2. What is a Data? Plural form for datum, collection of
numbers, quantities, facts, or records used as bases for drawing
conclusions or making inferences. (Good, p.155)
3. What is a Data? What research is searching for and which are
subjected to analysis, statistical procedures, and interpretation
so that inferences, principles or generalization are drawn.
4. Primary Data Are those gathered from primary source Are as
follows: a) Individual person b) Organized group c) Established
practices
5. Primary Data d) Documents in their original forms e) Living
Organisms f) Man-made material things g) Natural Objects and
phenomena
6. Secondary Data are those gathered from second sources Are as
follows: a) Books b) Articles published c) Unpublished masters
degree d) Monographs, manuscripts, etc. e) All other second hand
sources.
7. Advantages of Primary Data over Secondary Data 1. The
primary data frequently give detailed definition of terms and
statistical units used in the survey.
8. Advantages of Primary Data over Secondary Data 2. The
secondary data have usually little or no explanatory notes which
often arises from transcriptions of the figures from the original
primary source.
9. Advantages of Primary Data over Secondary Data 3. The
primary data usually includes a copy of the schedule and a
description of the procedure used in the selection of the type of
sample and in collecting the data. This gives the user and ideas of
accuracy, applicability, and limitation of the survey result.
10. Advantages of Primary Data over Secondary Data 4. The
primary data are usually broken down into finer classifications.
The secondary data often omit past of combining categories, such as
showing barrios instead of sitios, or municipalities instead of
barrios.
11. Advantages of Secondary Data 1. Secondary Data are more
convenient to use because they are already condensed and organized.
2. Analysis and interpretation are done more easily. 3.Libraries
make secondary data are more easily accessible.
12. Respondents Are those individual who are asked or requested
by a researcher to supply data or information about his research
problem.
13. Categories of Data gathered from respondents 1. Facts
Personal circumstances What they do 2. Attitudes and feelings 3.
Judgements 4. Psychomotor skills
14. Categories of Data gathered from respondents 5) Results of
test and experiments 6) All other data gathered from the primary
and secondary data.
15. (Research Instruments or Tools)
16. A. Clerical Tools 1. The questionnaire method 2. The
interview method 3. The empirical observation method 4. The
registration method 5. The testing method 6. The experimental
method 7. The Library Method
17. B. Mechanical Devices Microscopes Thermometers Cameras
Rulers monitors
18. 1. The instrument of must be valid and reliable 2. It must
be based upon the conceptual frameworks or what the researcher
wants to find data 3. It must be gather data suitable for and
relevant to the research topic. 4. It should be from all kinds of
bins.
19. 5. It must gather data that would test the hypothesis or
answer the questions under investigation. 6. It must contain only
questions or items that are unequivocal 7. It must contain clear
and definite directions to accomplish it.
20. 8. If the instrument is mechanical device, it must be of
the best or latest model. 9. It must be accompanied by a good cover
letter. 10. It must be accompanied, if possible, by a letter of
recommendation from a sponsor.