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Index

AAbbreviations, medical, 103-108, 239Abracadabra, 199-200Abrams, Albert, 224-225Absinthe, 171Academic medical centers (AMCs),

133Academic Medicine: A Guide for

Clinicians (Taylor), 133-134Academic medicine. See also Medical

educationaphorisms about, 133-134reform of, 22-23, 141

Accreditation Council for GraduateMedical Education, 219

Acerbus, Logophilus, 183Achilles' tendon, 69ACHOO syndrome, 183-184Acne, irradiation treatment of, 211Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

(AIDS), 21, 26, 32, 153, 238,239,242-243

myths about, 199, 204, 208-209Acronyms, medical, 108-115Acupuncture, 5, 6Adams, Abigail, 231Adams, John, 189, 231Adam's apple, 82Addison, Thomas, 87Addison disease, 87-88, 166Addisonian, 87Aesculapian staff and symbols, 7,

207-208,224Aesculapius, 7,122,207,235

African Americans, 227-228sickle cell anemia in, 37

Agoraphobia, 155Air pollution, 125Albert Lasker Medical Research

award, 62Alcohol abuse, 77Aleichem, Sholom, 184Alexander the Great, 60, 157,214Ali, Muhammad, 94, 154, 158-159Alice in Wonderland syndrome, 67-68,

100,160Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

(Carroll), 81, 100, 160,241Alkylating agents, 61Allen, Woody, 155, 241Allopathy, 176Alzheimer, Alois, 94-95Alzheimer disease, 94-95, 124, 153,

159American Association for the Study of

the Feebleminded, 85American Board of Dermatology, 41American Board of Dermatology and

Syphilology, 41American Illustrated Medical

Dictionary, 192American Journal of Hypertension,

188American Management Association,

45American Medical Association, 221American Medical Association

(AMA),224,225

251

252 Index

American Medical Weekly, 200-201American Revolution, 14, 36, 168, 191,

221Amherst, Jeffery, 36Amin, Idi, 41Amines, 60-61Ammonia, 51, 60-61Amobarbital (Amytal), 57Amphetamines, Hitler's use of, 190Amygdalin, 225-226Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 100Anaphylaxis, 179Anatomic dissection, 6, 12, 138-139,

142Galen's research in, 8-9specimens for, 220Vesalius' research in, 12

Anatomyacronymic mnemonics related to,

113ancient Egyptians' knowledge of, 6etymology of, 71

Anderson, Jack, 158Andre, Nicholas, 81Andrews, Dana, 159Androgen insensitivity syndrome, 168Anemia, 86, 87-88, 196Anesthesia

chloroform, 177ether, 17,28, 144, 177,232religious opposition to, 85

Anesthetics, cocaine as, 216Angina

Heberden, 184-185pectoris, 184-185

"Animal magnetism," 220-221Anne, Queen of England, 14, 154Anorexia, 167Anthrax, 55, 74, 75,140Anthrax vaccine, 19Antibiotics, microbial resistance to,

126Antigenic drift, 42Antioxidants, 188Antiperspirants, 206Antisepsis, surgical, 19, 140Antonius, Plague of, 194Apgar, Virginia, 91Apgar test, 91

Aphorisms, medical, 119-135about treatment, 130-131definition of, 119of Hippocrates, 8,119, 121, 122-123,

193of Maimonides, 10, 124-125, 138of Osler, 20-21,125-128,129,

141primum non nocere, 119, 121-122,

135, 136Aphrodisiacs, 70Aphrodite (goddess), 70, 107Apollo (god), 39Apollo 13 moon mission, 184Appendicitis, 94,223Appleton (publishing company), 193Arabic language, 68Aran-Duchenne disease, 100Aristotle, 85Armstrong, Louis ("Satchmo"), 101Army Medical Corps, 207Arsenical compounds, 22Arsenic poisoning, 169Arsphenamine (Salvarsan), 22, 27-28,

121,179,186Arteries, 78

carotid, 83innominate, 80

Ashe, Arthur, 161Asher, Richard, 92"Asian flu," 41Asimov, Isaac, 147Asphyxia, 78Aspirin, 56, 57-58, 208Astaire, Fred, 101Asthma, 129

"cotton-mill," 76Athens, Greece, 32-33Atlas, 69-70Atropine, 82, 186, 190Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,

172,211Auenbrugger, Leopold, 188Augustus, Emperor of Rome,

79-80Authorship. See Literature, medicalAvian influenza, 34, 41, 243Avicenna, 10, 11, 51, 138Awakenings (film), 94

Ayerst,62Aztecs, 35-36,193

BBabylonia, 7Bach, Johann Sebastian, 14Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG)

vaccine, 218Bacitracin, 62"Backpacker's diarrhea," 76Backus, Jim, 158Bacon, Francis, 12Bacteria. See also Microorganisms

antibiotic resistance in, 126Balzac, Honore de, 148Banting, Frederick, 28, 29, 3124Barber-surgeons, 15Barbitone, 190Barbiturates, 56-57Bardot, Brigitte, 162Baron von Munchhausen, 92Baseball players, 100Basedow disease, 89Basinger, Kim, 155Battle Creek Sanatorium, Battle Creek,

Michigan, 222-223Bayer Company, 52, 56, 57-58Beagle, HMS (ship), 189Bean, Robert Bennett, 125Bean, William Bennett, 125Beatles, 190-191Bedlam, 82"Beer of Revenge," 19,89Bee stings, anaphylactic reactions to,

179Beethoven, Ludwig van, 156Begin, Menachem, 157, 161Behcet, Hulusi, 90Behcet syndrome, 90Bell, Alexander Graham, 216Belladonn~79,82,186,190

Bellevue Hospital, 84, 178Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, 99Bengay, 187Bengue, Jules, 187Beriberi, 59-60, 73Berlin, Irving, 157Bernard, Claude, 146Bernhardt, Sarah, 43, 146, 217

