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Accepted by A. Smith: 16 Apr. 2007; published: 21 May 2007 49
ZOOTAXAISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 1478: 49–59 (2007) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
A new species of Metadorcinus Kriesche from Brazil with notes on the genus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)
PASCHOAL C. GROSSI¹ & FERNANDO Z. VAZ-DE-MELLO²¹Universidade Federal do Paraná, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Caixa Postal 19007, CEP. 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]²Instituto de Ecología A.C., Departamento de Biodiversidad y Ecología Animal, Km 2.5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, 351, Congreg-ación El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, e-mail: [email protected]. Present address: Departamento de Biologia, Uni-versidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil.
Abstract
Metadorcinus ranki n. sp. (Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Sclerostomini) is described from Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Thenew species is easily distinguished from its congeners by the shape of the mandibles and canthi of males, and by thepronotal and elytral sculpture of both sexes. The synonymy of Beneshius under Metadorcinus is confirmed. Metadorci-nus ditomoides is considered a valid species, not subspecies or synonym of B. cruentus. A key to the 14 species of Meta-dorcinus (including species previously included in Beneshius) and a checklist of the species are provided.
Resumo
Metadorcinus ranki sp. nov. (Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Sclerostomini) é descrita do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Esta
nova espécie se diferencia das outras do gênero pela forma das mandíbulas e do cantus ocular dos machos, e pronoto e
élitros de machos e fêmeas. A sinonímia de Beneshius com Metadorcinus é confirmada. Metadorcinus ditomoides se
considera como espécie válida, e não subespécie ou sinônimo de M. cruentus. Também se apresentam uma chave para
identificação das 14 espécies de Metadorcinus (incluindo as espécies previamente incluídas em Beneshius) e uma lista
das espécies do gênero.
Resúmen
Se describe a Metadorcinus ranki sp. nov. (Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Sclerostomini) del Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil.La nueva especie se distingue de las demás por la forma de las mandíbulas y canto ocular de los machos, y pronoto yélitros de machos y hembras. Se confirma la sinonimización de Beneshius con Metadorcinus. Se considera a Metadorci-nus ditomoides como especie válida, y no subespecie o sinónimo de M. cruentus. Se presenta además una clave paraidentificación de las 14 especies de Metadorcinus (incluyendo a las especies incluidas anteriormente en Beneshius) y unlistado de las especies del género.
Key words: Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Sclerostomini, Metadorcinus, Brazil, new species
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Introduction
The genus Beneshius Weinreich, 1960 is currently considered to include eleven described species from Southand Southeastern Brazil, Western Bolivia, Northwestern Argentina, and Ecuador, some of which had beenpreviously included in Sclerostomus Burmeister, 1847. Metadorcinus Kriesche, 1922 includes a single speciesfrom South Brazil (Krajcik, 2001). In Weinreich’s (1960) revision, Metadorcinus auritus Kriesche, 1922 wasconsidered a synonym of Beneshius cruentus (Burmeister, 1847), in which case Metadorcinus should havebeen applied as the correct generic name for the group. Weinreich (1960) stated that the type of Metadorcinusauritus was destroyed during World War II.
Later, Bomans (1990) found the holotype of Metadorcinus auritus in the Staatliches Museum fürNaturkunde in Dresden (SMTD), and resurrected the genus Metadorcinus, placing it close to MetadorcusParry, 1870. Bartolozzi et al. (1991) reconfirmed Bomans’ classification and the validity of Metadorcinus.Maes (1992) also considered Metadorcinus as a valid genus (probably by applying the principle of priority toWeinreich’s error) with Beneshius as a synonym, and listed 12 species of the genus in his catalogue.
After studying the holotype of Metadorcinus auritus and examining its genitalic structures, we agree withMaes’ synonymy of Beneshius with Metadorcinus. The genital capsule and the aedeagus of M. auritus arecomplex and similar to that of the studied Beneshius species, with lobes and processes not seen in Metadorcusrotundatus (Parry, 1862), that have the genital capsule structure simple like most other lucanids, and aedeagusnot configured as in Metadorcinus species. So, Metadorcus cannot be considered closely related to Metadorci-nus, and is probably related to Aegognathus Leuthner, 1883 and Leptinopterus Hope, 1838.
