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Visual Dictionary
Materials, Methods, and Equipment 1
Air Barrier Paper:a sheet material used as both a vapor retarder and an air
barrier
Attic Ventilation:
Soffit Vent:
Attic Ventilation:Ridge Vent:
Attic Ventilation:Gable Vent:
Attic Ventilation:Roof Turbine:
Backhoe:is a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a
digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm
Batter Boards:a temporary frame built just outside the corner of an
excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of
the basement that will be built in the excavation
Brick Arches: A wedge-shaped brick used in arches
Brick Arch # 1:
Roman Arch
Brick Arches:
Brick Arch # 2:
Elliptical Arch
Brick Arches:
Brick Arch with Keystone:
Jack Arch with Keystone
Brick Arches:
Centering: temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault
Brick Bonds:an arrangement of built-up brick or other units laid so that their
overlapping thoroughly ties the units together, which enables the
whole to act as a unit in resisting stresses Brick Bond # 1: Common
Every 6th Course is a Header line
Brick Bonds:
Brick bond # 2: Stacked
Bricks are stacked on top of one another
Brick Bonds:
Rowlocks:
Brick Bonds:
Headers:
Brick Bonds:
Soldiers:
Brick Bonds:
Sailor:
Brick Bonds:
Stretcher Rowlock (Shiners):
Brick Sizes:Length, Width, and Height of a Brick
Brick Size # 1:
Modular
3 5/8” wide X 2 ¼” tall X 7 5/8” long
Brick Sizes:
Brick Size # 2:
Roman
3 ½” wide X 1 5/8” tall X 11” long
Bulldozer:A heavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading
land, usually having continuous treads and a broad
hydraulic blade in front
Cladding:Exterior façade of a building that carries no
loads from the building itself
Brick Clad Structure:
Cladding:
EIFS Clad Structure:
Cladding:Stone Clad Structure:
Cladding:Wood Board Clad Structure:
Cladding:Wood Shingle/ Shake Clad Structure: strong
planked wood used for siding
Code Requirements:Egress of Bedroom Window:Window meets egress requirements for a second floor window
Width: 3 ½’, Height: 2 ½’, Area: 8 ¾ sq ft, Sill Height 24” AFF
Code Requirements:
Stairs: This stair meets IBC code requirements
Tread: 10”
Riser: 7 3/4”
Concrete Joints:an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or
component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to
minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure Control Joint:
Concrete Joints:Isolation Joint: Isolates wall from structural
steel column.used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement
of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin fixed foundation elements such as columns, building or machinery foundations, etc.
Concrete Masonry Unit:a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores,
designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone
1 CMU= 3 Brick Courses
CMU: usually 8”X8”X16”
CMU is an important structural element or it can be an interior façade over structural steel.
Concrete Masonry Units:
Different Sizes of CMU:
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units:
Split Block:
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units:
Ribbed Block:
Doors:Exterior Flush Door:
Doors:Exterior Panel Door:
Stile
Top Rail
Bottom Rail
Lock Rail
Doors:
Transom: a small window directly above a door
Doors:Sidelight: a tall, narrow window alongside a
door
Electrical Components:Underground Transformer: an electrical device
that changes the voltage of alternating current
Electrical Components:Service Head: entrance spot for the three
wires that come from the transformer to the house and pass through to the meter
Electrical Components:Meter: measures power usage of a house
Electrical Components:Service Panel: Also known as a breaker
panel, contains a main disconnect switch and circuit breakers that act as fuses for each electrical circuit
Electrical Components:Duplex Receptacle: a receptacle with more
than one outlet, a place where an appliance can be connected to an electrical circuit
Framing Elements:
# 1 Anchor Bolt:
Framing Elements:
# 2 Sill Plate:
Framing Elements:# 3 Floor Joists:
Framing Elements:# 4 Sub flooring:
Framing Elements:
# 5 Sole Plate:
Framing Elements:
# 6 Stud: Light gauge steel framing stud
Framing Elements:
# 7 Top Plate:
Faming Elements:
# 8 Ceiling Joist:
Framing Elements:
# 9 Rafter:
Framing Elements:
# 10 Roof Decking:
Framing Elements:
# 11 Sheathing:
Framing Elements:
# 12 Stringer:
Front End Loader:
An earthmoving machine with a hydraulic scoop in front for lifting and loading earthwork and rubble.