Index 253

Berry, Halle, 162Best, Charles H., 24, 31Beta-blockers, use in heart failure

patients, 212Bezoars, 73, 101Bible, 37-38, 39, 147, 186, 194,232Bier, August, 130Biggs, Rosemary, 99Bilirubin, 179-180Biological weapons, 36Bipolar disorder, 156-157, 158, 171"Bird flu," 34, 41, 243Birthing rooms, 213Black Death (bubonic plague), 9,

32-34,195,223positive outcome of, 45

Blackwell Scientific Publications, 193Bleuler, Eugene, 95Blindness, 153, 164Blitzkatarrh, 42Blood circulation, 6, 12-13, 78, 139Bloodletting, 163, 215-216Bloomer, Amelia, 87Bloomers, 87Blot tests, 81-82Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, 79Blunders, medical. See Errors, medicalBody snatchers (resurrectionists),

220Boeck sarcoid, 99Boheme, La, 42Bolivar, Simon, 44Bombeck, Erma, 149Bonaparte, Napoleon, 14,40,47,77,

157,169,195-196Bond, James, 188Bone, Vesalius, 89Boone, Daniel, 187Borborygmus, 75, 175Bornholm disease, 72Boston, Massachusetts, epidemics in,

16,41-42Boyle, T.C., 223Bradbury, Ray, 147Brando, Marlon, 157Breast, 206

atrophy of, 181Breast cancer, 162,206,209-210Brinkley, John R., 224

254 Index

British Journal of ExperimentalPathology, 25,58

British Medical Journal, 99, 188British Royal Navy, 201Brody, Benjamin, 80Bronson, Charles, 159Brooke, Edward, 162Brooks, Mel, 154Brothels, 84Brucellosis, 171Bryce, James, 145Buboes, 32Buffet, Warren, 243"Bullet babies", 200-201Bunions, 164Bunsen, R.W., 87Bunsen burner, 87Burials, premature, 216Burke, Billie, 208Burke, Chris, 93Burnet, Frank Macfarlane, 67Burns, Robert, 14Burton, Robert, 120Byrne, Charles, 220Byron, Lord, 44Byssinosis, 76

CCaduceus, 207-208Caffeine, 180,213Caldwell-Luc operation, 88Calomel, 215Calvarium, 82Calvin, John, 154Cambridge University, 12Camus, Albert, 43Cancer, 74. See also specific types of

cancerfake cures of, 225-226metastatic, 167

Candy, John, 122Canes, gold-headed, 185Canon of Medicine (Avicenna), 10Capers, L.G., 200-201Capone, AI, 40Capote, Truman, 157Carbolic acid, 19Cardiff University Common Cold

Centre, 208

Carnarvon, George Herbert, 166Carroll, Lewis, 81,100,160,241Carter, Howard, 166Carthage, 186-187Cash, Johnny, 158Caucasians, 79Celestial Bed, 224Cellini, Benvenuto, 176Cells, 13Celsus,10"Cereal doctors," 222-225Cerebral palsy, 21, 80Cervantes, Miguel de, 12, 121, 160,

232Cesarean section, 95-96Ceylon, 175Chain, Ernst B., 25, 58Chairs

Epley, 239for gout patients, 185

Chance, 136, 175,239Chancres, Hunterian, 98,214Charcot, Jean-Martin, 90, 94, 120Charcot disease, 100Charcot joint, 120Charcot triad, 120Charles, Ray, 153Charles I, King of England, 13Charles II, King of England, 34, 83,

215Charles VIII, King of France, 39-40Chekhov, Anton, 43Chemical warfare, 61Chemistry, 11Chemotherapy, 61Chest, percussion of, 188Cheyne, John, 51-52Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 51Chickenpox, 35"Childbed fever," 17-18, 140Children

malaria in, 38as patients, 131unnecessary antibiotic use in, 213

Chills, as common cold cause, 208Chimney sweeps, scrotal cancer in,

189"Chinese disease," 41Chinese medicine, 6, 16, 236-237

"Chinese pleasure disease," 39"Chinese restaurant syndrome," 76Chlorine gas, 61Chloroform anesthesia, 177Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), 219Chocolate, dark, 188Cholera, 18, 19, 140, 143, 177, 185Cholera vaccine, 19Chopin, Frederic, 43,161Chorea,Sydenham, 13,39,89"Christian disease," 39Christianity, 9, 83-84,194-195Christmas, Stephen, 99Christmas disease, 99Churchill, Randolph, 40, 203-204Churchill, Winston, 21, 40, 49,136,137,

147,156,203-204Cicero, 144-145Cinchona bark, as quinine source, 55,

187Circle of Willis,89Circumcision, 213, 223Civil War (American), 38, 164, 196,

200Clark, William, 169Claudication, 79-80Claudius I, Emperor of Rome, 79-80Clavicle, 78Clemens, Samuel Langhorne. See

Twain, MarkCleveland, Grover, 164Clinical phenomenon, 175, 181-184Clinical trials, 109-110Cloning, 26Clubbing, 88-89, 124Coca, Imogene, 159Coca-Cola, 205, 217Cocaine, 21, 216-217Coccyx, 83Codeine, 190Code of Hammurabi, 7Colles, Abraham, 38Columbus, Christopher, 39Common cold, 208, 215, 217Common sense, 127Computed tomography, of mummies,

167Computed tomography scanners, 191Concentration camps, 228

Index 255

Condoms, 83Congestive heart failure, 15Conn, Howard F., 192-193Cook, James (Captain), 14, 46Copernicus, Nicolaus, 235Coprolalia, 90Corn flakes, 199,222-223Coronary artery disease, 184Coronary disease, Osler on, 31Cortes, Hernan, 35-36Cortisone, 218Coumarin, 62Cowpox, 16, 28Cox, Herald R., 67Coxiella burnetii, 67Coxsackie virus, 72Cretinism, 83-84Crimean War, 171Crohn disease, 165Cromwell, Oliver, 187,215Crutches, for gout patients, 185"Cure chair," 45Curie, Marie, 20, 27, 140-141, 142, 143,