It appears that the most closely related genera to Metadorcinus are Sclerostomus and Scortizus Westwood,1834 that show complex genitalic structures, at least in the Brazilian species. Since the genera Scortizus andSclerostomus are badly in need of revision, and appear not to be monophyletic groups, the hypothesized rela-tionships are based on the type species. Also, external morphological characters, such as the presence of ven-tral setae on the male mandibles and an expanded eye canthus, are shared by all Metadorcinus species,Sclerostomus, and Scortizus. This last character however is variable according to the size of males. In M.cruentus, major males have an extremely developed canthus (almost dividing the eye laterally), which is notpresent in medium and minor males. This character was not reported for species previously placed in Benesh-ius, where enormous intraspecific variation in male size is common.
We have been able to study 34 specimens of a new species of Metadorcinus sent to the first author by itscollector, and an additional specimen was found in the collection of Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal doRio de Janeiro. This new species is described below.
Metadorcinus ranki Grossi & Vaz-de-Mello, new species
Type material. Holotype %: BRASIL, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, Estação Rio Vermelho, XI–2002,850 m., I. Rank legit. Allotype &: same data as holotype. Holotype and allotype ex. coll. E. and P. Grossi,deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Universidade Federal do Paraná,Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Paratypes: 19 %%, 13 &&: 2 %% and 1 & same data as holotype; 1 % and 3 && samedata, XI-2004; 3 && same data, XII-2003; 1 & same data, 28-I-1998; 1 & same data, 15-I-1999; 2 %% samedata, I-2006 and 9 %% same data, I-2007, in Everardo and Paschoal Grossi collection, Nova Friburgo, Brazil;1 % and 1 & same data, XII-2003 in Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello collection, Lavras, Brazil; 1 % and 1 & samedata, I-2006, at Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany; 1 % and 1 & same data,at The Natural History Museum, London, UK; 1 % and 1 & same data, I-2006, at Canadian Museum of Nature,Ottawa, Canada; 1 %, labeled: Rio Vermelho, SC [Santa Catarina], BRASIL, Dezembro 1956, A. Maller legit.,ex Coll. Campos Seabra, in Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Holotype. % (Figs. 1–8, 12–15, 20–21). Length 13 mm (including mandibles), width at elytra 4 mm.Color: Body completely black, dull, with mandibles, antennae, legs, scutellum, pronotal process, and ventralpart of the body shiny; base of mandibles reddish-brown. Head: Shorter than wide, weakly depressed, withscattered punctures; punctures more dense and coalescent laterally; frons wide and smooth. Canthus triangu-lar, projecting laterally; posterior margin rounded, protruding halfway into eye. Mandibles graduallyupturned, as long as head; ventrally with row of yellow setae; apices weakly bifurcated, with a dorsal excavateprojection; bent inside, with a flat inner bifurcated process; basal tooth horizontal and obtuse. Labrum trilo-bate, central lobe larger with small punctures and long setae. Gena with large scattered punctures and shortsetae. Gula weakly depressed with small, non-contiguous punctures. Labium oblong, laterally rounded, withlarge separated punctures. Mentum trapezoidal with small, separated punctures. Antennae small with tenantennomeres; all antennomeres with short setae; scape curved, wider apically; club segments distally tomen-tose. Prothorax: Pronotum transverse, subrectangular, as wide as head, with complete border; surface withsmall, distinct punctures; anterior angles sharply pointed, posterior angles rounded; an elevated bituberculatemedian process is presented anteriorly; process smooth and shiny, medially with a longitudinal rhomboidaldepression. Scutellum: Scutellum glabrous, anteriorly concave, with sparse scattered punctures. Elytra: Striaeindicated by parallel lines of punctures; interstriae with many much smaller, scattered punctures (mainly ante-riorly); humeri acute; elytral margins almost parallel in basal half. Legs: Protibiae with 8–9 external, well-developed teeth increasing in size distally; serrate between teeth. Protibiae with inner margin basally sinuate,distally bearing many setae. Mesotibiae with a strong median tooth and a smaller proximal one on the outermargin; three smaller apical spines, one dorsal and two ventral; small scattered spines are also present. Metat-ibiae with a submedial acute tooth and 2 distal spines with dorsal spine bifurcated. Base of all tarsomeresdensely setose. Venter: Epipleuron with scattered setose punctures, punctures more dense posteriorly. Proster-num