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SUBMITTED TO : PROF. AMIT TIWARI SUBMITTED BY : ARCHANA AROMA ARPIT SONI ARTI ARUSHMA AVINASH AYUSHI SINGH (s.k)

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND TRAVEL MANAGEMENT

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THE CONVENTION OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION (ICAO)

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3INTRODUCTION• ICAO is a specialised agency which codifies the principles of international air

navigation and fosters the planning of international air transport for a safe growth.

• It is headquartered in Montreal, Canada.

• The ICAO adopts standards concerning air navigation, infrastructure, flight inspection, unlawful interference and border crossing procedures.

• ICAO also defines protocols for air accident investigation, followed by transport safety authorities in signatory countries.

• The development of aviation standards and also recommended practices are done under ICAO.

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HISTORY• Also known as Chicago Invention.• Was signed on 7 Dec 1944 by 52 states.• Came into being on 4 April 1947, became a special agency in

October of the same year.• Originally created to promote the safe and efficient development of

civil aviation.• One enduring aspect has been to help states improve their civil

aviation through projects implemented under ICAOs Technical Cooperation Program.• Technical Cooperation Programme remains a priority activity by ICAO

and supports Member States in the implementation of ICAOs policies, regulations and procedures.

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5MEMBERSHIP• As of March 2016, there are 191 member states of ICAO consisting

of 190 of the 193 UN member ( all but Dominic, Liechtenstein and Tuvalu) plus the Cook Islands.

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6ROLE OF ICAO• The ICAO adopts the standards and recommended practices concerning

air navigations.• Its infrastructure.• Flight inspection.• Prevention of unlawful interference.• And facilitation of border-crossing procedures for International Civil

Aviation.

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 REGIONS AND REGIONAL

OFFICES • ICAO World Headquarters, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

ICAO has a headquarters, seven regional offices, and one regional sub-office : Headquarters – Montreal, Quebec, Canada

•Asia and Pacific (APAC) – Bangkok, Thailand; Sub-office – Beijing, ChinaEastern and Southern African (ESAF) – Nairobi, Kenya

• Europe and North Atlantic (EUR/NAT) – Paris, FranceMiddle East (MID) – Cairo, Egypt

• North American, Central American and Caribbean (NACC) – Mexico City, MexicoSouth American (SAM) – Lima, PeruWestern and Central African (WACAF) – Dakar, Sénégal

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8ICAO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 2014-2016 

• Safety Enhance global civil aviation safety. This Strategic Objective is focused primarily on the State's regulatory oversight capabilities. The Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP) outlines the key activities for the triennium.  

•  Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency  Increase the capacity and improve the efficiency of the global civil aviation system. Although functionally and organizationally interdependent with Safety, this Strategic Objective is focused primarily on upgrading the air navigation and aerodrome infrastructure and developing new procedures to optimize aviation system performance. The Global Air Navigation Capacity and Efficiency Plan (Global Plan) outlines the key activities for the triennium. 

• Security & FacilitationEnhance global civil aviation security and facilitation. This Strategic Objective reflects the need for ICAO's leadership in aviation security, facilitation and related border security matters.

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• Economic Development of Air TransportFoster the development of a sound and economically-viable civil aviation system. This Strategic Objective reflects the need for ICAO's leadership in harmonizing the air transport framework focused on economic policies and supporting activities.

• Environmental ProtectionMinimize the adverse environmental effects of civil aviation activities. This Strategic Objective fosters ICAO's leadership in all aviation-related environmental activities and is consistent with the ICAO and UN system environmental protection policies and practices.

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10INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT

ASSOCIATION

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• FORMATION: 19 April 1945, 71 years ago in havana, cuba.• HEADQUARTERS: 800 Palace victoria montreal, Canada • MEMBERSHIP: 268 Airline(2016) • CEO: Alexandrea de junic.

• The international air transport association is a trade associations of world airlines , consisting of 268 airlines representing 117 countries, IATA supports airline activity and helps formulate industry policy and standards ...its headquarters are in monetral canada

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11 AIM• To promote safe regular and economical air transport for

benefit of the people of the world to faster the air commerce and to study the problems connected with it.

1. Safety2. Security3. Simplifying the business4. Environment

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)

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ESTABLISHMENT AND HISTORY:

• World trade Organization (WTO): World trade organization is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade among nations and ensures that trade flows as smoothly, surely and freely as possible.

• he roots of the World Trade Organization (WTO) lie in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which was established in 1948 by 23 original founders. The 8th round of talks under GATT, known as the Uruguay Round, led to the birth of the WTO on 1st January 1995. In the Uruguay Round, new agreements such as the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and Trade Related Investment Management System (TRIMS) were negotiated. All the three major agreements along with their associate agreements now rest under the umbrella organization, namely the WTO.

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MEMBERSTill 26th April, 2015 WTO has 161 member countries.

HEADQUARTER OF WTO:-WTO has its headquarter in Geneva, Switzerland.

OBJECTIVES OF WTO:-The main objective of WTO is to support its member countries to extend their trade across national borders and providing them with a framework of different agreements to abide for peaceful international business activities..

05/01/2023 15ROLE OF WTO IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS:

WTO plays an important role in promoting and protecting international trade. Its role can be understood by the following points.Helps to run smooth and fair operations: The main goal of WTO is to help the countries involved in international trade to run their operations fairly and smoothly.Helps to solve trade disputes: As trade expands in volume, in the numbers of products traded, and in the numbers of countries and companies trading, there is a greater chance that disputes will arise. The WTO system helps resolve these disputes peacefully and constructively.Trade without discrimination: Under the WTO agreements, countries engage in international trade cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Grant someone a special favor such as a lower customs duty rate for one of their products that practice is considered unfair so you have to do the same for all other WTO members.

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4.Lowering trade barriers through negotiation: Lowering trade barriers allows trade to increase, which adds to increase national incomes and personal incomes. WTO tries to minimize these barriers so as to enhance free trade.

5. Promoting fair competition: Although WTO is described as a “free trade” institution, but on the other hand it is also a system of rules and regulations for international trade to promote fair competition.

6. Stimulate economic growth and employment: WTO system motivates the member countries to produce high quality goods by using latest technology and skilled labor. These results in high profits for the Countries engaged in international trade which ultimately improves their economy and creates new employment opportunities.

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THANK YOU !