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IntroductionIntroduction
• Physical body• Pain• Health
• Monitoring• Wearables• Physical
Rehabilitation
=Motivation and Compliance
`mowtu'veyshun`mowtu'veyshun
The psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal, the reason for the action: that which gives
purpose and direction to behavior--www.hyperdictionary.com
Antonym: Deter, Prevent
Motivational TheoryMotivational Theory
• Choice Theory• Belonging• Power• Freedom• Fun• Survival
– Dr. William Glasser
• Self-Determination Theory
• Autonomy • Competence • Relatedness
– Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
What motivates us?What motivates us?• Goals
– Stop smoking, fit into a dress at a wedding, being fit
• Rewards– $10 for every A on your report card
• Guilt– I promised my roommate that I would clean
• Positive language – “you do that so well!” encourages us to do “it”
gain
• Social factors– Meeting a buddy at the gym or running track
Philosophical HistoryPhilosophical History
• Plato (427-347 BC)
– Body as a distraction, the enemy in pursuit of?
• Hunger, thirst, sex drive, sleep, pain
• Death as release from bodily limitations
• Descartes – Mind is not
attached to the body or physical world
– We can only be certain of our own thoughts
Philosophical HistoryPhilosophical History
• Husserl (1859-1938)
– Life world in embodied experience, not just abstract
– Physical world
• Merleau-Ponty (1901-1961)
– Body in the world, how does it fit?
– Body as mediator between internal and external experience
Cues to State of BeingCues to State of Being
• Internal – The mind
• Thoughts, feelings, past experience, pain, pleasure
– What we tell others• Attempt to share our
experience of the world
• External – The physical body
• What it looks like tells others something of our state
– What we tell others• Attempt to share our
experience of the world
Wearables & EmbodimentWearables & Embodiment
A long-range vision, she says, is full sensory interaction: "The wearable computer utilizes all your senses for both input and output, and that interaction modality is able to configure and change on the fly according to the user's needs and context.“
–Francis Gemperle, Institute for Complex Engineered Systems.
Embodied InteractionEmbodied InteractionSmart Electrode, Tunde KirsteinThe aim of the project is to develop new surface stimulating electrodes that are embedded into garments or gloves and can provide electrical stimulation pulses to different areas of the skin without replacing the electrodes. Use: contract paralyzed muscles of spinal cord injured and stroke subjects in order to generate or improve lost motor function, e.g. for walking or hand grasp.
Interactive Motion Technologies, Cambridge, MAPatients using the robot have shown twice the functional improvement, on standard clinical scales, as patients given conventional therapy, over the same treatment periods. And they continue to make progress in treatment programs months or years after the stroke.
Embodied InteractionEmbodied InteractionSmart Jacket: Lucy Dunne
The sporty pewter- and silver-colored jacket uses embedded sensors that regulate an electro-conductive textile in the upper back to keep the wearer warm. It also has electro-luminescent wires that light up the jacket at night, and a physiological monitor on the left wrist cuff to monitor pulse and heart rate.
Vibrotactile Shoulder pads: Lucy Dunne
Illustrates concepts of integration of technology by developing pre-existing garment real estate (volumes built into garments for aesthetic reasons) to minimize outward appearance, social weight, and physiological discomfort caused by embedded
electronics.
Computational InteractionComputational InteractionXerox ParcPortholes
Shared space reveals who is doing what work. Knowing the person in the cubicle down the road from you is working on a particular project may motivate you to do the same.