with elongate punctures and short setae; prosternal apophysis conical and obtuse with scattered setae,smooth and shiny apically. Mesosternum punctate, punctures small and setose; mesepisternum granulate withlarge punctures. Metasternum with small punctures and metasternal suture visible along the whole disk, poste-riorly with some small punctures; metaepisternum with large punctures medially. All abdominal ventrites withsmall irregular setose punctures; pygidium semicircular, densely granulose, with dense yellow setae, mainlylaterally and medially. Genitalia: Genital capsule (Figs. 6–8) symmetric and complex, dorsal sclerite glabrousand wider basally. Apex of ventral sclerite with many long setae and a medial rectangular process, processwhose length is 1/5 of its width; narrowed basally. Aedeagus (Figs. 3–5) almost symmetrical. Phallobase lat-erally lobed and narrowed basally. Parameres apically rounded with minute lateral setae and a sharp spine-shaped basal process, curved inside. Median lobe sclerotized medially; apically widened, membranous withmany small lateral and ventral spiculae. Allotype. & (Figs. 9–11, 22–23). Length 12 mm, maximum width 4 mm. As male except for the followingcharacters. Head: Mandibles short with one tooth on the inner side, the tooth on the left mandible larger thanthe one of the right mandible. Head strongly punctate with many irregular non-contiguous punctures, coales-cent at sides and near weak anteromedian depression; vertex concave; gena depressed with large punctures.Canthus dividing the eye for one third. Labrum concave with sparse, setose punctures, ventrally with densesetae. Labium with large punctures, setose anteriorly and laterally. Gula anteriorly smooth. Prothorax: Prono-tum convex with weak longitudinal depression; anteriorly with smooth, medial, slightly bilobed process. Sur-face strongly punctate, sides rugose; pronotal borders setose anteriorly and posteriorly. Scutellum: Scutellumdepressed anteriorly with few isolated punctures, basally smooth. Elytra: Elytra strongly punctate anteriorly,each elytron with rows of punctures and 5 smooth longitudinal lines in interstriae, (the third one is the largest),laterally with scattered short setae. Legs: Protibiae with 5–7 large external teeth, serrate elsewhere; dorsallywith two longitudinal setose ridges, setae denser distally. Mesotibiae bifurcate apically with 6 external teethdecreasing in size distally; 3 ventral teeth are also present, with the medial one being the smallest. Metatibiaewith 1 large external tooth and many smaller spines both dorsally and laterally, apically with a rectangular
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FIGURES 1–5. Metadorcinus ranki n. sp.: 1–2. male habitus: dorsal and lateral views respectively; 3–5. Aedeagus: dor-sal, ventral, and lateral views respectively. All scale bars = 1 mm.
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FIGURES 6–11. Metadorcinus ranki n. sp.: 6–8. male genital capsule: dorsal, ventral, and lateral views respectively; 9–10. female habitus: dorsal and lateral views respectively; 11. female genitalia: ventral view. All scale bars = 1 mm.
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FIGURES 12–19. 12–14. Metadorcinus ranki n. sp.: male mandibles: dorsal view, large, medium, and small specimens.Scale bar = 1 mm. 15–19. Metadorcinus spp., right paramere in ventral view: 15. M. ranki n. sp.; 16. M. neotragus; 17.M. auritus; 18. M. cruentus; 19. M. ditomoides. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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process and 3 teeth. Venter: Mesoepisternum weakly granulate with few scattered punctures. Metasternumwith not contiguous setose punctures; metaepisternum with 2 rows of punctures. Genitalia: (Fig. 11) Formsymmetrical. Dorsal plate smooth with two rounded basal lobes, styli enlarged apically, ventral plate setoseand less sclerotized apically and internally.
FIGURES 20–31. Metadorcinus spp., dorsal and lateral views: 20–21. M. ranki n. sp., male; 22–23. M. ranki n. sp.,female; 24–25. M. ditomoides, male; 26–27. M. cruentus, male; 28–29: M. neotragus, male.30-31: M. auritus, male.
Variation. Male length: 10–13 mm, width 3–5 mm. Female length: 8–12, width 3–5 mm. Paratypes simi-lar to holotype and allotype except the following characters: males with less developed mandibles (Figs. 12–
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14) with less developed process and outer margin regularly convex, pronotum strongly punctured and less ele-vated, some females with protibial teeth less developed.
Etymology. The new species is named after Mr. Ivo Rank, an expert collector and butterfly breeder whocollected these and other interesting stag beetle specimens.