144Curie, Pierre, 20, 28, 29, 142, 143, 238Curiosities, in clinical medicine, 175,

181-184Cushing, Harvey, 145Cyanide poisoning, 225Cyprian, Plague of, 194

DDa Costa, 1.Chalmers, 145Dali, Salvador, 94, 158Dalton, John, 99Daltonism, 99Dam, Henrick, 60Dark Ages, 9. See also Middle AgesDarwin, Charles, 40, 155, 170, 189David, King of Israel, 167Davis, Egerton Yorrick, 201Dead, resurrection of, 194Death and dying, 147, 241Declaration of Independence, 163, 189,

215Degenerative joint disease, 31Deinstitutionalization, of psychiatric

patients, 218-219Delirium, 84

256 Index

Delivery rooms, 213Dementia, senile, 95Dementia praecox, 95Dempsey, Mary Joseph, 98Dengue, 73-74Deng Xiaoping, 158De Niro, Robert, 94Dentistry, in ancient Egypt, 6Deodorants, 206Depression, 156-157, 164, 167, 170De Re Medicina (Celsus), 10Dermatologische Wohenschrift, 90Deuteranomaly, 99Deuteranopia, 99Diabetes mellitus, 24, 31, 153,

161-162,239Diagnosis

abbreviations for, 104-106aphorisms about, 128-130retrospective, in famous persons,

166-172Diarrhea

"backpacker's," 76treatment of, 51, 52

Diazo reagent, 179-180Dickens, Charles, 44, 156, 158

The Posthumous Papers of thePickwick Club, 92-93

Dido, HMS, 47Diet

as hypertension treatment, 124Maimonides on, 124role in pellagra, 23-24

Diethystilbestrol (DES), 209-210Digitalis (foxglove), 3, 15, 84, 171Dihydrogen monoxide, 205Diphtheria immunization, 176,

177Dirckx, Laurent, 204Discovery, HMS (ship), 46Disease

abbreviations for, 104chronic

in the elderly, 123of the 21st century, 31

classic descriptions of, 13"collective," 31"individual," 31, 48-49prevention of, 143

that changed history, 31-50trivia about, 184-186

Diuretics, mercurial, 18D-181Doctor, His Patient and the Illness, The

(Balint), 126Doctor. See also Physicians

etymology of, 68-69Dole, Robert (Bob), 153Don Quixote de la Mancha

(Cervantes), 160,232Dopamine agonists, 188Dorland's Medical Dictionary, first

edition, 192, 240Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 40, 44, 167Dover, Thomas, 226-227Down, John Langdon, 93-94Down syndrome, 93-94Doyle, Arthur Conan, 44, 217Drug addiction

to cocaine, 216-217criminalization of, 52-53

Drugs, 51-63. See also specific drugsharmful, 209-210illicit, 52-53names of, 62

abbreviations for, 107Osler on, 126Paracelsus on, 11side effects of, 126trivia about, 186-188

Dudley, Chris, 161, 162Dumas, Alexandre, 145Dum Dum fever, 72Duodenum, 74Duo (film), 93Dyslexia, 153

EEbola virus, 34, 242-243Edison, Thomas Alva, 120, 217Egypt, ancient,S, 6, 28Ehrlich, Paul, 22, 27-28, 68, 179Einstein, Albert, 153, 172Eisenhower, Dwight D., 165Elderly persons, chronic disease in,

123Electronic Reactions of Abrams

(ERA), 224-225"Elephant Man," 70

Eli Lilly & Company, 21Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 40Ellerbee, Linda, 162Embalming, 6Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 146, 159, 232Emetics, 215EMI Corporation, 191EMI scanners, 191Empiricism, 143Encephalitis lethargica, 41-42Enemas, 215, 223Eng, John, 239, 240Epidemics, major, 32-46

influenza, 41-42malaria, 36-38plague, 32-34prior to the 20th century, 31-32smallpox, 34-36syphilis, 38-41tuberculosis, 42-45

Epidemics (Hippocrates), 121Epigrams, 120Epilepsy, 157-158Episiotomy, 210-211Epley, John, 238-239Eponyms, medical, 29, 62, 87-102, 189

arguments against, 87-88honorific, 88-91immortalized in patients, 98-100with intriguing origins, 100-101possessive forms of, 88

Epsom salts, 72Erasmus, Desiderius, 40Ergot and ergotism, 51, 53-55, 100,

241Errors, medical, 199, 214-219

abbreviations as source of, 107Erysipelas, 55Ether, 17,28, 144,177,237Euphemisms, medical, 115-116Euthanasia, 98, 228Evidence-based medicine, 5,121,244Evolution, 155, 189Exophthalmos, 89Experience, 145

FFacies, hippocratic, 29, 88-89Fainting, recurrent, 123

Index 257

Faith, 145Fallopius,83Family Apgar test, 91Famous persons. See also names of

individualsas patients, 153-174retrospective diagnosis in, 166-172

"Farmer's lung," 76Fertility, effect of mandrake on, 186Feudalism, 9Fever, with convulsions, 123Fiji Islands, 47-48Fingers, hippocratic, 88-89Fischer, Martin H., 120Fitzgerald, Ella, 161Flajani, Giussep, 89Flajani disease, 89Fleas, as vectors of plague, 32Fleming, Alexander, 24-25, 27, 58,

141,143,175,203-204,208,240,244

Fleming, Peggy, 162Fletcher, William, 59-60Flexner, Abraham, 22-23, 27,127, 141,

142-143,240Florence, Italy, 33Florey, Howard, 25, 58"Flu." See InfluenzaFools

as patients, 127"Physician of," 223

Foramen ligament, of Vesalius, 89Formula One Grand Prix auto race,

184Fornication, 84Fornix, 84Founding Fathers, 14, 154. See also

names of specific FoundingFathers

Fox, Michael J., 94, 159Foxglove (digitalis), 3, 15, 84, 171Fracastorius, Girolamo, 39Fractures, 38, 98, 130, 189Francis, Edward, 73Francisella tularensis, 89Francis I, King of France, 40Franco, Francisco, 94Franklin, Benjamin, 120, 154, 189Fraud, scientific, 228

