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Contents

Act One: The Communion of Two Dancers 5Dancing Island - The Community of the Seas 7

Act Two: Growing with an Island 9A Spiritual Connection to the Sea 11A Deep Respect for Nature 13Topography Dictates Destiny 15A Passion for Relationship 17

Act Three: Finding Herself Again 19Ocean Lifestyle 21Nature Tourism, Eco-Tourism, and Urban Eco-Tourism 23Innovation: Food, Energy and Architecture 25Collaborative Urbanism 27

Architecture 29Power Energy 30Resources 31Area 1: Greater Gadeok Seaweed Centre 32Area 2: The Reef Residences 33Area 3: Nulcha Bay Area 34Area 4: Logistic and Commerce Centre 36Area 5: New Port and Busan West Convention Centre 36Area 6: Gadeokdo Marine Theme Park 37Area 7: Gadeok Cruise Ship Terminal and Entertainment Area 38Area 8: New Busan International Airport 39Area 9: Gadeokdo Natural Park 40

International Urban Ideas Competition | Dancing Island 3

The risk is a part of the rhythm. One steps out of and into balance; one keeps on doing it…. Edwin Denby, “Forms in Motion and Thought” (1965)

Our proposal is the culmination of all delicate balances that exist in life; the delicate balance of form and function, nature and man, conformity and non-conformity, movement, social interaction, and the rhythm of life. These balances are found in every aspect of life and it is in our proposal that these balances find their equilibrium and harmony. As in dance urban planning is a struggle about leadership and finding common ground. It is also a form of expression and a nonverbal communication. It is a dance between nature and man, daring, provocative and spiritual. On a search for the new, the unexpected, and to celebrate the diversity of expression, developing the art form, its artists and its appreciative audience.

The title, The Dancing Island, refers to dancers on a stage, created by our artistic design team, of two young contemporary dancers, all of whom inhabit these writings. Though much, including several oceans, lies between us, this design presentation explores the divergences: between the dancers and their audience, between a futuristic metropolis and an uninhabited forest. In summoning this proposal as a collaborative presence, we accommodate 21st century sensibilities in language and image within a contemporary freedom of form. As in Edwin Denby’s description of the dance step (above), This proposal steps out of, and into emotional and other balances, within both the dancers and the geography and the spaces between them though dance, and the dancer, is always discovered at the centre of their resolve and resolution.

A study of two dancers reveals the subtleties of similarity and difference. Although articulated in this contemporary program as an exploration of how an individual defines oneself within a close relationship, it is more an exploration of sharing space; the dancers move organically between roles of soloist, support and equal partner. Individuality does not need to be defined, given the level of understanding and mutual respect. The space to be oneself is granted with sensitivity. The effect is not so much a symbiosis or a blurring of two characters, but an expression of subtle adjustments that if we are lucky, we can find and create a balance in close and long-standing relationships with man and nature.

Act One: The Communion of Two Dancers

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Overall Design Approach / Programming Areas

Development AreasUrban Area & ResidencesTourism & Entertainment /Cruise Ship Terminal & Marine Theme ParkBusiness & Logistics /New PortIndustryInfrastructure

Protected Natural AreasNature & Eco TourismOcean & Resources

Buffer ZonesSea Weed Area & Urban Argiculture /Sport & Leisure /Marine Residences

9. Gadeok-do Natural Park

3. Nulcha Bay

1. Greater Gadeok Sea Weed Centre

4. Logistic and Commerce Centre - New Port

5. Busan West Convention Centre

7. Cruise Ship Terminal

8. New Busan International Airport

2. The Reef Residences

6. Atlantis Marine Theme Park

10. Sport Leisure and Urban Agriculture

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Gadeokdo - Programming ElementsNatural Areas

Living & Resi-dences

Public Facilities

Arts & Culture

Infra-structure

Local & Regional Tourism

Sports & Recrea-tion

Water-front & Sea Shore

Business & Com-merce

Protected Natural Areas and Ocean

/ nature parks/ migratory bird habitat & wildlife cor-ridors/ ocean life

/ existing vil-lage lifestyle/ existing fishing and aquaculture lifestyle

/ hiking path/ existing hos-pitals, schools and senior facilities

/ land art / heritage areas

/ local roads & bicycle lanes

/ interest spots, bird watching, lighthouse, signaling station, etc.

/ hiking/ diving/ biking, etc.

/ natural beaches and rock seashore

/ existing sea weed farming and agriculture

Buffer Zones

Transition Zones between Nature and Urban Areas

/ recreational parks/ agriculture & sea weed farms / wetlands & water reservoirs/ wildlife habitat & cor-ridors

/ existing villages, low density, single family houses/ marine residences

/ nature Infor-mation centre/ hiking path/ existing hos-pitals, schools and senior facilities

/ land art/ art & cul-ture centre/ heritage areas

/ local roads, parking lots/ bicycle lanes

/ recreational trails, hiking/ camping ground/ sea weed centre / education & information centre

/ multi-purpose fields (football, baseball, etc.), / golfing/ diving, hiking/ sports centre

/ natural/ beaches/ small marina/ shore area recreation

/ convenient facilties (daily needs, local products, etc.) / small shops / local farm-ers market/ sea weed centre

Development Areas

Urban Areas with sustainable Connection to Nature

/ neighbour-hood parks/ urban agriculture

/ intensive residential development (medium to high density), town houses and apart-ments

/ schools, libraries, re-search centre, universities/ social welfare, senior housing, hospitals/ public squares & promenades

/ galleries,/ theaters/ centre of performing arts

/ roads, parking lots/ public transporta-tion, light rail train/ pedestrian areas, bi-cycle lanes,/ ferries

/ main tourism centre/ cruise ship terminal/ lodging / hotels/ casino/ aquarium, theme park, museums

/ indoor pools, indoor sports facilities/ tennis and basketball courts/ roller blade and skate board parks

/ public beaches, boardwalks, waterfront/ main mar-ina, harbour, ferry docks- shore area recreation

/ convenience facilities/ business district & international exchange & distribution facilities/ shopping district

Since the beginning of time, Gadeokdo represents nature. Its people have thrived on the ebb and flow of its bountiful biotic mass in a ritual, synchronized with the rhythms of the waves and seasons. While Busan City, as major natural harbor, stands for business and trade.

