Optimization – mesh relaxation Two columns

Optimization – mesh relaxation Roof

Structure strategy- Subdivision

Structure concept- mushroom columns

Type A: Self surpport mushroom columns

Previous solution: More materials cost

65m

Choosen solution: flatten trusses.

Moment distribution: grows from bottom to top.

Compares to the former solution, saves materials, has familiar deformation.

Type B: Mushroom support trusses + Double curved roof

Guides rain water & fits the architectureconcept

Previous solution A: non-symmetrical, more materials cost, huge structure height

Expo 1970

118m

30m

Type C: Walking path, same shape logic.

Structure design

+

+

3Ps

10.000.000 kW/y from the “iceberg” and the parking

spaces

5.000.000

training& hockey

Ice skating

Energy generation from solar panels

Other uses: library, restaurant, café, bar

Energy distribution

Ventilation requirements 1st calculation final calculation

Static pressure across surface

Air velocity across surface

• Lowering the height

• Lighter construction above the rinks

34m

Stack effect

Materials

Good performance of steel

Air circulation in the ice rink

Airflow distribution in the stadium

Ice surface 4 C

Air extraction pipe Air extraction pipe

Ventilation air 15-16 C

insulation Heating under the seats

The basic technical elements of a well-working facility are: • Insulated walls and ceiling • Efficient refrigeration plant • Mechanical ventilation • Efficient heating system • Air dehumidification

Fiberglass

Heat recovery from the chiller

Cooling pipe system with heat recovery

Constant temperature on the ice surface

Acoustics

Materials 125 250 500 1000 2000

Concrete

for seats 0.36 0.44 0.31 0.29 0.39

Theater

seats

(wood,

fully

occupied)

for seats

0.5 0.3 0.4 0.76 0.8

Concrete

panel(pain

ted) walls

0.1 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.09

Ice floor 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02

Metal deck

(perforate

d channels,

75mm(3")

batts) roof

0.73 0.99 0.99 0.89 0.52

air 0 0 0 0.002 0.004

For 125 Hz the T = 2, 28 < 3

For 250 Hz the T = 2, 01 < 3

For 500 Hz the T = 2, 03 < 3

For 1000 Hz the T = 1, 74 < 3

For 2000 Hz the T = 1, 89 < 3

Reverberation time

3s

f

30m

Type C: Walking path, same shape logic.