A backhoe is an excavator whose bucket is rigidly attached to a hinged pole on the boom and is drawn backward to the machine when in operation.
A bulldozer is a heavy, driver operated machine for clearing and grading land, usually having continuous treads and a broad hydraulic blade in front.
Gypsum Board:an interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core
sandwiched between paper faces
Heat Pump: a device that utilizes a refrigeration cycle either to heat or cool a
building by passing air or water over either the condensing coils or the evaporating coils
repeatedly
Advantage: Heat pumps are more energy efficient.
Disadvantage: Higher first cost than hot water heater.
Heat Pumps:Compressor/ Condenser: a device that
removes vapors like oil or water from the air stream in a compressed air line
Heat Pumps:Air Handling Unit: provides treatment for air
before it is distributed
Insulation: material used in the building assembly to reduce heat flow through the
assemblyBlanket/ Batt Insulation: used to reduce heat flow in
walls
Insulation:
Loose Fill Insulation: used to reduce heat flow in attic spaces.
Insulation:
Foamed Insulation: used to reduce heat flow in wall cavities or window cavities
Insulation:Rigid board Insulation: used to reduce heat
flow in any part of the building assembly
Lintel:a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or
door opening Concrete Lintel
Mortar:Mortar Joint # 1:
Tooled= Raked
5/8” thick
Used on a house: N mortar used
Mortar:Mortar Joint # 2:
Tooled= Concave
5/8” thick
Used on public building: N mortar used
Oriented Strand Board:a nonveneered panel product composed of long shreds of
wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded
together under pressure
Plumbing:
Lavatory:
1 ½” pipe
Plumbing:
Water Closet:
3” Drainage Pipe
Plumbing:
Manufactured Shower/ Tub:
Plumbing:Plumbing Roof Vent: maintains a system of
plumbing drains and waste lines at atmospheric pressure by connecting them to outdoor air.
Plumbing:Kitchen/ Bathroom Sink:
Integral Sink
Plywood:a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of
wood veneer bonded together under pressure Veneer: a thin layer, sheet, or facing
Radiant Barrier:a reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a
deterrent to the passage of infrared energy
Rebar:
Rebar in elevator shaft
#4 rebar
½” diameter
Deformations/ surface ribs are better for bonding with concrete
Steep Roof Drainage:Gutter: a channel that collects rainwater and
snowmelt at the eave of a roof
Steep Roof Drainage:Downspout: a vertical pipe for conducting
water from a roof to a lower level
Steep Roof Drainage:Splash back: a small pre-cast block of
concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout
Steep Roof Materials:
Under-layment: a panel laid over a sub-floor or rafters/trusses to create a smooth, stiff surface for the application of finished flooring or roofing.
Steep Roof Materials:
Clay Tile Roof:
Steep Roof Materials:
Shingle: a thin, oblong piece of material, such as wood or slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof or sides of a house.
Steep Roof Materials:Metal Panel Roof: generally galvanized or
aluminized steel
Steep Roof Shapes:Gable Roof:
Steep Roof Shapes:
Gambrel Roof:
Steep Roof Shapes:
Hip Roof:
Steep Roof Shapes:
Mansard Roof:
Steep Roof Terms:
Ridge: the level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof
Steep Roof Terms:
Valley: a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes
Steep Roof Terms:
Eave: the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof
Steep Roof Terms:
Rake: the sloping edge of a steep edge
Steep Roof Terms:Soffit: the undersurface of a horizontal
element of a building
Steep Roof Terms:
Fascia: the exposed vertical face of an eave
Steep Roof Terms:
Building w/out Fascia:
Stone:
Random Rubble:
Stone:
Coursed Rubble:
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Stone:
Random Ashlar:
Stone:
Coursed Ashlar:
Vapor Retarder:
Prevents water vapor from penetrating the insulation in the wall of a building
Placed on the inside of the insulation
Waterproofing:Rolled on waterproofing
An impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation concrete masonry units.
It prevents water from entering the building through concrete masonry units.
Weep Hole:a small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or
assembly
Welded Wire Fabric:
The welded wire fabric grid was about 5’ x 6’
Windows:Window # 1:
Casement Window: window has a sash that rotates outward from its frame on the side
Windows:Window # 2:
Sliding Window: essentially a single hung window on its side with the advantage that the track holds the sash in the frame along two sides
Windows:Window # 3:
Single Hung: sash is kept in place by a track on the vertical sides of the window.