Today, with this entry, our team sees the two as enchanted dancers interacting, to create the world’s first community of the seas. It consists of maritime research, - trading, - living and - recreational life.

At its core we suggest a University of Oceanic Studies serving the North East Asian theatre. A research centre of renown, offering solutions in the world’s search for alternatives in food – energy using the ocean as a resource.

Dancing Island - The Community of the Seas

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Air. The key to everything, is air.

We breathe the air. We move through the air. We feed off the air. We live in the air. It surrounds us, it follows us, it fights us, it affects us.

The air is affecting me now. Lively and shimmering with exhilaration and pride, its energy pulsing through me. My senses are heightened. I am aware of everything.

The air is awake. It is a misty morning, and only the air is restless while the earth wakes slowly. Colour vibrates through the mist; greens, purples, grays, reds, pinks. The blue-grey of the water is stationary. These colours reflect lazily across its surface, much like the opening of a butterflies wings. The air is very awake now. It rustles the identical leaves and ripples through the folds in my hanbok like the constant waves. The subtle sounds are shouts of annoyance; the air is impatient for the dance to start, yet I am not.

A stationary girl waits by my side. When I give her my eyes, she shows the same impatience as the air. I must smile kindly. It is not time to dance.

Air splashes my face, grasping my attention again. This time it brings smells: abundant flowers, the needles of forest cedars, silk on my shoulders. The many pink camellias are the strongest. There is another flavour in the air, as I take in a breath with my lips. This air is cold, this... is pure. Pure excitement, pure pride. That is what I taste in the air. Excitement in the dance. Pride in my country.

A crowd has gathered; they are waiting as we are, waiting, waiting...

Time has almost come. People are still, but the air roars on. Brushing my fingertips along a tingling current, the girl and I position to start. A glance between us locks our intensity. Now we are ready. The ground rumbles with tradition. Many ancestors before us have danced as we do. They lend us the ability to dance with the same feeling. I see the mist trembling with the air.

Tradition and growth, balancing together. The dance has begun.

Act Two: Growing with an Island

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West Coasttypical rias shore /curved capes and bays /speed of water in bays relatively calm, optimal for marinas and harbours /1.4m tidal

East Coasttypical rock shore /cliffs, caves /speed of water relatively fast /high ocean waves /1.4m tidal

Limit of Shipping Channel Harbor Limit

Ship Wreck

Connection to Sea FFishing Villages

New Port

Fish Haven

Sea Weed Growing Area

Rock Coastline

Light House

Local Fishing Harbour

Nulcha Bay - Tideland

Mouth of Nakdong River land-tied island phenomenon /natural sedimentation rapidly progressing

Breakwater

Annual Grey Mullet Festival

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The narrow walkways outside our local fish festival are where the action is most hectic. Dried flatfish, moray eels and cuttlefish adorn al fresco stalls, while tables groan under the weight of huge purple octopi, buckets of garish sea squirts and spiny sea urchins, and bowls of assorted crabs, shrimp and shellfish. All this happens while local residents haggle over wriggling eels and iridescent anchovies. The newer, multi-storied buildings, which house the live seafood stalls and restaurants, make for a less frantic yet equally diverting experience. In overcrowded aquaria fish of all shapes and colors thrash about. Workers in gaudy yellow aprons mix up thick seafood stews and sauces, fillet fish with razor sharp blades, and take the latest customer orders.

Surrounded by water, Gadeokdo always has had a deep connection to the ocean and marine life. Extensive aquaculture has been practiced in Korea for several hundred years, but modern intensive culture, including the surrounding shallow reef waters of Gadeokdo, consists of seaweed and shellfish farming. Aquaculture in the region emerged in the 1960’s, and has shown tenfold growth up until this present day. Based on the Korean Land Use Statistics in 2007, Gangseo-Gu’s total fish farms represent 42% of Busan’s total fish farms.

A stone’s throw from downtown Busan, Gadeokdo is thriving off the demand for Korean seafood. Conventional type gray mullet fishing (Sungeo deuri)’ has been practiced for over 100 years. The small fishing village is running as a “fishing experience” tourism village, and the village’s annual Gray Mullet Spring Festival attracts numerous locals and tourists. This event helps promote tourism and the fishery culture and marine products of the island. The Gray Mullet Spring Festival is an example that resonates the village’s legacy and pride. These days the village has swelled and its well-protected harbor is home to a diverse flotilla of fishing craft, from bobbing rowboats through to sizeable, rust-streaked trawlers.

North of Gadeokdo, due to its natural harbor

and gentle tides lies, the largest port in the country and the fifth largest container port in the world. It nestles in the Nakdong River Valley, surrounded by the ocean on one side, mountains on the other. The new harbor port construction and the construction of the Busan-Geoje Bridge are currently the largest development projects on Gadeok Island. This new construction is affecting the water quality and natural habitats in Nulcha Bay, a bay which serves as a harbour for local villagers and fishermen and is an important migratory bird and wildlife feeding area.

Nulcha Bay it is part of the Nakdong River Estuary. It has a large area of about 10,000 hectare. Inter-tidal flats have been well developed around uninhabited sandbars. Comparatively warm winter and cool summer makes it a good habitat for various wildlife. As freshwater is mixed with seawater, a large area of brackish water zone is formed around it. Geographically, Korean Peninsula and Nakdong River Estuary bridge the ocean and the continent. Lots of birds come to stay in this estuary due to the above-mentioned good conditions. Once this area was well known as “one of the most important water bird habitats in Asia region”. For this reason, the estuary was designated as a Natural Monument in 1966, and is protected by five different laws presently.

The many amazing rock formations of the east coast shoreline serve as bird habitat and tourist destinations for activities such as fishing and sightseeing. Important fish areas are located on the southeast shore of the island.

At first I am listening, walking with rhythm, the sound of my steps creaking on the shredded dock and the ocean crashing beside me. The fisherman here operate individually with their own motorboats and nets. You constantly hear one fisherman calling to others. There is a large crowd surrounding a man with a net. The man is using a wooden hammer to separate his catch from the net. You can also hear the local people, including children, adolescents, and older women who are watching him...

