Umi Hanik Founding Members and Coordinator for Capacity Building, Indonesian Development Evaluation Community (InDEC) Monitoring & Evaluation Specialist, GRM International for Poverty Reduction Support Facility (PRSF), AusAID umihanik@gmail.com; umi.hanik@prsf.or.id | +62 817 847653 Paper presentation for the 2nd Climate-Eval International Conference on Evaluating Climate Change and Development “Tackling a Key 21st Century Evaluation Challenge” IFC, Washington, D.C. November 4-6, 2014

Linking MRV (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) of Climate Change Mitigation with National M&E System: Learnt from Current Initiatives in Indonesia

*) Disclaimer: The paper is shared mainly for knowledge sharing and academic purposes. None of the concepts, approaches, or statements in this paper should be taken as any official viewpoint of neither the Government of Indonesia nor any other agency mentioned in the paper.

National M&E system that related to climate change performance

¤  National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) is the national reference for all government institutions (line ministries and local government) including the climate change agenda, with detail: ¤  all climate change program and activity planned, funded, and conducted by all

government institutions using the state/local government budget are mandatory to provide routine M&E report refer to existing M&E systems

¤  all data related with domestic climate change finance, technology transfer, and capacity building at input-output level are provided in a timely manner

¤  climate change program is cross-activity spread at different program and institution. ¤  Each program and institution provides M&E reports refer to different

indicator reflects in each system

!

National Program and Performance Measurement Architecture

Source : Bappenas

Echelon 1 : Deputy of minister for a Government work unit Echelon 2 : Director of work unit, reporting to Deputy of Minister

Indonesia MRV system for climate change mitigation

¤  President Regulation No 61 and 71/2011 have been mandatory for Bappenas (National Planning Agency) and KLH (Ministry of Environment) to coordinate the MRV of mitigation actions and the inventory

¤  MER (Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting) is the Indonesian platform for the MRV for the mitigation actions

¤  The MER and Inventory are linked at the national level and are synthesized and analyzed in the National Communications prepared by KLH

¤  KLH submit the national communication draft to DNPI (National Climate Change Council, special unit under the President) for finalization and submission to the UNFCCC

MRV Technicalities

¤  Bappenas and KLH lead the MRV operationalization with technical

ministries/institutions/local government and other related parties

¤  The MER general guideline formally published on July 2013, very recent

¤  Substance, organization, and MER mechanism at the national and local

level. ¤  the technical guideline explains the necessary steps for data collection on

mitigation actions, measuring emission in three sectors,

¤  land-based (agriculture, forestry, and peatland), energy-based (energy,

transportation, and industry), and waste management

¤  Monitoring is conducted at activity-basis ¤  Reduced emission calculation using proxies and formula developed along

with experts and specifically experts from local universities

M&E of RAN/RAD GRK (Indonesian NAMA) and Inventory Linked to National Communication

CC Coordinating Team

RAN/RAD Secretariat

MoHA

President

Coordinating Ministry for Economics Affairs

Coordinating Ministry for Social Welfare

Line ministries/institutions:

Bappenas MoHA

KLH

Focal point/NCCC

Provinces

Districts/cities

UNFCCC

BUR

N

atc

om

Reporting RAN/RAD

Monitoring and measurement RAN/RAD

SIGN Center

Reporting Inventory

Monitoring Inventory

Source: President Regulation no 61, 71/2011

Source: Bappenas

Source: Bappenas

Progress and challenges Land-based; Energy; Industry

Land-based ¤  The progress and challenges are vary in each sector.

¤  The MRV in agricultural or land-based sector that refer to MER and SIGN system has been developed participative with Bappenas and KLH since 2012.

¤  The MRV system for land-based is coordinated by Ministry of Agriculture (Kementan) that focus to collect activity data of farming field, livestock, and fertilizer. ¤  Each data with factor will further socialize to line ministries and working unit in the

regions (Sumatera, Makassar, Medan, Surabaya). ¤  Kementan circulate the MER template to all regions to provide relevant data and

the R&D will process it into national data and submit the final version to Bappenas. ¤  Problem with high variation of land-based resulted by different measurement method

specifically in peat-land ¤  baseline and reference level, data quality and depth (issues about tier, etc), BAU Vs

scenario, standard, and leakage

¤  To address high variation, KLH or DNPI is expected to facilitate the panel judgment process

Energy ¤  The activity data of MER applied start from energy exploration to utilization ¤  Ministry of Energy (ESDM) formed working group to implement the MRV for energy that

work with support of R&D and each technical unit in ESDM. ¤  Data still limited to energy consumption and is web-based recorded. ¤  Technical competencies are in the technical unit, therefore the working group did not

apply data validation for each data submitted. ¤  The working group fully rely to technical unit for the quality assurance. ¤  Availability of data is highly depended on project, not in a routine/regular basis.

