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Presentation on Design Scripts by Bas Leurs at DesignThis!
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Design ScriptsDesigning (inter)action with intentDesignThis! – Bas Leurs (December 2, 2010)
INPUTOUTPUT
My ambition: to understand how designers think and how they can improve their processes to make better and meaningful products
Remember Charlie ‘The Philosopher’ Mulholland?
Latour’s concept for describing the mediation of action by artifacts is called a ‘script’.
Like the script of a movie or a theatre play, an artifact can ‘prescribe’ its users how to act when they use it.
Bruno Latour’s scripts
Bruno Latour
You walk inYou look for you favourite spotYou sit downTake your notebookListen to the lectureMake notesApplauseLeave the auditoriumWrite a review
This lecture has also a script
Speed bumps, the scriptis: ‘Slow down!’
Examples of scripts
Paper coffee cup, thescript is: ‘dispose me after use’
Examples of scripts
John Chris Jones on
the objectives of a
designerIn Design Methods (1970)
“The designer must be able to
predict the ultimate effects of
their proposed design as well as
specifying the actions that are
needed to bring these effects
about.”
Which one would you buy?
You’ll find scripts throughout the life of a product
Manufacturing Distribution Sales Installation Maintenance DisposalConception
Selling it to the clientBuilding prototypes
Should be possible and cheap to produce and easy to assemble
Should be lightweight
Should catch the attention of the buyer
Should be easy to install
Should be easy clean and replace the bulb?How can it be repaired when it breaks?
Should be good for the environment
Striping of DutchPolice cars
Examples of scripts
Striping of Dutch Police cars:Roadblocks, visual presence, applicable to many vehicles
Examples of scripts
Password strength indicator
Examples of scripts
Password strength indicator:Persuade or challenge people to select a safe password
Examples of scripts
Wii
Examples of scripts
Wii: playing together andmoving instead of sittingon a couch?
Examples of scripts
I consider scripts a bit like ‘Automator’ scripts
With a sequence of actions
The designer has intentions how the artefact should interact with its user(s) and context.
A design script intends to affect the user behaviour (or mind) in a predictive way.
Economics & Political Sciences
Choice architectureRichard Thaler, Cass Sunstein, John Balz
In!uencing public behaviourLegislation
Architectures of controlLawrence Lessig
In!uencing public behaviour
Philosophy‘Enscription of artefacts’Bruno Latour, Madeleine Akrich
Persuasivetechnology
Persuasive technologyBJ Fogg
Design withIntentDan Lockton Game
Design
Cognition &Schemata theory
UsabilityA"ordancesDonald Norman
Event schemata (Scripts) Mandler, Schank & Abelson
Behavioural ScriptsCraig Anderson
Serious games
Educating, training and developing behaviour ,
mindsets
Change attitudes or behaviors through persuasion
EducationIntervention scriptsBarnett, Bauer, Bell, et al
UsecuesKanis, Rooden, Green
How technology a"ects peoples life
Error prevention,ease of use
Acquisition of knowledge, skills and values
Cognitive structures of knowledge
You will find the principles of scripts in many fields
But scripts can go wrong...
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I believe that there are also human centered scripts orscript routines
Scripts can be disruptive...Disrupting other scripts
Scripts can be discruptive...Disrupting other scripts
Or scripts can be misplaced
Or scripts can be misplaced
Elements of scripts
Actor (User)
Objective (intention)
Artefact (Product)
Context (Scene)
Sequence of (inter)actions
How I tend to design?
Design as learning“As a designer you gradually gather knowledge about the nature of the design problem and the best routes to take towards a design solution. “Kees Dorst in ‘Understanding Design’ (2003)
John Chris Jones on
the problems of a
designerIn Design Methods (1970)
“The fundamental problem is
that designers are obliged to
use current information to
predict a future state that will
not come about unless their
predictions are correct.”
Kolb Learning CycleLearning from external phenomena
Doing
Understanding the phenomena, drawing conclusionsWhat does it mean?
Doing an intervention What do I feelsee, hear, taste,
smell etc.?
Experiencing a phenomena
Thinking
Reviewing
Feeling
Kolb Learning CycleLearning from internal mental processes
Conception of
a script
Doing
Understanding my feelings, contemplating my intentions, definition of objectives
“Why, how. what?”
Running a scenario:Envisioning the intervention
“What if...?”
“What do I feel?”Evaluating my feelings
My gut feeling
Thinking
Reviewing
Feeling
Trending topicsDesign as Value CreationDesign to fuel Innovation
For example:Service DesignTransformation design
Why this learning process is important
We design for a world where technology is becoming more and more complex and more integrated in our daily lives
Design is becoming more holistic, less tangible and a product of multidisciplinairy teamwork.
In order to predict the outcome of your design (the behaviour it invokes), you have to learn about ‘the world’ (context, user behaviour, technology).
But learning is not enough, the make the outcome of your design predictable, you also have to make simple and robust scripts.
My best tip...
Have fun with scripting!