A Spiritual Connection to the Sea

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Ecological Valuable Area Bird / Animal Feeding and Drinking Area

Ecological Base

Ecological Axis & Connection between Yondae Peak and Guksu Peak

Dongback Gunsangjiwild camellia colony

Nulcha Bay - Tideland

Slope 0% - 10%

Slope 40% - 90%

Water Reservoirs

Natural Creeks & Irrigation Canals

Cultural Property Protection Region /Seasonal Birds Arriving Place

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South Korean culture traditionally has adapted to, and found meaning in the order of nature. People taught their children the meaning of respect and reverence for nature. They honoured these beliefs as law and it brought order into their daily lives. Respect for nature has long been inscribed into traditional Korean life.

Centred by the highest peaks of the Yeondae Mountains, Gadeokdo’s sceneries range from the white-sand beaches that connect Nulcha and Dongseon to the northeast coastline, the open sea, to the broad pebble field of Daehang Saebaji to the southeast and Yongdu Rock that leads to the camellia forest. Rare rock formations pepper the cliffs by Gadeok’s lighthouse.

As young teenagers we would ride up the steep mountain and down the other side, this set the pattern for the entire island, a series of mountains, coves, and small villages. There are no major roads around the island. The roads are little more than concrete paths, perfect for our bikes, but sometimes no more than a narrow walkway between buildings.

Eco-tourism is a vital industry to Gadeokdo. Visitors travel to the island to experience the island’s natural and cultural features, the mountain vistas, distinctive rock shores, beaches, and forests.

Gadeokdo’s east coast area contains abundant Camellia forest colonies, where some are over 150 years old. Being one of the cultural heritages of the island, the camellia colony not only enhances the biodiversity of the area, it also represents what the locals value. In addition, the east coast shoreline has many distinctive rock formations that serve as a bird habitat and tourist destinations for activities such as fishing

and sightseeing. Running across the four main peaks of the island (Guksu, Bongsu,Mae and Sambak), they together from an ecological axis that is vital to plants and provide habitats where wildlife rest and feed.

Nulcha Bay’s intertidal habitat is especially important to migratory birds due to its proximity to the Nakdong estuary. Some important bird species at the Nakdong estuary include the critically endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper, threatened Falcated Duck, and the Saunders’s Gull. With all the inherent nature and culture assets on the island’s east coast, it is plausible to suggest the Gadeokdo Island’s tourism success has a strong correlation to its natural setting and cultural features.

At any time, the paths and roads can end at a farm house, or a beautiful outcropping of rocks. When we would ride to one of these dead ends, we could only turn around and enjoy the view on the ride back. Many of the houses on the island are very old and little more than shacks, but they are someone’s home. Life on the small island remains very traditional.

In art, literature, and leisure, Koreans express a deep passion for nature. In construction, whether it is a house, a palace or a temple, the desire to be in harmony with nature is evident still to this day. Attention to surroundings and to the presence of nature is foremost in the minds of Koreans when selecting building sites. This desire to work with and represent nature spills over into the fine arts and is expressed in the representations of animals in pottery or splendid landscapes done in watercolours. The Korean aesthetic sense is deeply rooted in nature.

A Deep Respect for Nature

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138m

359m

460m

269m

Cheonseongjin Fortress

Bongsu Peak (459.4m)Signaling Station

Armed ForceVeteran Monument

Chunghonbi 23

GadeokdoCheckhwabi

Independence ActivistMonument

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Summer Wind

Winter Wind

Topography Dictates Destiny Looking OutwardLight HouseFortressMountain Peaks

Looking InwardBuddhist Temple Looking BackwardMonuments Relicts

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Topography Dictates Destiny

Gadeokdo has the extreme fortune of a location that can combine both marine and inland transportation systems such as a port, a railroad and an airport. Due to the advantageous location on the Pacific rim it is literally a gateway to the economic arena in Northeastern Asia. In Gadeokdo, the culture of p’ungshu lives, topography and geography dictates destiny. Everything about the island is always looking out to the rest of the world and the future.

I would sometimes sneak out at night, climb up to the beacon footing and spend hours looking out over the sea, which seemed to unfurl and wrap itself around the globe. I would sometimes feel like I could reach out and stroke its smooth rind. Gentle waves crest and fall, etching ornate grooves in the beach sand below me. I want to curl up on this distant shore and lose myself forever.

The penchant for looking out and looking forward can also be seen in technology and art. Architecturally, early island locals perfected ventilation techniques and solved drainage problems as seen in a stone grotto temple constructed on the island. Its design kept the underground structure clean and dry.

Since the end of the Korean War, Korean culture has emphasized the importance of education, resulting in a ninety-eight percent literacy rate. Korea is one of the most literate societies in the world paving the way for Korea’s leadership role in technology. It is through the Korean values of diligence, hard work, and education that make this success story possible. This story exemplifies the Korea’s ability to look outward and towards a new and brighter future.

Bongsudae (a beacon mound) is located on the Yeondae peak, 459m above sea level and the highest point on Gadeokdo. Though one cannot be certain of the year of its installation, it is believed that it was built around the time of King Euijong of Goryo Dynasty. This signaling station is the closest located to Japan’s Daema Island.

Belonging to the primary signaling network, Dongraejikbong, it played an important role as a signaling station, connecting to the Sahwarang beacon in the west, passing over 200 kilometers through Korea to Chungju-si in the north, and connecting to the Seonghwangdang beacon in Youngcheon, and in the east, it communicated with the Eungbong beacon of Dadaepo.

For its time, the beacon system was at the cutting edge of communication through the country and served a highly critical role in the society. It is no surprise that Korea is among the most technologically advanced and linked societies in the world to date. Innovation is behind most Korean economic growth. More than 30 million people, 64 percent of the South Korea population, use cell phones and also has the eighth highest cell phone subscriber base. More than 24 million South Koreans tap into the internet, placing Korea among world’s top five internet-linked countries. The mission of the lighthouse was to guide me through all of my perils. Night and day, in any kind of weather, its steady light would rotate in every direction, illuminating the safe harbor to travelers on sea and land. When fog shrouds its beacon, the lighthouse still shines and adds a loud horn to make sure all those within its range get the message.