258 Index

Fred Astaire legs, 101Freiburg, Germany, 33"French disease," 39, 40French Revolution, 14,54,227Fresh air, 124Freud, Sigmund, 21-22,160-161,

216-217Friday, the 13th, 184Friedrich Bayer & Company, 52, 56Fungi, as source of drugs, 51Funicello, Annette, 153Funk, Casimir, 60-61"Furfuraceous fury," 93Furosemide (Lasix), 180

GGalapagos Islands, 155, 189Galen, Claudius, 6, 8-9, 10, 11, 13, 27,

28,29,53,74,80,83,138,143,144,194

Galileo Galilei, 235Gallo, Robert, 26, 28Gamaliel, 97Gambling, pathologic, 188"Gamekeeper's thumb," 77Garfield, James A., 216Garland, Judy, 157Gas, poisonous, 61Gauguin, Paul, 40, 43, 101Gehrig, Henry Louis (Lou), 100Genetic diseases, influence of malaria

on, 37Genius, 120Genome, human, map of, 26-27George III, King of England, 14,

168-169"German disease," 41German language, 68Germ theory, of disease, 18, 19Gettysburg Address, 190Getz, Stan, 157Giardiasis, 76"GI gin," 52Ginnsz, Stephane, 93Ginseng, 187Giraudoux, Jean, 96Gloves, surgical, 19, 178Gnome, 120Goat gland surgery, 224

Gogh,\Tincentvan,40, 101,156, 158,171

Goiter, 89Goldberger, Joseph, 23-24,28,238Goldwater, Barry, 159Goldwyn, Samuel, 149GOMER acronym, 110-111, 134Gonads, 80, 86Gondi, Pierre de, 83Gonorrhea, 80, 214Goodyear Rubber Company, 178Gorbachev, Mikhail, 161Gout, 13, 154,185,189Graham, Billy, 94, 158Graham, James, 224Graham, Sylvester, 222Gram, Hans Christian, 90Gram stain, 90Grant, Ulysses S., 43, 161, 217Grape-Nuts, 223Graves, Robert, 89Graves disease, 89Gravity, theory of, 175Great Fire of London (1666),34Great Plague of London (1664-1665),

34Great pox, 34, 40Greco-Roman medicine, 7-9,137-138,

143Greece, ancient, 68

malaria in, 37medicine in, 7-8plague epidemics in, 32-33

Green, Ryland, 192Grippe, 41Guillain-Barre syndrome, 42, 87,172Guillotin, Joseph, 227Guillotine, 227Gulliver's Travels (Swift), 100Gunshot injuries, as pregnancy cause,

200-201Guthrie, Marjorie, 155-156Guthrie, Woody, 97,155-156

HHahnemann, Samuel, 176, 179Haiti, 26, 195-196Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, 98Halley's Comet, 190

Halsted, William S., 4,19,131,178,217Hamilton, Alexander, 154, 157Hampton, Caroline, 178Hancock, John, 154Hand washing, 17-18Hanta virus, 72, 242-243Hapsburg jaw, 101Harmful therapeutic interventions,

209-213Harrison, George, 190-191Harrison, William Henry, 164, 216Harrison Act, 52-53Hartnup disease, 99Harvard University, 15Harvey, William, 12-13,27,28-29,78,

88,139Hawaiians, syphilis in, 46Hawkins, Stephen, 157Hayworth, Rita, 159Headaches, 53, 154, 163, 170

migraine, 55,155, 160-161Healers, primitive, 5Heart attacks, 122, 165, 185Heart disease, as mortality cause, 184Heart failure, 165, 212Heatley, Norman, 59Heberden, William, 184-185Helprin, Mark, 44Hemingway, Ernest, 157Hemophilia, 48, 99Henderson, L.I, 121Henry II, King of France, 83Henry VIII, King of England, 40, 122Hepatitis, 79Hepburn, Katharine, 158Herbal remedies, 5, 6, 223

trivia about, 186-187Hermaphroditism, 67-68, 70Hermes, 70, 207Herodotus, 6Heroes, in medical history, 3-30,

240-241Heroin, 52, 56Heston, Charlton, 159Hieronymous, Karl Friedrich, 92Hippocrates, 6, 7-8,10,18,27,29,32,

37,74,81,119,137-138,142-143,144,147,234-235,244

aphorisms of, 8,119, 121, 122-123

Index 259

as "Father of Clinical Medicine," 194description of tuberculosis by, 43"English," 13eponyms associated with, 88-89school of medicine of, 193-194willow extract use by, 57writings of, 193-194

Aphorisms, 119,122-123, 193Epidemics, 121

Hippocratic Corpus, 8, 193-194Hippocratic Oath, 7,89,121,122,193Hispaniola, 39Histoplasmosis, 44History, effect of disease on, 193-196History of Florence (Buoninsegni), 41Hitler, Adolf, 94, 156, 158, 190, 228Hoagland, Robert J., 186Hoerr, S.O., 130Hoffman, E.T.A., 96Hoffmann, Felix, 57Hoffmann-La Roche, 61, 62Holistic medicine, 126Holliday, John "Doc," 42Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 15, 232Holmes, Sherlock, 217Holocaust, 33-34, 228"Holy fire" epidemics, 55Homeopathy, 176-177Homosexuals, AIDS epidemic among,

208-209"Hong Kong flu," 41Hooke, Robert, 4, 13"Hooker's elbow," 78Hookworm, 196Hopps, John A. (Jack), 181Hospital Doctor, 18Hospitals, 149. See also names of

specific hospitalsvisiting rules in, 213

House of God, The (Shem), 11D-111,134

Hughes, Howard, 40Hugo, Victor, 157Human experimentation, 28, 142,

217-218as self-experimentation, 238

Human Genome Map, 26-27Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),

21,26,31,81-82

260 Index

Human T lymphotropic virus type III(HTLV-III),26

Humility, 144Humor

in acronyms, 110-111in aphorisms, 134-135in quotations, 149

Humpty-Dumpty syndrome, 100Hunt, "Moldy Mary," 59Hunter,John,4,14-15,28,98,139,

143,144,185,214,220,235-236,238

Hunterian chancre, 29, 98, 214Huntington, George S., 97, 155Huntington chorea/disease, 97,