Remarks. Metadorcinus ranki seems to be closely related to M. neotragus (Westwood, 1855) (Figs. 16,28–29), from which it mainly differs in the stronger punctation of head, for the triangular shape of eye can-thus, the different mandibular shape and for the absence of a strong pronotal process. Both species seem to berelated to the group formed by M. cruentus (Figs. 18, 26–27), M. auritus Kriesche, 1922 (Fig. 17, 30-31), andM. ditomoides (Westwood, 1855) (Figs. 19, 24–25); the main differences are in the mandibles which arestrongly upturned, in the more prominent canthus (except for large males of M. auritus and M. cruentus whichshow well developed canthi), and in the pronotal process which is more elevated. The new species is morerobust than M. neotragus, M. cruentus, M. auritus, or M. ditomoides.
Metadorcinus neotragus, M. cruentus, and M. ditomoides are known to occur in the same orographicregion as M. ranki. M. neotragus is found in São Paulo and in the more southern Brazilian states, while M.cruentus is known only from Santa Catarina and Paraná, and M. ditomoides is known from Bahia, Rio de Jan-eiro, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Entomologists have been collecting in the mountains in SantaCatarina for many years, which is undoubtedly why there are an abundance of records of lucanid species here.We hypothesize that more research in other highlands in Brazil will lead to the discovery of many other newspecies of Lucanidae. Based on the large number of new species and new localities for known species thathave been found in the last few years by one of us (PCG), the highest lucanid diversity is in Serra dos Órgãos(Rio de Janeiro), Serra da Mantiqueira (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais), and Serra Geral(Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul).
Key to Metadorcinus species
1 Elytra with scattered yellowish-white tufts of scale-like setae......................... M. signatipennis (Deyrolle)1’ Elytra without scale-like setae ..................................................................................................................... 22 Dorsal color reddish-brown, with black spots on pronotum and elytra....................................................... 32’ Dorsal color black or reddish-brown, uniform, or with lighter areas on humeri and elytral apex .............. 53 Discal interstriae carinate, male mandibles without vertical tooth … M. plagiatus (Burmeister)3’ Discal interstriae flat, male mandibles strongly curved inwards with a strong medial tooth directed
inwards and slightly upwards ..................................................................................................................... 44 Male head distinctly transverse; right paramere with an externally curved, basally concave ventral projec-
tion (Fig. 18). Female striae represented by 7 longitudinal lines of simple punctures, interstriae dull....................................................................................................................................... M. cruentus (Burmeister)
4’ Male head not distinctly transverse, just subquadrate; right paramere with the ventral projection notstrongly curved outwards and base convex (Fig. 17) (female unknown) ..................... M. auritus Kriesche
5 Elytral interstriae carinate............................................................................................................................ 65’ Elytral interstriae flat ................................................................................................................................. 106 Dorsal surface shiny..................................................................................................................................... 76’ Dorsal surface opaque................................................................................................................................ 97 Male pronotum anteromedially with a large, bifurcate projection (female unknown) ..................................
....................................................................................................................................M. beneshi (Martínez)7’ Male pronotum anteromedially without a strongly bilobate projection; elytra in both sexes with black
sheen and anterior angles of pronotum acute .............................................................................................. 8
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8 Male with an anterior pronotal projection and large temporal process; female pronotum with pair of tuber-cles near anterior margin....................................................................................... M. buckleyi (Waterhouse)
8’ Male without anterior pronotal projection, temporal process weak; female pronotum convex and withouttubercles ..................................................................................................................... M. tucumanus (Nagel)
9 Male without pronotal projection, male and female with a transverse ridge on both sides of pronotal disc ............................................................................................................................. M. dentifer (Möllenkamp)
9’ Male with anterior, conical pronotal projection; male and female without transverse ridge on both sides ofpronotal disc....................................................................................................M. securiformis (Lüderwaldt)
10 Pronotal longitudinal groove interrupted by a transverse ridge just before the middle (male unknown) ....................................................................................................................................M. amuelleri (Weinreich)
10’ Pronotal longitudinal groove not interrupted, or if so then only near the anterior margin ........................ 11 11 Male without bilobed, anterior pronotal projection (sometimes with a triangular lobe)........................... 1211’ Male with large bilobed, anterior pronotal projection; female pronotum with pair of obscure tubercles and
the first three interstriae distinctly smooth ...........................................................M. neotragus (Westwood)12 Male and female with a triangular, anterior pronotal lobe (in male stronger); female pronotum with punc-
tures concentrated along sides and in the longitudinal groove ....................................M. sylviae (Boucher)12’ Male and female pronota without triangular lobe, female pronotum entirely punctate ............................ 1313 Head with a round, smooth, impunctate area on vertex; female interstriae dull M. ditomoides (Westwood)13’ Vertex with surface totally impunctate, female interstriae represented by smooth longitudinal lines ..........