Gangseogu, the Gadeokdo Lighthouse was constructed in December of 1909 during the age of the Korean Empire. It has an overall height of 40.5m and includes a 9.2m tall light tower. The lighthouse tower was constructed in a Gothic style, similar to the lighthouse towers found in France. The upper hanging board has engraved on it a pattern of plum flowers, which is the symbol of the Joseon imperial household. The Gadeokdo Lighthouse retains its original western style structure. Hence, this as cultural heritage that shows yet a greater worth as a cultural treasure, and is also assigned as one of the perpetuation properties by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fishers.

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A Passion for Relationship

Like most regions in Korea, the island is symbol for a relationship-based society. A relationship is even more clearly established when a person compares their status with another. Knowing whether the other person is superior or inferior is very important. The modern ritual of exchanging business cards among new acquaintances stems from Korean’s wish to determine their comparative status. In the traditional society, people were born to this island and did not move outside the island. Each village had to be self-sufficient. To sustain village stability, there had to be a way to decide each resident’s status so that they could live in harmony. There was the need for a sense of order, propriety, and appropriate behaviour.

Korea was one of the earliest of the present-day nations of the world to emerge and remain clearly on the map of history. By the end of the seventh century it was essentially the same country it is today, in population, underlying culture, language, and general geographical extent.

At the core of village organization is a segmentary, exogamous, patrilineal lineage system. Meticulously written lineage genealogies validate a person’s membership in a lineage. Gadeokdo island chokpo, originated from two basic convictions of traditional life: the belief that one’s identity and social status was earned by the virtue and achievements of one’s ancestors, and the need to have accurate decent records in order to maintain the integrity and efficacy of the ancestral rituals. Many people, including professional specialists themselves, will see what a wealth of historical detail can be found in genealogies, how much insight can be gained into both the ancient and recent past, how in many cases they can be used to advance

how in many cases they can be used to advance more general research, and simply how much sheer drama and excitement they can hold in their pages.

As a young girl, I was infinitely stirred by the ceremonies and dances that had been passed on by many of my imaginative ancestors. Every breath I took on stage had been exhaled by them, it was a study on understanding the difference between authenticity and ethnicity.

Another dimension of this proclivity is the two opposing ethical or value systems which affect ordinary, everyday behaviour. One is formal and explicit; largely lineage-oriented and embodies a clearly structured hierarchical system of rank and authority that is closely linked with aristocratic traditions. The contrasting system reflects an egalitarian community ethic; it is informal and has no set code of moral principles, although many aspects of it are expressed in proverbs and other folk sayings. Among the important values are mutual assistance and cooperation among neighbors, hospitality, generosity and tolerance in dealing with both kin and non-kin.

I stepped into the semi-lit room and was greeted by more than the family I expected; there was a crowd. Everyone greeted me warmly with “You’re most welcome.” We were a small village of happy people. I grew up in a community that kept its doors open; neighborhood children would claim the road for games of football and stickball, and adults spend their evenings perched on rock walls talking together. I grew up with a space of vibrant energy and sincere friendliness.

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The dance has begun. I can feel the growth of tradition in my core. I can feel the excitement and pride of the crowd. I feel... old and new, all at the same time.

My mind wanders. Foremost, my focus is on the dance; the movement through my shoulder, elbow, wrist, flowing as if moved by some other force than my thoughts; an instinct to compliment my partner, dancing on the same wave, as we spin and bend, the crowd watches on. A face here, a face there, all melding together, yet made of individuals...

There is a man watching off to the side. He is somber, his eyes holding some strange emotion that darkens his brow. He has lived here always, as his father, as his grandfather. He watches the two dancers; one raised in his village, one arrived from across the ocean. Worlds apart, yet connected by a deep root in tradition. He smiles...

There is a girl sitting in front of the crowd, her legs folded under her clumsily. She is here on vacation, her mother standing behind. She watches the two dancers; they do not seem different, they are only beautiful, graceful and poised. The girl longs to be a part of the dance. A dancer looks her in the eye. She smiles...

I get lost in the faces, but the rhythm pulls me back. This ancient scene is before my eyes, but my past flashes behind them.

Material swishes around my legs. Bright pink catches my eye, and I am suddenly in front of the store window on the way between my old apartment and my favourite coffee shop, staring at the beautiful dress I loved to imagine myself in. Wind breezes past my face, and I am suddenly bracing myself against the gale coming with the arrival of the subway train on a Saturday, on my way to meet my mother for lunch. I can smile at my memories, still holding anticipation for new discoveries here.

The dance continues. The dance between the two of us. The dance between the music and the audience. The dance between the air and the nature around us. The dance between the past... and the future. Music fades, and we sway to a stop. The dance has ended, but this is just the beginning.

Act Three: Finding Herself Again

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Ocean Lifestyle

Limit of Shipping Channel Harbor Limit

Ship Wreck

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Supporting Villages

Heritage Fishing Village

Marina

Tideland / Wetland

Sea Weed Centre

Beach Promenade

Shore Area Recreation

Marine Tourism

Fish Market

Marine Residences

Artificial Reefs

Light House

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The hotel we were staying in was built on the highest part of the narrow tongue of land between the port and the open sea. The vantage from my grand bay window was not replicable, it was a place where romance is as natural as the waves caressing the shores of a secret cove at midnight. The ocean seemed like a place of safety and serenity, where an astonishingly surreal beauty and a languid pace of life conspired with an enviable warm ocean breeze to provide a unique backdrop for this tender living experience.

In much our architecture, including the newest oceanfront units, something is missing: the traditional wall. In its place we feature panels of large, operable glass walls that open effortlessly, then offer unobstructed water vistas, more sunlight, natural ventilation and the ability to make more of indoor/outdoor living and entertaining space. Oceanside living represents a homeowner’s desire to partake in the beauty and the restlessness of nature.