155-156Hutchinson, Jonathan, 88, 99Hutchinson, Robert G., 145Hymen, 70Hyoscyamine, 186Hypertension, 31, 49, 124, 165Hyperthyroidism, 89Hypochondriasis, 80, 163Hypodermic syringe, 52Hypothalamic alveolar hypoventilation

syndrome, 96Hypothermia, 181Hysteria, 80-81Hysterotomy, 95-96

IIatrochemistry, 11Ibsen, Henrik, 157Ichthyosis, 74Idiot, The (Dostoevsky), 167Ignorance, admission of, 124Imhotep, 6, 28Independence Day (July 4th),

189Infants, sleeping position for, 213Infectious disease. See also specific

diseasesas mortality cause, 31

Infectious mononucleosis, 186Influenza, 41-42

"bird flu," 34, 41, 243epidemics of, 31, 32pandemics of, 32, 41-42

Influenza vaccines, 42

Institute of Medicine, 214Institute Pasteur, Paris, 26, 28, 218Insulin, 24, 31International HapMap Consortium,

26-27Internet, 231, 240

medical myths on, 205-207Iridology, 225Irving, Washington, 43Islam, 10Isoniazid, 51, 61-62"Italian disease," 39Ivan the Terrible, 40, 168

JJackson, Andrew, 163-164Jackson, Chevalier, 129Jargon and slang, medical, 116-118,

239-240Jaundice, catarrhal, 79Jefferson, Thomas, 16, 154, 161, 163,

169,189,196,231Jekyll and Hyde's syndrome, 100Jellyfish venom, immunization against,

179Jenner, Edward, 4, 16,28-29, 139-140,

143,176,177,179,185"Jersey finger," 76"Jesuits' Bark," 187Jesus Christ, 9, 33, 82, 186, 194, 216Jews, 33-34, 228Jillian, Ann, 162Joan of Arc, 168Job's syndrome, 100Johns Hopkins University, 177-178Johns Hopkins University School of

Medicine, 177-178,217Johnson, Earvin "Magic," 153Johnson, Lyndon B., 133-134Joint Committee on Detection,

Evaluation, and Treatment ofHypertension, 124

Jones, John, 191Joseph (biblical character), 186Joubert, Joseph, 133Journal of Irreproducible Results,

193Journal of the American Medical

Association, 25, 145-146, 193

Journals, medical. See also names ofspecific medical journals

first American, 191Joyce, James, 41Judas, 184Julius Caesar, 95-96, 157, 161July 4th, 189"Jumping disease," 182Jumping Frenchmen of Maine

syndrome,155,182"Jungle rot," 77Justinian, Emperor of Rome, 33

KKabuki syndrome, 183Kafka, Franz, 43Kalaniopu'u, Chief, 46Keats, John, 43Kellogg, John Harvey, 199, 222-223Kendall, Edward C., 218Kendig, E.L., 44Kennedy, Edward M., 162Kennedy, Joan, 162Kennedy, John F., 153, 166Killian's operation, 88"King's evil," 43Kipling, Rudyard, 149"Kissing disease," 186KISS principle, 129Knights Templar, 184Koch, Robert, 43, 218, 221-222Kochleffel syndrome, 182-183Koro, 181-182Kraepelin, Emil, 94-95Kroc, Ray, 161Kwashiokor,74

LLa Boheme, 42Lactose intolerance, 170Laennec, Rene, 43, 75,241Laetrile, 225-226La Fayette, Marquis de, 221Lamb, Albert R., 123Lambert, Jordan Wheat, 96Lancet, 94Land, Edwin H., 55Landmarks, in medical history,

234-237,244

Index 261

Lasegue, Ernest C., 131Latin language, 68Laudanum, 52Lawrence, Joseph, 96La-Z-Boy reclining chairs, 185Lead poisoning, 169Le Carre, John, 44Leclerc, Charles Victor Emmanuel,

195-196Lee, Robert E., 161, 196Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, 13-14,

27-28Legionnaires' disease, 99Lemon juice, as scurvy prophylaxis,

46Lenin, Vladimir, 40Lennon, John, 190-191Lens, 75Leopold, Prince of England, 177Leptospirosis, 205Lewis, Meriwether, 40,169-170Lewis and Clark Expedition, 169-170,

185Lichen simplex chronicus, 154Life, 146-147Life expectancy, 29, 31, 121Life Goes On (television series), 93"Like cures like," 176Lilliputian syndrome, 100Lilly,Eli, 21"Limeys," 14Lincoln, Abraham, 40, 164, 170, 190Lincoln, Mary Todd, 40, 161Lind, James, 4, 14,23,28-29,46, 139,

143Linnaeus, Carolus, 96"Linnaeus of Psychiatry," 94-95Lister, Joseph, 14-15, 19,28,96-97,140,

178,187Listerine, 29, 96-97, 187Literature, medical, 28-29. See

also Words and phrases,medical; specific authorsand titles

recommended reading in,231-234

reference books, 191-193"Little league pitcher's elbow," 77Llamas, as source of syphilis, 39

262 Index

LondonGreat Fire of (1666), 34Great Plague of (1664-1665),34

London Bridge, 189London Pharmacopoeia, 187Lord, Jack, 159Lou Gehrig disease, 100Louisiana Purchase, 195-196Louis XIV, King of France, 14Louis XVI, King of France, 221, 227Louverture, Toussaint, 195-196Lubeck, Germany, 218Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds (song),

190-191Ludendorff, Erich, 42Lumbar puncture, 202Lung cancer, smoking-related, 31Lupus, 75Lupus vulgaris, 43Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound,