........................................................................................................ M. ranki Grossi & Vaz-de-Mello, n. sp.
Checklist of the species of Metadorcinus Kriesche, 1922
Metadorcinus Kriesche, 1922Type species: Metadorcinus auritus Krieshe, 1922
= Beneshius Weinreich, 1960 (Type species: Sclerostomus cruentus Burmeister, 1847)
Metadorcinus amuelleri (Weinreich, 1963) … Southeastern BrazilMetadorcinus auritus Krieshe, 1922 … Southern BrazilMetadorcinus beneshi (Martínez, 1953) … Northwestern Argentina Metadorcinus buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1886) … Northeastern Ecuador Metadorcinus cruentus (Burmeister, 1847) … Southern BrazilMetadorcinus dentifer (Möllenkamp, 1912) … Southeastern BrazilMetadorcinus ditomoides (Westwood, 1855), revised status … Northeastern, Southeastern, and SouthernBrazil
= Scortizus cribratus Thomson, 1862= Sclerostomus tristis Lüderwaldt, 1935
Metadorcinus neotragus (Westwood, 1855) … Southeastern and Southern BrazilMetadorcinus plagiatus (Burmeister, 1847) … Eastern and Southern Brazil
= Sclerostomus hastatus Westwood, 1855Metadorcinus ranki Grossi & Vaz-de-Mello, new species … Southern BrazilMetadorcinus securiformis (Lüderwaldt, 1934) … Southeastern Brazil and ArgentinaMetadorcinus signatipennis (Deyrolle, 1864) … Southeastern BrazilMetadorcinus sylviae (Boucher, 1993), new combination (described as Beneshius) ...SoutheasternBoliviaMetadorcinus tucumanus (Nagel, 1932) … Northwestern Argentina
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Remarks on this list and key
We here consider M. ditomoides as separate species from M. cruentus based on the following characters: in M.ditomoides the male mandibles are shorter, with the internal tooth upward directed with a rounded apex (Figs.26–27); in M. cruentus the internal tooth is acute and inward directed (Figs. 28–29). Also the parameres aredifferent, with the internal projection in M. ditomoides shorter and not curved outwards as in M. cruentus(Fig.18), just straight (Fig. 19). The first author to consider these species to be synonyms was Parry (1870).Lüderwaldt (1935) considered M. ditomoides as a variety or subspecies of M. cruentus and the subspecificityof these names has been followed since (Blackwelder 1944, Didier & Sguy 1953, Weinreich 1960), except byMaes (1992) who considered them as distinct species.
Sclerostomus lineatus was included in Metadorcinus by Maes (1992), and in Beneshius by Krajcik (2001).Before that, it was included in Pycnosiphorus by Didier & Sguy (1953), and dubiously in Charagmophorusby Weinreich (1958). From the original description of Sclerostomus lineatus (Deyrolle 1864), the elytral andpronotal sculpturing and pubescence are very similar to that found in the recently described Peruvian genusAndinolucanus Arnaud & Bomans, 2006. However, without seeing the type of S. lineatus it is difficult to cor-rectly identify the genus to which that species belongs. Therefore, we refrain from considering it as a validspecies of Metadorcinus.
Acknowledgements
We thank Mr. Ivo Rank for collecting this interesting new species, Miguel A. Monné and Paulo Magno forloaning material from Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro collection, Everardo Grossifor encouragement and logistical support, Dr. Klauss Klass and Dr. Olaf Jäger (SMTD) for the loan of theholotype of Metadorcinus auritus Kriesche, 1922, and M. J. Paulsen (University of Nebraska) for pictures ofthe holotype of Scortizus ditomoides. Two anonymous referees and Andrew Smith (Canadian Museum ofNature) gave us useful suggestions that greatly improved the first version of this manuscript. PCG is grantedby CNPq (Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil) and FZVM by CAPES (Ministério da Educação, Brazil,BEX 1208-020). This is contribution number 1663 from Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal doParaná.
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