t th a t m eets th e n eeds of th e p res en t with ou t

com prom is in g th e a b ility of fu tu re gen era t ion s to m eet th eir own n eeds [1 ].

Th e s im ple defin it ion of s us tainability is im provin g th e qu a lity of h u m a n life wh ile livin g with in th e

ca r ryin g ca pa city of s u ppor t in g eco-s ys tem s [2 ].

Wa s te gen era t ion in Fig. 1 reflects environmental is s u es

of res ou rce dep let ion , economical is s u es of res ou rce

p rodu ct ivity a n d s ocial con cern s a bou t la n dfills a n d

toxic wa s tes .

Figu re. 1 . Es t im a ted wa s te a r is in g by s ector : 2004 [4 ]

Figu re 2 . Accu m u la t ion of econ om ic va lu e a n d en viron m en ta l

im pa ct a lon g th e s u pp ly ch a in [6 ]

Figu re 3 . Ma ter ia l a n d m on ey flows in a pa in t s h op . [7 ]

Figu re 2 illu s t ra tes p reviou s res ea rch

in th e field h a s s h own th a t th e ea r ly

s ta ges of a p rodu ct’s life cycle h a ve th e

m os t en viron m en ta l im pa ct wh ils t

a dd in g th e lea s t econ om ic va lu e [5 ].

Th e m a ter ia l flow ba la n ce in ph ys ica l term s con s iders

Ou tpu ts a ll p rodu cts , wa s tes a n d em is s ion s th a t lea ve

a n orga n iza t ion . Produ ct Ou tpu ts (PO) a re p rodu cts a n d

by-p rodu cts in clu d in g th eir pa cka gin g. Non -Produ ct

ou tpu ts com pris e s olid wa s te, wa s tewa ter a n d a ir

em is s ion s . An y ou tpu t th a t is n ot a Produ ct Ou tpu t is by

defin it ion a Non -Produ ct Ou tpu t (NPO).

“In Ma ter ia l Flow Cos t Accou n t in g (MFCA) wa s te is t rea ted a s a s epa ra te

n ega t ive p rodu ct , p roper a m ou n ts of cos ts a re a lloca ted to it in p ropor t ion to

th e weigh ts of p rodu ct a n d n on p rodu ct ou tpu t” [7 ], in th is wa y MFCA

a t tem pts to ca p tu re th e t ru e cos t of wa s te (Figu re 3 ).

Ba s ed on th is u n ders ta n d in g, th is res ea rch led to th e developm en t of a m odel to

a n a lyze th e por t folio of a n orga n iza t ion ’s ou tpu ts .

In en terp r is e en viron m en ts th e term Tr ip le Bot tom Lin e (TBL) is u s ed a s a fra m ework for

m ea s u r in g a n d repor t in g corpora te per form a n ce a ga in s t economic , s ocial a n d

environmental pa ra m eters of s u s ta in a b ility [3 ].

Th e n ew m odel s h own in figu re 4 , developed a s pa r t of th is res ea rch , cou ld be u s ed to

s u ppor t s t ra tegic decis ion m a k in g rega rd in g th e ou tpu ts of a n orga n iza t ion , th e key

in s igh t from th is m odel is th a t th ere is a poten t ia l to t ra n s form wa s te ou tpu t in to

com pet it ive co-p rodu ct ou tpu t . An exten s ive litera tu re review a cros s d is cip lin es h a s

revea led th e fu n da m en ta l u s es of wa s te (figu re 5 ).

Au th or : Sa m u el Ba u t is ta La zo

s a ba la @liv.a c.u k

Su pervis or : Dr . Tim Sh or t .

Manufacturing and Las er Engineering

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

1 . Bru n d t la n d , H., et a l., Report of th e W orld Com m is s ion on En viron m en t an d Developm en t: Ou r Com m on Fu tu re . 1987 , UNITED NATIONS: Os low, Norwa y.

2 . IUCN/ UNEP/ WWF, Carin g for th e Earth : a s trategy for s u s tain ab le livin g , Gla n d , Ed itor . 1991 , Com m u n ica t ion s for a s u s ta in a b le fu tu re: Switzer la n d .

3 . Elk in gton , J ., Towards th e s u s tain ab le corporat ion : win -win -win bu s in es s s trategies for s u s tain ab le developm en t . Ca liforn ia Ma n a gem en t Review, 1994 . 36 (2 ): p . 90 -100 .

4 . DEFRA. Key facts abou t: W as te an d Recyclin g. [Web s ite] 2006 09 / 28 / 20 06 [cited 2010 03 / 17 / 2010 ]; Ava ila b le from : h t tp :/ / www.defra .gov.u k / eviden ce/ s ta t is t ics / en viron m en t/ wa s te/ k f/ wrkf0 2 .h tm .

5 . Clift , R. a n d L. Wrigh t , Relat ion s h ips B etween En viron m en tal Im pacts an d Added Valu e Alon g th e S u pp ly Ch ain . Tech n ologica l Foreca s t in g a n d Socia l Ch a n ge, 2000 . 65 (3 ): p . 281 -295 .

6 . Clift , R., Metrics for s u pp ly ch ain s u s tain ab ility . Clea n Tech n ologies a n d En viron m en ta l Policy, 2003 . 5 (3 ): p . 240 -247 .

7 . J a s ch , C., En viron m en tal an d Material Flow Cos t Accou n t in g . Eco-Efficien cy in In du s try a n d Scien ce, ed . A. Tu kker ,TNO-STB,&T.N. Delft . Vol. 25 . 2009 , Vien n a , Au s tr ia : Spr in ger Scien ce + Bu s in es s Med ia BV

1. INTRODUCTION

WASTE

CO-PRODUCT

Figu re 4 . Ou tpu t por t folio a n a lys is .

Q1 ProductQ2 Waste

- £ Loss

£ Profit

Critical

Leader

Strategic

Error

Inefficiency

Unavoidable

Compliance

Upgrader

Alchemy Maximicers

Enablers

Satisficers

Q = quantity