221Lyme disease, 182

MMacArthur, Douglas, 158Macleod, IIR., 24Macphail, Andrew, 215Madison, James, 155Madness, 81"Magic Bullet," 22Magic Mountain, The (Mann), 42Magnetic fields, 224Magnetic Institute, 220-221Maimonides, Moses, 10,27,28,

124-125,138,142Malaria, 13, 22, 36-38, 55-56, 164, 186,

187,193,215Malin, Ali Maow, 36Mallon, Mary ("Typhoid Mary"),

217-218Malpighi, Marcello, 13Mandela, Nelson, 44Mandragora, 186-187Mandrake, 186-187Manet, Edouard, 40Mann, Thomas, 42Mao Zedong, 94Marburg virus, 34, 242-243March of Dimes, 172

Marcus Aurelius, 8, 232Marfan syndrome, 164, 170Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, 14,

221,227Marine Hospital Service, 207Mark Anthony, 79-80Marti-Ibanez, Felix, 3, 244Martinis, shaken versus stirred, 188Marx, Karl, 154Mary, Queen of Scots, 169Mary Tudor, Queen of England,

161Masochism, 101Mason, George, 154Massachusetts General Hospital,

17Mastoid, 75Mastroianni, Marcello, 161Masturbation, 223Maugham, W. Somerset, 147Mauldin, Bill, 193Maupassant, Guy de, 40Maxims, 120. See also AphorismsMayflower (ship), 97Mayo, Charles Horace, 147, 148Mayo, William James, 98, 127, 148,

208Mayo Clinic, 148,208McCartney, Paul, 190-191McClenahan, John L., 148McCollum, Elmer, 60McGill University, 177-178Measles, 13, 35, 47-48

"German," 84"liberty," 84

Measles immunization, 176Medical Aphorisms of Moses

Maimonides, 10,124-125,138Medical education, 241

reform of, 22-23, 141Medical history, landmarks in,

234-237,244Medical Repository, 191Medical residents, work hour rules for,

219Medical schools. See also names of

specific medical schoolscurriculum revisions in, 127

Medici, Catherine de', 83

Medicineadvances in, 241

fortuitous, 175-181art of, 144-146etymology of, 68"Fathers" of, 6future of, 242-243god of, 122, 207, 235

Meister, Joseph, 19Melioidosis, 33Meperidine (Demerol), 219Merbaphen (Novasurol), 180Mercator, CJerardus, 70Merck (pharmaceutical company),

218Mercury (element), 180-181, 185,

186Mercury (god), 176Mercury poisoning, 176Merrick, Joseph, 70Meruallide sodium (Mercuhydrin),

180-181Mesmer, Franz Anton, 220-221Metamorphopsia, 160Metamorphoses (Ovid), 38-49Metaphors, medical words as, 74-75Mexico, Spanish conquest of, 35-36,

193Microdoses, 176Microorganisms

discovery of, 13-14renaming of, 89-90

Microscope, 13, 27-28Middle Ages, 9-10, 33,138, 143Milk of Magnesia, 72Miller, Henry, 41Milton, John, 154Miltown (tranquilizer), 72Minamata disease, 73Mind-body medicine, 5Minnesota Medical Association, 208Miracles, 194, 195Misadventures, medical, 126, 199-230

medical blunders, 121, 199,214-219abbreviations as source of, 107in ancient Babylonia, 7

in medical etymology, 78-82misinformation and misconceptions,

199,207-213

Index 263

myths, 199-207on the Internet, 205-207

wrongdoing, 199,219-228Mitchell-Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics,

192Mitral valve, 84Mittelschmerz, 67-68, 74Mnemonics, acronyms as,

111-113Moliere, Jean-Baptiste, 12,84-85Monaco, royal family of, 179Mongolian idiocy, 94Monosodium glutamate, 76Monroe, Marilyn, 153, 157Montagnier, Luc, 26Montagu, Mary Wortley, 16Moore, Mary Tyler, 153, 162Moore, Thomas, 44Morell, Theodore, 190Morgagni, Giovanni Battista, 235Morgellon disease, 155, 182Morons, 84-85Morphine, 21, 52Morse, Samuel, 87Morse code, 87Mortality. See also Death and dying

causes of, 31, 184, 243Mortimer disease, 99Morton, William T.CJ., 17,23,27,28,

140,144,237Mosquitoes, as malaria vectors, 36, 37,

55Mouthwash, 96-97, 187Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 14,40Multiple sclerosis, 153Mummies, 34-35, 43,166-167Munchausen syndrome, 91-92Miinchhausen, Karl Friedrich

Hieronymus von, 92Museums, medical, 235-237"Musher's knee," 78Mustard gas, 61, 228Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 43Myofascial pain, trigger points in,

153Mythology, as source of medical words

and phrases, 67-68, 69-71Myths, medical, 199-207

on the Internet, 205-207

264 Index

NNails, hippocratic, 88-89Naples, Italy, 39Narcotics, 51-53National Parkinson Foundation,

158Native Americans, 36, 43, 46Natural selection, 155, 189Nature, 142Nausea, 85Nazis/Nazism, 156, 190, 228"Neapolitan disease," 39Nelson, Ann, 192Nelson, Jane, 192Nelson, Waldo E., 192, 240Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 192Neurosyphilis, 40, 168, 176, 186New England Journal of Medicine, 78,

191New England Journal of Medicine and

Surgery, 191New Paltz, New York, 153New Testament, 194Newton, Isaac, 4, 154, 175Newton-John, Olivia, 162New York State Public Health

Department, 62New York Times, 227-228Nicholas II, Tzar and Emperor of

Russia, 48Nicot, Jean, 96Nicotine, 96Nietzsche, Friedrich, 161Nightingale, Florence, 122, 171, 203Nitrogen mustard, 61Noah's Ark, 79Nobel, Alfred, 140-141, 161Nobel Prize winners, 238