The city of Busan has the ambition of leading a blue revolution. The key goal of our development plan is the creative establishment of Gadeokdo as an integral component of this ocean capital, integrating industries, capable persons, central services related to the sea. It is to align our thinking with the critical urban planning that has led to the direction of the Ocean Capital 21 Plan, the construction of the first ocean and logistic city in the world.

Our approach is to efficiently equip this area of the city with world top-class ocean infrastructure, to set the framework for global logistics facilities for marine products, the design of an advanced ocean city with abundant ocean qualities, building education at the cornerstone of an information city full of well-informed persons related to the sea capable of centrally managing decision-making and information exchange in this field.

As well, our masterplan of Gadeokdo supports the first ocean environment city in the field of

the sea conservation, preservation of water front space, and settlement at ocean space in Asia. It will be the leading core city in advanced ocean tourism by the promotion of cruise tour and construction of a huge oceaneum.

The sea mist blew in front of me, slowly and gently settling on my face. I neared the open-air plaza, the buzzing atmosphere of the new Lotus cluster, the main artery for tourist activity on Gadeokdo. The light sweater I wore was just right for the stroll. The branches swayed from the Camellia trees that lined the water promenade, while the sun held itself at a perfect angle casting a warm glow on the fine sandy beaches and the luxury hotels, boutique shops, restaurants and apartments facing the ocean. Cars sat in traffic along side buses, bikes, motorcycles and pedestrians. Blue chairs dotted the walkway, most where empty but a few were occupied by men and women huddled together in conversation and a sprinkle of locals and tourists basking in the afternoon sun.

The physical part of the multi-modal transportation strategy is a mass marine mobility system with solar and hydrogen powered ferries, fantastic waterside biking trails, small-car boulevards, and an over-water hanging light rail transit system, that will take locals and tourists around the island.

From a transportation perspective, in order to maintain that delicate balance between natural ocean living and urban infrastructure development, we will also address operational inefficiencies by reducing business travel through schedule optimization, setting up infrastructure for videoconferencing and other technology, reducing idling time, locating facilities in transit rich environments, locating facilities where goods, services and community amenities are within walking distance and supporting telecommuting and alternative work schedules.

Ocean Lifestyle

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Eco Tourism

138m

359m

460m

269m

Ecological Base

Ecological Axis & Connection between Yondae Peak and Guksu Peak

Dongback Gunsangjiwild camellia colony

Wetlands - Bird Watching Areas

Water Reservoirs

Sea Weed Centre

Hiking Trails

Grey Mullet Festival

Light House

Heritage Fishing Village

Mountain Peaks

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Nature Tourism, Eco-Tourism, and Urban Eco-Tourism

Tourism is an important industry to Gadeokdo. Visitors travel to the island to experience the island’s natural and cultural features (mountain views, distinctive rock shores, marine products, authentic fishing village life), and therefore these features must be integrated into the new development if this island experience is to be maintained. The practice of nature tourism as an agricultural and fishery management strategy will help Gadeokdo maintain its existing farming and fishing practice, while at the same time promote the island’s tourism. Restricted development zones, especially on the east side of the island and in Nulcha Bay, are necessary to preserve the island’s natural assets, such as the wild Camellia colony and migratory bird areas. By doing so, it will help maintain and enhance the island’s existing tourism reputation for rural and nature experience.

We had wandered away from the hustle of our press conferences and media requests, I snagged a close friend and we hiked up at dusk to the hillside plateau overlooking the magnificent region. The view was exceptional as the twinkling lights of Busan City can be seen far and wide, across the peninsula and the harbour port area. Step by step, we felt like we were awakening our senses, we were exploring and learning, treasuring the natures’ beauty at every turn. We found ourselves climbing rocks, walking the trails, swimming through meadows and grasses, often close to the surface that some sail. We listened intently with our hearts, it reminded us of the intuition of the experience of dance, just knowing when it was the right time to act. We heard the wild calling, and for the first time we did not rush.

The Gadeokdo experience is the travel through and enjoyment of the natural world, its seasonal cycles and events, carried out in a manner that promotes the protection of natural and human communities and consideration for those who will inherit our world. A sustainable nature tourism plan industry is directly related to the type, amount and quality of natural capital in community. This island has a lot to offer. Natural capital of any given area provides valuable

ecosystem services such as flood control, air-flow and quality, soil fertility, biological diversity, aesthetics and recreation potential.

Our nature-based tourism encompasses areas like eco-tourism, agro-tourism, rural and community-based which are again forms of sustainable tourism.

Our eco-tourism principles, which reference the undisturbed or remote destinations of Gad-eokdo, can also be applied to urban context as well and offer great potential to the tourism in-dustry. Our urban sustainable tourism strategy covers multiple industries including recreation, transportation, and organic food supplies. It in-cludes a concept that promotes environmental responsibility, local economic vitality, cultural diversity and experiential richness.

I have been stirred by the substance of the traditional Busan approach to life, with its per-petual quest for harmony between humankind and nature, suspended in time between the past and the future. It seems there is a celebra-tion of life, a symbolic energy that brings and represents the passion of my own approach to modern dance and what maintains the natural order of its movement.

Gadeokdo has many great strengths to estab-lish itself as a jewel in this thriving industry. Its wide expanse of forest areas, wildlife nature and recreational parks: The presence of nature areas within and nearest vicinities of Busan City can provide an ideal and an unmatched atmo-sphere to the residents and eco-tourism en-thusiasts of the city to experience ecology. The development of a marine transit system, with simple connections to the key areas of tourism and integrated plans for resource and facilities for education, interpretation and awareness, museums, interpretation centres, oceaneums and visitor’s centres that provide ample scope for learning opportunities and awareness gen-eration among the visitors about the value of natural areas, sea life, environment and forests, flora and fauna to human society.

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Future Technology FoodAquaculture & Seaweed FarmingTerrace Gardens Water Freshwater ReservoirRainwater Harvesting & Greywater Treatment

EnergyTidal Power TurbinesTidal Power WavesSolar PowerWind Power

Public TransportationRapid Transit

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For a long-term planning strategy that establishes the essential building blocks for a sustainable future in Gadeokdo, it is necessary to integrate existing agricultural, fishery and energy practices with the urbanization development. Importing food and power from other countries to sustain the urban population is not a reliable and financially efficient solution, and with countries such as China and India’s urbanization happening rapidly, the demand and stress on supplies will become more competitive and costly.