¤  When the project is end, updated data will no longer available.

¤  Ambiguous data and information related to energy consumption and supply in the RAN GRK still need to be addressed ¤  Double accounting related to data collector and method ¤  RAN GRK secretariat addressed double accounting within working group but limited to the

harmonization of data collection conducted by different institution (i.e. energy consumption

from industry or transportation).

¤  To address ambiguous data, KLH or DNPI is expected to facilitate the panel judgment process

Industry ¤  The Ministry of Industry (Kemenperin) system is not fully established

yet and is currently finalizing the institutionalization of the MRV system refers to MER

¤  KLH enacted Ministry Regulation No 12/2012 on Measurement Guideline for Oil and Gas industry ¤  the use of alternative materials, energy efficiency, technology

application to capture the CO2, operationalization and implementation, step by step guide until 2020, mid and long-term targeting

¤  Soon will be enacted for pulp, paper, and steel industry

¤  Data collection still on an ad hoc or project basis. ¤  To provide activity data, the working group work in collaboration with

Data Center. ¤  For emission data, Kemenperin involve industries and associations.

¤  i.e.: Holcim Indonesia, a member of SCI (Sustainable Cement Initiatives)

Development of a BAU baseline and emission scenarios

¤  Three levels of an emission scenario shall include: ¤  a business as usual scenario: Total absence of mitigation related

policies before enactment of RAN-GRK (e.g. use of inefficient coal fired powerplants in the energy generation sector);

¤  Base case scenario: that is the list of mitigation actions contained in the RAN/RAD-GRK, meaning the incorporation of all mitigation related actions by the sectors such as renewable energy programs, sustainable forestry and peatland management approaches;

¤  Best case scenario: Developing full fledged mitigation actions as NAMAs based on RAN/RAD-GRK and aiming at achieving -41 % emission reductions.

¤  Indonesia screens all relevant policies, whether they are explicitly climate, agriculture or rural development policies, one by one, to determine whether they should be taken into account in the baseline scenario.

u  setting a baseline is a combination of a bottom-up and top-down approach to capture different policy at national and local level

u data collection and compilation takes place at the provincial and city/district government levels.

u The first national baseline was calculated using top-down approach. u This approach was more expedient, and provided a general overview of

the magnitude of Indonesia’s emissions, but lacked accuracy. u  the refined calculation will combine both approaches to provide better

estimates. u  the preparation of the baseline scenario is seen as a dynamic process and

mechanisms are being established to allow for regular updates (at least every 5 years in line with the country’s mid-term development plans).

u Both RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK use the year 2010 as the base year for starting mitigation actions. u Only mitigation actions from 2010 and beyond are considered in the

calculation

Conclusion M&E and MRV Important Component

Learnt from current initiatives

Policy and system •  Embedded to national M&E system lessen the barriers and constraints of the integration of climate change policies and activities

•  Interconnection with national sustainable development plans and actions, with specific benefit: •  Ability to incorporate climate change and other environmental

issues into social-economic and/or sectoral plans and in efforts to national development strategy as well as to achieve Sustainable Development Goals;

•  Capacity to mainstream mitigation strategies into broader national development;

•  Ability to formulate, analyse and implement integrated strategies and policies;

•  Capacity for coordination and support mechanisms at national and local levels;

•  Ability to assess and plan for mitigation and integrated actions.

Tracking and measurement

Additional component to existing applied computer, tools, and include expert judgment for the tracking and measurement

Reporting

Research and Systematic Observation

•  Research and systematic observation to support national communications

•  Fill gaps to improve the understanding of the possible impacts of climate change and to prepare sound climate change strategies

Reporting •  Following the UNFCCC guidelines for reporting on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation

•  Following the national M&E system for reporting input-process-output on domestic climate change finance, technology transfer, and capacity building in a timely manner

Institutional arrangement

•  Using relevant M&E unit and resources at the existing institutions (Planning and monitoring bureau at all line ministries and offices at sub national level)

•  Included inter-ministerial climate change coordination committees, technical working groups, donors, and NGOs as part of the initiatives

Methodology Used international developed methodologies and national models •  Using computer models •  qualitative assessments •  expert judgement •  literature review

Education, training, public awareness

•  Using the existing modalities for promotion and capacity building •  Raise the awareness of the different target groups about climate

change including bilateral, multilateral and other international organizations.

Thank you

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