Banting, Frederick, 24Chain, Ernst, 25, 58, 59Curies, Marie and Pierre, 20Einstein, Albert, 172Fleming, Alexander, 25, 58, 59Florey, Howard, 25, 58, 59Kendall, Edward C., 218Koch, Robert, 43Macleod, IIR., 24Pauling, Linus, 226Richet, Charles Robert, 179

Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 19-20Ross, Ronald, 37von Behring, Emil Adolf, 177

Northern Exposure (television series),122

Norwalk virus, 72Nostradamus, 154Number 13, fear of, 184Numerology, 200Nursing, 171Nux vomica, 190Nystatin, 62

oOath of the Hindu Physician, 122Oberammergau, Passion Play of, 34Obesity, 31, 92-93,122, 171Observation, 142Occam's Razor, 129O'Connor, Sandra Day, 162Oedipus, 70-71"Oedipus complex," 21O'Keeffe, Georgia, 157Ondine's curse, 96Onomatopoeia, 75-76Opium and opium derivatives,

51-53Oregon Medical Association, 203Orosius, Plague of, 194Orphan Annie eye, 101Orthopedics, 81Osler, William, 20-21, 31, 143, 145,

177-178,232,243,244aphorisms of, 20, 125-128, 129,

141eponyms associated with, 90on Huntington chorea/disease, 97knighthood of, 28on Maimonides, 10as medical hero, 125on Paracelsus, 11on penis captivus, 201on pickwickian syndrome, 92-93publications of, 191-192

Aphorisms, 20The Principles and Practice of

Medicine, 20, 191-192,240on syphilis, 38on varicose veins, 131

Osler disease (polycythemia vera), 87,90

Osler nodes, 90Osler-Vaquez disease, 29, 90Osmond, Donny, 155Otitis media, 213Ovid, 38-49Oxford SLEep Resistance (Osler) test,

93

pPacemakers, cardiac, 181Padua, Italy, 12,54,89,235Paget, James, 88Pain, as punishment, 85Panama Canal, 37-38,193Panic, etymology of, 70Panic attacks, 155Paracelsus, 11, 29, 51, 52, 96, 138, 144,

148Paralysis agitans, 94Parasitosis, delusional, 182Pare, Ambroise, 4,11-12,14-15,27,33,

138,143,144,147Paregoric, 52Paris, syphilis epidemic in, 40Parkinson, John, 94Parkinson disease, 42, 94, 158-159,

188Parks, Rosa, 159Parry, Caleb, 89Parry disease, 89Parsimony, therapeutic, 126Parvin, Theophilus, 201Pascal, Blaise, 155, 160Pasteur, Louis, 4, 19, 29, 32, 89, 140, 142,

175,177,179,236,239Pasteurella, 32, 89Pasteur Institute, 26, 28, 218Pasteurization, 19, 29, 89, 236Pasteur Museum, 236Pasteur vaccine, 89Patient-physician relationship,

147-148,241-242Patients

etymology of, 68famous persons as, 153-174fools as, 127immortalized in eponyms, 98-100

Index 265

Patient "Zero," 208-209Patterson, Floyd, 153-154, 159Patton, George, 157Pauling, Linus, 226Peabody, Francis W., 145-146"Peeping Toms," 201-202Pellagra, 23-24,28,60Peloponnesian War, 32-33Penicillin, 203, 227

discovery of, 24-25, 51, 58-59, 141,175

Hitler's use of, 190as syphilis treatment, 41, 186use during World War II, 190

Penis, atrophy of, 181-182Penis captivus, 201Pentobarbital (Nembutal), 57Percussion, of the chest, 188"Peregrinating problem patients,"

91Pertussis immunization, 176Petrarch, 147Pharmaceutical companies

Ayerst,62Eli Lilly & Company, 21Hoffmann-La Roche, 61, 62Merck, 218Squibb, 61, 62

Pharyngitis, 78Phenacetin, 210Phenobarbital (Luminal), 57Philadelphia Medical News, 201Phocomelia, 210Phrenic nerve, 81Phthisis, 43, 124Physicians, 147-149. See also names of

specific physiciansetymology of, 69to famous persons, 153"greatest of," 18"whispering," 223

Pica, 85Picasso, Pablo, 160Pick disease, 87Pickwickian syndrome, 92-93,

171-172Pinkham, Isaac, 221Pinkham, Lydia, 221Pinna, 75

266 Index

Pirate doctor, 226-227Pitt, William (the Elder), 154Plague

bubonic (Black Death), 9, 32-34, 195,223

positive outcome of, 45causal organism of, 89epidemics of, 9, 31, 32-34,194-195,

195,223pneumonic, 32relationship to Christianity,

194-195"Plague spreaders," 33-34Plaster of Paris, 73Plath, Sylvia, 44, 157Plato, 144Platysma muscle, 85Pliny the Elder, 147-148Plutarch, 232Pneumococcal vaccination, in the

elderly, 132Pneumonia, 125, 132, 164Poe, Edgar Allan, 40, 43, 157Pogo (comic strip character),

137Pogroms, 33-34Poison gas, 61Poliomyelitis, 80, 165, 172Poliomyelitis vaccine, 25-26, 28, 29,

141-142,199,204"Polish disease," 39Polypharmacy, 190Pontiac, 36Pope John Paul II, 94, 158Popeye syndrome, 101Porphyria, 169Post, C.W., 223Postal stamps, 91, 148Post-it notes, 175-176Postum Cereal Company, 223Pott, Percival, 98, 189Pott disease, 189Potter, Lloyd, 192-193Pott fractures, 98Pound, Ezra, 157Pox, great, 34Pregnancy, medical myths about,

200-201Premarin, 51, 62

Presidents. See also names of specificpresidents

health of, 162-166Presley, Elvis, 153Priapism, 70Priestley, Joseph, 15,60-61Primum non nocere ("first, do no

harm"), 119, 121-122, 135, 136Principles and Practice of Medicine,

The (Osler), 20, 29,191-192Professional, etymology of, 69Prognosis, 123"Prosecutor's wart," 43Proteus syndrome, 70Proverbs, 120Providers, etymology of, 69Psychiatric patients

deinstitutionalization of, 218-219euthanasia of, 98, 228

Psychiatry, 11,21-22"Linnaeus" of, 94-95

Public health, 8, 18, 121, 177Punic Wars, 186-187Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, 221Purging, 215Puzo, Mario, 161