Our masterplan suggests that existing agriculture plots will be preserved, and more efficient agriculture technologies and organic fertilizers will be introduced to create a more self-sustaining, cyclical food system. Food production will be geared towards efficiency and information awareness. Nutritionally there will be a focus on superfoods and high impact supplements. Some key components to support Gadeokdo’s food production include terrace farms, seaweed, and fish farms. Urban agriculture practices will also be planned in the proposal development in order to better intertwine urban infrastructure with living systems that generate food.

The farmer’s markets and roadside stands are bursting with the mid-summer’s city harvest: onions, beets, tomatoes, peppers... Walking up to the stand I realized that what I was buying was a manifestation of a person’s love for working their land, growing food, and beautifying their town.

With proper support and management to the agriculture and fishery industry, a regional marketing plan with a well-defined brand will promote the island’s agriculture and marine products will also help promote Gadeokdo Island’s tourism industry, and in turn help generate more job opportunities.

The definition of zero energy changes as you move from building scale to urban scale and

Innovation: Food, Energy and Architecture

then back out to global scale. A number of mechanical systems for improving the energy performance of a building include underfloor air systems, chilled beam systems, and other mechanical methods. We also evaluated our approach to our overall business envelope because quite a bit of energy use is related to solar gain and conduction through the façade. Also noted, one of the major energy uses within the buildings is lighting. One way to reduce this is to use daylight and daylight controls, and to use occupancy sensors and controls. However, day lit spaces are often more pleasant to work in and there’s a body of work that shows that good lighting can lead to productivity gains.

Once the energy demand has been reduced as low as it can be we can start to look at more carbon efficient ways of generating electrical power. An integrated renewable energy system is proposed for the reinvented Gadeokdo. A combination of solar, wind, bio-reactor, bio-fuels, seaweed and tidal energy will be the main power tools to supply energy across the new development. Active solar energy harvesting includes installing solar panels on all south facing rooftops of the proposed architectures. Solar water heating systems will also be integrated into the building systems. In addition, tidal energy systems will be situated offshore, on the southeast of Gadeokdo to catch the northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast ocean currents. If power is generated close to a heat use then the heat can be used to do useful work. This might include heating the building, heating domestic hot water for the building or providing cooling using a steam driven absorption or turbine driven chiller. The best solutions start with shared resources with the adjacent buildings, and then with the rest of the region, and then within the country.

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Collaborative Urbanism Communication Hub

Tourism Hub

Transportation Hub

Education & Research Hub

Business & Commerce Hub

Entertainment Hub

Nature Hub

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Collaborative Urbanism

Gadeokdo is a pristine location in Busan untouched by any major development until recently. It appears that a futuristic, logic-based and collaborative approach must be taken into account if the island’s natural features, heritage, and traditions are to dance in communion with the rising tide of urbanism.

We have come to develop a sustainable solution, which empowers planners, developers, taxpayers, and government city management to make more informed decisions, but also to take advantage of new streams of revenue potential. This asset includes a complex geo-referenced information management system, developing real-time applications and live-data monitoring, touch screen information panels, web-based 3D information, geo-targeted advertising solutions, augmented reality experiences, public consultation and feedback interaction, simulation models, 4D and 5D maintenance planning and risk management programs.

It is obvious to any visitor that Gadeok-Busan has become a capital of modern ocean architecture. The creative director of the dance festival had suggested we embark one of the new eye-catching mixed reality mobile app city tours that had become so fluent with both the locals and tourists. It was incredible to have so much access to information running through our fingertips, to actually see technology being put to work in physical world I was looking at. It was a delightful day of wandering around interactively with the architecture, learning in depth about the built-environment, Gadeokdo of the past, present and future.

This overall framework is related to technological innovation that runs like a ribbon through all of the development areas. It is laying the infrastructure foundation for the eventual shift from fossil carbon to hydrocarbon based power, increasing the capacity and security of information and communications technology to facilitate higher quality interactions at a distance, the rapid improvement in demand management and pricing technologies to ensure that consumers are receiving the most immediate and accurate information.

Gadeokdo will be transformed into a green asset to the Busan City, the region, and beyond through the establishment of a large open green parks which will be allocated to open space. The site plan also includes a number of neighborhood parks and plazas interspersed throughout the residential areas. Each residential neighborhood is designed around local neighborhood parks that are protected from the wind and feature good solar orientation. These parks offer an alternative to the vastness of the protected conservation areas providing intimate spaces for every resident to enjoy. Each park can take on a character of its own with different landscaping choices and different levels of activity. These parks create a green ribbon, linked by pedestrian-oriented lanes that offer residents pleasant, people-friendly connections between the residential neighborhoods and the retail area, ferry and transit hub.

Our ferry and transit mobility hubs optimize transit-oriented development potential and identify and implement incentives to promote transit-oriented development, such as streamlined planning and building approvals and reduced development application fees. They provide a range of amenities for travellers such as retail uses, restrooms, community spaces and tourism information. It will improve the travelling experience through the use of public art, landscaping and architectural excellence.

In this era of a knowledge economy one can observe the emergence of global cities as new educational hubs. The present era is experiencing a new phenomenon of international student migrants. Students from developing countries are migrating to foreign shores to pursue higher education. The ocean education and research facilities in the Gadeokdo development plan are for students from these areas of the world to come to, we take on global cities in this industry like London, New York, and Sydney.

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Buildings as multi storey, sinuous screens that through their curvature and scale generate energy while they function as hotel and residential space and fish farm. Circular multi-colored Lotus shaped buildings that enchant and celebrate during the evening as they glimmer and reflect on the waters surface.

Architecture

The proposed development for the most, is to be in the water within 300 meters from the shore line.

The below water level foundations consist of artificial reefs that have several functions.

/ Primarily robust support for the buildings but more interestingly / The foundation’s configurations are ideal as habitat for marine and algae farming.

