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The class was instructed to make a PowerPoint on Alzheimer's and it's effects.
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Old Age Project: Alzheimer’s Disease
BRITTANY CLARK
PSYCHOLOGY 2078
4/16/2014
What is Alzheimer’s Disease?
Most common form of dementia (Alzheimer's Association, 2014)
50- 80% of dementia cases
Cognitive disorder
Affects mental and physical function
Memory, language, reasoning
Due to a reduced amount of acetylcholine, which helps the brain with memory
Usually occurs in middle to old age adult
However, it is not a part of normal aging (Alzheimer's Association, 2014)
Worsens over time
Effects of Alzheimer’s• Difficulty
remembering newly learned information
• Alzheimer’s begins by changing the part of the brain that affects learning
• Mood changes
• Confusion
• Difficulty doing every day activities
Causes of Alzheimer’s
Age is a primary factor in Alzheimer’s disease (Santrock, 2012). Nearly half of those older than age 85 have Alzheimer's (Mayo Clinic, 2014);
Genes can cause Alzheimer’s as well. ApoE4 is an allele that is linked to the complications that cause Alzheimer’s
(Santrock, 2012).
However, genes cause Alzheimer’s Disease less than 5% of the time (Mayo Clinic, 2014).
Lifestyle choices may also cause Alzheimer’s. Factors that increase the chance of heart disease may also increase the chance of
Alzheimer’s Disease (Mayo Clinic, 2014).
Smoking, lack of exercise, high blood pressure
How does Alzheimer’s
happen?• Still a mystery
• Each nerve cell in the brain communicates with one another.
• Alzheimer’s affects this connection.
• Changes the tissue of the brain
• Nerve cells in the brain die, the brain shrinks, and the damage spreads (NIH Senior Health, 2012).
Prevention of Alzheimer’s
To reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease:
Get educated about the disease
Stimulate your brain
Read
Play a musical instrument
Treatment of Alzheimer
Drugs
Currently do not cure the disease, but slows the progression
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Boost cell communication
Increase levels of acetylcholine
Memantine (Mayo Clinic, 2014
can be paired with cholinesterase inhibitors
Slows the symptoms
Treatment of Alzheimer’s Continued
Lifestyle
Exercise
Diet
Omega-3
May prevent mental decline
Vitamin E
May delay the effects of Alzheimer’s
Ginkgo
Substances in this plant extract may benefit Alzheimer’s
Alzheimer’s Stats
More than 5 million Americans are living with the disease.
Every 67 seconds someone in the United States develops Alzheimer's.
Alzheimer's disease is the 6th leading cause of death in the United States.
There are approximately 500,000 people dying each year because they have Alzheimer's.
1 in 3 seniors dies with Alzheimer's or another dementia.
In 2013, 15.5 million caregivers provided an estimated 17.7 billion hours of unpaid care valued at more than $220 billion (Alzheimer’s Association, 2014).
Lifestyle Policy to Suppress Alzheimer’s Disease
Physical exercise
Reduces your risk by 50% (Alzheimer’s Research & Prevention Foundation)
Healthy Diet
glial cells may help remove debris and toxins from the brain that can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (Smith, Wayne, & Segal, 2014).
Ginger, green tea, fatty fish and blueberries are a few foods to feed glial cells
Mental Stimulation
Challenging your brain reduces your risk
“Use it or lose it”
Lifestyle Policies to Suppress Alzheimer’s Disease
Sleep
Greater risk of Alzheimer’s if you have sleep deprivation
Adults need at least 8 hours of sleep.
Manage stress
Stress also puts stress on the brain.
Breathe and relax to suppress stress.
Be social
Studies show that the more social the individual is, the better their (Smith, Wayne, & Segal, 2014).
Future of Alzheimer’s Disease
Currently five FDA approved Alzheimer’s drugs
Research includes working on drugs that alter the brain changes during Alzheimer’s (Alzheimer's Association, 2014).
Researchers are also working on prevention of amyloid plaques that affect memory. Vaccination
Inject beta amyloid
Inhibiting drugs
MTC and Al-108 Reduce the tangles in the brain during Alzheimer’s
Future of Alzheimer’s Disease
2013 Alzheimer’s Disease Plan includes
Finding ways to prevent Alzheimer’s by 2025
Informing the public
Enhance care for Alzheimer’s patients
Funding research projects for Alzheimer’s
References
Alzheimer's Association (2014). Alzheimer's disease & dementia | Alzheimer's
Association. Retrieved from http://
www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp Alzheimer's Association (2014). Alzheimer's drug treatment horizon | Research Center |
Alzheimer's Association. Retrieved from http://
www.alz.org/research/science/alzheimers_treatment_horizon.asp Mayo Clinic (2014). Alzheimer's disease Definition - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo
Clinic. Retrieved from http://
www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/basics/definition/con-20023871
References
National Institute on Aging (2012). About alzheimer's disease: alzheimer's basics |
National Institute on Aging. Retrieved from
http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/topics/alzheimers-basics National Institute on Aging (2013). HHS releases 2013 Alzheimer?s disease plan update |
National Institute on Aging. Retrieved from
http://www.nia.nih.gov/newsroom/2013/06/hhs-releases-2013-alzheimers-disease-plan-
update National Institute on Aging (2012). NIHSeniorHealth: Alzheimer's Disease - What Is
Alzheimer's Disease? Retrieved from
http://nihseniorhealth.gov/alzheimersdisease/whatisalzheimersdisease/01.html
References
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life-span development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Smith, M., Wayne, M., & Segal, J. (2014). Alzheimer’s & Dementia Prevention: How to Reduce Your Risk and Protect Your Brain. Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/elder/alzheimers_prevention_slowing_down_treatment.htm
Thompson, D. (2014). Alzheimer's Research, Future Treatments - Alzheimer's Disease Center - EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved from http://www.everydayhealth.com/alzheimers/alzheimers-research-and-future-treatments.aspx