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PowerPoint Presentation
Contextual Data Collection for Smart Cities
The 6th Workshop on Semantics for Smarter Cities (S4SC 2015) at The 14th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2015)Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Henrique O. Santos, LEC-UNIFOR and TW-RPIVasco Furtado, LEC-UNIFOR and CITINOVA
Paulo Pinheiro, TW-RPI
Deborah L. McGuinness, TW-RPI
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Smart Cities
Smart City is a city that is aimed to the future, i.e., with public policies to foster its safeness, sustainability, creativeness, innovativeness and so forth
Two keys points are identified: access to and understanding of city data
- It is common sense that a smart city is- In order for those to succeed, key points
Smart Cities are cities that produce relevant data thatcan be understood, derive knowledge from this dataand use that knowledge to empower the city aspects.Our definition of smart city is more generalized
Open Government Data (OGD)
City data encompasses not only datasets containing regular data from city agencies, but also datasets and streams containing monitored data from sensors deployed throughout the city
This monitored data is normally published as regular datasets (many times in CSV format) without further information about the sensor network that is behind the collection of the data
Monitored data is about data that is collected empirically by sensors deployed in the city. It talks about a measured value that is obtained while sensing a characteristic of an entity of interest
Aspects of OGD today
AspectHow it is addressedData presentation to the stakeholders- DatasetsMetadata information- Description text files- Annotations- Derived from the aboveProvenance- Dataset level: Description text files- Data level: (mostly not addressed)Context(Not addressed)
Context timeline
t
Feb 12, 2015, 11:45PM
Feb 11, 2015, 10:00AMConfiguration
DeploymentDec 28, 2015, 11:32AM
Dec 16, 2015, 9:55AMCalibration
AcquireNov 4, 2014, 12:55PM
tFebruary 12, 2015, 9:30AMFebruary 12, 2015, 11:45PM
Auto calibrationOct , 2015, 10:33AMFeb 12, 2015, 9:30AM
City sensor network
SensorsWhat is being monitored on the city?
Where are the sensors deployed?
What are the sensors capable of monitoring?Monitored data
Is this data coming from which sensor?
Can one compare two monitored values for scientific purposes?
When looking at monitored data datasets, those are the some of questions we can't easily answer today
HASNetO
The Human-Aware Sensor Network Ontology [1]
VSTO-I
OBOE
DeploymentData CollectionDatasetMeasurement
EntityCharacteristicUnitPlatform
InstrumentDetector
1. Pinheiro, P., McGuinness, D.L., Santos, H.: Human-Aware Sensor Network Ontology: Semantic Support for Empirical Data Collection. In: Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Linked Science. Bethlehem, PA, USA (2015)2. Fox, P., McGuinness, D.L., Cinquini, L., West, P., Garcia, J., Benedict, J.L., Middleton, D.: Ontology-supported scientific data frameworks: The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory experience. Computers & Geosciences 35(4), 724738 (Apr 2009)3. http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o4. Madin, J., Bowers, S., Schildhauer, M., Krivov, S., Pennington, D., Villa, F.: An ontology for describing and synthesizing ecological observation data. Ecological Informatics 2(3), 279296 (Oct 2007)
[2]
[3]
[4]
- Links and extends the PROV, VSTO and OBOE- Describes Sensor Network, Scientific Activities and Entities of interest
HASNetO-SC
The Human-Aware Sensor Network Ontology for Smart Cities
Contextualized CSV - CCSV
TimeStamp,AirTemp_C_Avg,RH_Pct_Avg2015-02-12T09:30:00Z,-4.5,66.582015-02-12T09:45:00Z,-4.372,66.452015-02-12T10:00:00Z,-4.146,65.982015-02-12T10:15:00Z,-4.084,66.222015-02-12T10:30:00Z,-4.251,67.482015-02-12T10:45:00Z,-4.185,69.852015-02-12T11:00:00Z,-4.133,722015-02-12T11:15:00Z,-3.959,70.842015-02-12T23:00:00Z,-9.63,77.882015-02-12T23:15:00Z,-10.48,80.82015-02-12T23:30:00Z,-10.96,822015-02-12T23:45:00Z,-10.1,80.7
tFebruary 12, 2015, 9:30AMFebruary 12, 2015, 11:45PM
sensessenses
sensesSOLRCCSV-loader
Ontologies(HASNetO, OBOE, PROV, VSTO)DataMetadata
data (CCSV)
data (CCSV)
expanded CSV
Sensor network description
Data browser
SPARQL / SOLR queries
Data users
Architecture
Sensor network description into the metadata storeSensors broadcast ccsv datasetsCCSV Loader loads data into data store using metadata knowledgeData browser is made available to data users
Fortaleza is the 5th biggest capital in BrazilWith more than 2.5 million residentsRead the slidesA year ago launched its open data portalMore recently, launched
Use case: Fortaleza bus transportation system
http://dados.fortaleza.ce.gov.br
Used datasetsBus checkpoints
Bus companies
Bus fleet
GPS measurements for February 2015
Checkpoint: device deployed on a lat/long that is able to tell if a particular bus is entering or leaving its area of monitoring
Domain ontology
Fortaleza bus sensor network description
- Every checkpoint became a vstoi:Instrument- Checkpoints are located in road segments, so the road segments became platforms
Aspects of OGD with HASNetO-SC
AspectHow it is addressedHow we are addressing
Data presentation to the stakeholders- Datasets- Data collections
Metadata information- Description text files- Annotations- Derived from the above- HASNetO-SC sensor network- OBOE concepts
Provenance- Dataset level: Description text files- Data level: (mostly not addressed)- PROV-O
Context(Not addressed)- HASNetO activities
Conclusion and next steps
A challenge exists in representing context in city sensor networks in a meaningful way, i.e., that can leverage the full potential the data it collects
Our work addresses that challenge by linking the monitored data to metadata (sensor network and activities) using CCSV and HASNetO-SC
We are approaching monitored data, but non-monitored data also plays a main role on smart cities. We are currently researching how to cope PROV with told data
Thank you!
Questions?
Henrique O. Santos [email protected] Furtado [email protected] Pinheiro [email protected] L. McGuinness [email protected]
10/12/15
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10/12/15