Foyer

SPA

Solar Water Heating

Resources

The buildings are passively solar heated, evaporatively cooled, and extremely energy efficient.

/ Solar thermal is used as the primary heating system while Hydro Geothermal heat is used for space heating backup and cooling. / The rain water falling onto its roofs is conducted to fresh water blisters resting in the ocean waters.

The land facing façade, away from the open water is a heavily green textured by means of vertical gardens.

/ The vertical gardens are hydronically fed as these filter sink water for re-use to flush toilets. / Most importantly, all of the buildings biological waste is processed to surface water quality levels, using biofiltration systems, located at the base.

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Foyer

SPA

Solar Water Heating

“Buildings exist in a spousal embrace with its immediate environment, the air, the water, the warmth of the sun.”

Power Energy

Except for minimal natural gas back-up system, the buildings are resource- self-sufficient. Numerous strategies are proposed that take their cue from energy systems of large cruise ships such as as tri-gen energy systems using solid waste as source.

/ The dynamics and the kinetic forces of both the wind and waves is the means to generate tidal and wind power./ Solar cells embedded in the solarium skin and the roof.

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Area 1: Greater Gadeok Seaweed Centre

The greater Gadeok Aquaculture Centre, located in the heart of a functioning seaweed farm, is designed to be a showcase. It will be a place for the public to learn about the myriad of methods of ocean farming, from seaweed growing and harvesting to fish ranching. It will also be a place to educate the public on new research, such as deriving biofuels from seaweed. The public can come to the museum and children’s centre, to the world class restaurants, hotels and spas. There is also an opportunity for members of the public to grow their own sea garden in the community seaweed farm, where one can experience and nurture firsthand the richness and complexity of sea life.

Community and commercial/ Seaweed farming, processing, aquaculture/ Science center, museum/ Spa, hotel, restaurant/ Area north of Nulcha Bay – allowing natural succession to take place, natural wetland development, creating a connection to existing swamp protection area at the mouth of Nakdong River, creating a bird sanctuary

Area 2: The Reef Residences

In Korean culture the Lotus represents birth and creation. Ribbon buildings symbolize expression, social interaction, and communication of the Korean traditional ribbon dance shown through the architecture. Together they feature mixed use residential buildings and form an iconic skyline visible from Busan and yet merges with the natural setting. The architecture not only forms a community based urban space which houses about 20.000 people, it also works as an independent eco system.

Multifunctional buildings, housing private and public function, the Lotus building is a round structure with an inner open area with green terraces inside of the structure. It allows sunlight come in from all around and views to ocean and natural settings. Lotus buildings generally focuses on public functions like hotels, spas, restaurant, and recreational uses as well as some residential. On the other side, The 30 floors high ribbon buildings are predominantly residential with some public and commercial functions waving through water. A part of the residential building are designed as luxury apartments with spacious terraces and views of the sea.

The ocean’s mood is rich with contrasting dynamics.

Cladding/ Marine architecture much like a ship needs to be designed to withstand the angry seas while permitting the cooling fresh breezes in the summer./ The façade facing the open water is designed for defence by being smooth, rounded and hydrodynamically designed much like a fish. / Structural silicone cladding seamlessly permits the meeting of the built and natural environment. / The apartments facing the ocean are buffered with solariums, clad with overlapping water shedding glazing with a minimum number of openers./ Contrasting is the land side façade , fined grained vertical gardens bisected with with promenades, walk ways, balconies, provides the residents with semi public outdoor spaces such as shaded gardens and places to lounge. Their front yards provide them with the means to enter their dwelling./ Coloured glass façades and screens to reduce glass collisions for migratory and local birds while allowing views of surrounding environment / The buildings are made of concrete, steel, wood and glass which all comes from within a 500 mile radius./ The whole urban area will be interconnected with a Rapid Transit system and connections to existing roads on the island. / Small marinas will connect to ocean.

“Designing for the constrast between polar opposites such as hot and cold, light- and darkness forms the essence of design with nature.”

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Area 3: Nulcha Bay Area

Nulcha Bay Wetland and Bird Sanctuary

A major part of the Nulcha Bay will be a dedicated wetland and bird sanctuary. The Nulcha wetland region is connected to the Nakdong River Estuary and eco-belt and is an important feeding and breeding ground for local and migratory birds. To preserve the natural value of Nulcha Bay, all development will be shifted out of the bay area and replaced by a combination of a variety of wetland habitats to help sustain the Sanctuary and existing population of migratory birds. Developed as a wetland ecopark, the Nulcha Bay Wetland and Bird Sanctuary will serve as an eco-tourism hub and will feature bird and environmental educational centres, gift shops, study and research areas. Bird friendly architecture raises awareness for decreasing bird population. Placing of blinds and screens in key areas will allow people to watch birds without disturbing them. Villages of Oinul, Hangwol, Jeonggeo and Nulcha-Dong

The revitalized village offers a diverse range of choices to enjoy; stroll along the beach promenade and harbour, shop in the marketplace, enjoy the best dining, sailing, surfing, walk through the old village and enjoy the unique cultural experience.

Nulcha Bay - Seongbuk – Village

The Seongbuk village area is typically an agricultural area. The village will be revitalized and developed as an eco-community model with a strong focus on agriculture while enhancing tourism opportunities to increase the local economy.

Public spaces will grow to include local stores, cafés, art studios, small boutique shops, hotels, and bed and breakfasts, which will help to keep vitality and enthusiasm in the streets.Nestled in the surrounding area of Seongbuk village will be the home of Gadeokdo University.

University of Gadeok-do.

combined university and research centre for marine ecology and sea weed studies. The university will house departments specializing in new technology, food security, sustainability, and renewable energy, focusing on sea weed growing, it’s products and it’s use as alternative energy. Drawing on the strength of its partnerships with the local sea weed centre and industry the University of Gadeok-do will become a leader in green education and research. Gadeok-do campus will contain both small and large buildings, scattered between parks, agricultural fields and sports amenities.

Nulcha Bay Villas

Rows of houses symbolize ribbon which is intertwined with road, like two ribbons during a dance. The ribbon affect connects the clusters of units with each other. The individual clusters of houses form a fan like shape playing on the traditional fan dance in Korea. Colourful panels and a roof which appears from a distance floating above the units, forming a bigger overall shape.

The Nulcha bay villas are an urban centre of luxurious single family houses. Stilted housing within Nulcha bay wetland. Central area is an open public place with surrounding small scale commercial buildings. A central market place with local art stores, cafes and restaurants, a fishing harbor where fisher men come daily offering the fresh fish, makes the center of the Nulcha bay villas to a local tourist destination.

Urban Area of Seongbuk and Seonchang

The area between the two fishing villages will be increased density housing. The buildings will differ in height, 8 storey apartment buildings will act as a screen and help to separate the busy road from the lower apartment buildings of the new urban neighbourhood.

The new urban development takes into

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consideration new approaches to urban development; conserving areas of agricultural plots in a patchwork of public parks stretching through the entire fabric of the urban community and integrating these in an environment which people can inhabit and use. Agricultural plots become the back yard. Vegetable gardens, orchards with fruit baring trees, rice paddies, all used and maintained by the citizens themselves. Water channels crisscrossing the urban green space, integrated into the design as water features and showcasing the use and importance of water at the same time.

Within this patchwork of parks and agricultural plots a variety of public amenities such as schools, youth centre, senior and social housing, health centres and technological centres are scattered, guaranteeing a constant use of the urban park.

There will be activity in the park itself by providing sports zones such as multi–use sports courts, soccer and basketball areas, pedestrian walkways, and bicycles lanes throughout the garden. Specific trees, like the tree of the ward, the Hackberry tree, will be planted in different areas of the urban park, so that the areas become distinctive and recognizable for the residents and allowing the residences to experience the change of the seasons in the urban space.

Located in the wetland,the Nulcha Bay Art and Performance Centre will be focal feature and urban heart of the community. Dense urban areas with public spaces and facilities, boardwalks, bars, restaurants, and theaters are alongside of Nulcha bay wetland area.

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Like a ribbon, the convention and commerce centres are floating around the island peaking in the 70floor Busan West Convention Centre tower. Its iconic profile is seen from the main land, from the mountain peaks of the island and it will greet and welcome port entering ships. The separation of the port from the villages of Janghang and Yulli protects the existing shore lines, creating lagoons which are connected to the sea. The protected waters of the lagoons, invites people to enjoy the marine leisure, and marina.

The main building features large open space for showrooms and convention facilities. The north part of the building features light industry, and port logistics. On the south side of the building is the business and international exchange complex. The convention centre tower houses exhibition spaces, offices, hotels and restaurants. Existing fishing villages of

Janghang and Yulli become port supporting villages with residential areas and arts and craft studios, small shops and restaurants. Expanding the urban areas with private villas including an exclusive residential community, a stunning lagoon and a marina. The villas will have view towards the stunning lagoon and will have beautiful landscaped areas.

The rapid transit goes through the building in the centre, dividing the light industry and logistics in the north from the convention centre in the south. Various stops make the rapid transit easy accessible and comfortable to use for businesspersons and convention center visitors alike. The glass structure will house open areas with interior planting. The building will be self sustaining. Solar cell imbedded glass façade and wind turbines produces energy and mitigates the need of archaic resources.

Area 4: Logistic and Commerce Centre Area 5: New Port and Busan West Convention Centre

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Inspired by the location of the site the Gadeokdo Maritime Theme Park is a combined exhibition space and water park. The main building has a network of different programs of education and recreation. It features two IMAX theatres, a five-star hotel, and a marina. A promenade with restaurants will be connected via bridge. Various exhibition areas in the building as well in the water showcase water inspired art and oceanic related items.

The Gadeokdo marine theme park will be a new type of marine theme park that supports shore development, area recreation, marine based tourism, and entertainment hub, day tourism from businesspersons and convention center visitors as well as locals and people from Busan.

Area 6: Gadeokdo Marine Theme Park

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Area 7: Gadeok Cruise Ship Terminal and Entertainment Area

With the area developing into a tourism hub and the need for a cruise ship terminal a location in the bay was chosen. The terminal features a five star hotel, a casino, shops and restaurants. Passengers can take the ferry on land to stay in luxurious resort and hotels located on adjacent land area enjoying public beaches and waterfront areas, promenades and cafés. Shopping district, spas, recreation and other tourist facilities are also available. A connecting terminal to rapid transit and allows for fast travel to conference centre and to Nulcha by area. Close connection to main road connecting to airport allowing convenient travel connection by plane.

Area 8: New Busan international Airport

The location of the airport was chosen to minimize impact on environment by concentration construction and encroachment on nature in one area.

The airport will be floating structure, anchoring on existing island with road connection to main road.

Area 9: Gadeokdo Natural Park

Tourism is a vital industry to Gadeokdo Island. The island’s tourism success has a strong correlation to its natural settings and cultural features including the mountain views, distinctive rock shores, fishing village life and much more, and therefore these features must be integrated into the new development if the island experience is to be maintained. The Gadeok-do Natural Park is dedicated to nature and its protection and with the abundant nature and cultural assets on the east coast.

The practice of rural tourism as an agricultural and fishery management strategy will help Gadeokdo Island maintain its existing farming and fishing practice, while at the same time promote the island’s eco-tourism and tourism in general. Restricted development zones, especially on the east coast and in Nulcha Bay, are necessary to preserve the island’s natural assets, such as the wild Camelia colony and migratory bird areas. In doing so, it will help maintain and enhance the existing tourism and eco-tourism reputation.

Environmentally low impact recreation and tourism activities are possible for this area and tourism industry can be utilized in a management approach to help preserve the existing natural and cultural assets of the island. Hiking trails will lead through the park connecting the urban areas with the mountain peaks where locals and tourists take in the beautiful vistas. The light house on the southern tip will have restaurant facilities as well as lookout areas.

Conclusion

Over 75% of the globe’s surface is oceanic. Korea and its archipelago is starving for usable land. Together with the Gadeokdo’s setting and competition brief we decided on the reason to avoid building on land, and to instead build on the continental shelf. Thus we enhance the importance of forests, grasslands and shore line by building in the shallow waters.

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