QQ fever, 85Quackery, 223-225Quakers, 99, 215Quarantine, 33, 34Quarantine Island, 217-218Quinidine, 55Quinine, 13,51,55-56, 187Quotations, medical, 29, 136-150

RRabies, 85, 140Rabies vaccine, 19Rachel (biblical character), 186Racine, Jean, 12Radionics, 224-225Radiotherapy, 90Radium, discovery of, 20, 28, 140-141Rales,75Ramses V, Pharaoh, 34-35Rapunzel syndrome, 101Raspe, Rudolf Erich, 92

Rasputin, Grigori, 48Rats, as carriers of plague, 32, 34Rat urine, 205Ravel, Joseph-Maurice, 96, 159Reagan, Nancy, 159, 162Reagan, Ronald, 153, 159, 164Reference books, medical, 191-193Reformation, 138-139Reiter, Hans, 88Reiter syndrome, 88Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn),

12Renaissance, 9, 10-12, 79, 138-139,

143Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, 90Reno, Janet, 158Republican Party, 164Research, 142-143

fraud in, 228on the Internet, 240

Research teams, 238-239Residents, work hour rules for, 219Resolution, HMS (ship), 46Respiratory disease, smoking-related,

31Restless legs syndrome, 101Resurrection, of the dead, 194Resurrectionists, 220Rhazes, 10,27,28,35,138, 143,144Rheumatic fever, 89, 131RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression,

Elevation), 123Richet, Charles Robert, 179Rickets, 60Rifampin, 204Rififi (film), 204"Ring Around the Rosie," 34Rinne test, 88Ripkin, Cal, Jr., 100Ritonic, 211Ritter von Sacher-Masoch, Leopold,

100-101Road to Wellville, The (film), 223Robinson, Sugar Ray, 159Robinson, Victor, 22Robiquet, Pierre Jean, 52Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, 73,

78Rodgers, Jimmie, 44

Index 267

Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 19-20,27,28,29,68,90,178-179,201-202,238

eponyms associated with, 90Roentgen rays, 29, 90. See also X-raysRoentgen units, 90Romanov royal family, 48Rome, ancient, 84

languages of, 68malaria in, 37medicine in, 8-9,137-138,143plagues in, 194Punic Wars of, 186-187

Romeo and Juliet, 56Roosevelt, Anna Hall, 218Roosevelt, Eleanor, 44, 218Roosevelt, Elliott, 218Roosevelt, Franklin D., 49,165,172,

218Roosevelt, Theodore, 218Ross, Ronald, 37-38Roundtree, Richard, 162Royal Earlswood Asylum, 93-94Royal Navy, 201Royal Society, 13, 16, 28Rubella, 84Rubens, Peter Paul, 154"Runner's knee," 77Rush, Benjamin, 215, 216Russian Orthodox Church, 48"Russian pestilence," 41Rutherford,~argaret, 159Rye, ergot contamination of, 53, 54

SSabin, Albert, 26Sacrum, 85Sade, de, Marquis, 100Sadism, 100-101St. Anthony of Padua, 54St. Anthony of the Desert, 54-55St. Anthony's fire, 53-55, 241St. Anthony the Great, 54St. Barbara, 56St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London,

189St. Christopher's Hospital for Children,

Philadelphia, 90-91, 93St. Cyprian, 194

268 Index

St. Guy's Hospital, London, 189St. Luke, 161St. Mary's Hospital, London, 24St. Mary's Hospital, Rochester,

Minnesota, 98St. Paul, 97, 167Saladin, 124Salem witch trials, 54Salicylic acid, 57Salk, Jonas, 25-26, 28, 29, 141-142, 143,

238Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 26,

28Salk polio vaccine, 172Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, 203Saltpeter (potassium nitrate),

202-203Salvarsan (arsphenamine), 22, 27-28,

121,179,186Sammonicus, Serenus, 200Saranac Lake, New York, 44-45Satan's Apple, 186-187Satchmo syndrome, 101"Saturday night palsy," 77Saxl, Paul, 180Schedula Monitoria (Sydenham), 89Schick, Bela, 131Schizophrenia, 95, 219Schubert, Franz, 40Schweitzer, Albert, 145, 146Scorsese, Martin, 93Scrofula, 43Scrotal cancer, 189Scurv~14,23,46,55,60,143,185

Seeger, Pete, 155Seguin, Edward, 93Seizures, 157-158,220

febrile, 123Self-experimentation, 238Self-mutilation, 101Semmelweiss, Ignaz Philipp, 4,17-18,

28,140,143,236Sepsis, 18, 216Serendipity, in medicine, 90, 175-181Serotonin syndrome, 219Serturner, F.W.A., 52Seurat, Georges-Pierre, 160Sexual activity, dopamine antagonist-

related enhancement of, 188

Sexual intercourse, 84Sexually transmitted disease. See

Venereal diseaseSgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

(song),190-191Shakespeare, William, 12, 186, 232Shaw, George Bernard, 148, 149Sheep, 195Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 157Shen Nung, Emperor of China, 6Shingles, 75Shookjong(koro),181-182Shriver, Robert Sargent, 159Sickle cell anemia, 37Sigerist, Henry E., 143"Silo filler's disease, 76Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV),

204Simpson, James Young, 177Sister Mary Joseph node, 98"Skier's thumb," 77Slang, acronymic, 110-111Slang, medical, 116-118Slavery, 46,195-196Sleep, Hippocrates on, 123Sleep apnea, 171-172Sleepiness, excessive/daytime, 92-93,

171-172Sly syndrome, 87Smallpox, 34-36

in Andrew Jackson, 164epidemics of, 31, 32eradication of, 35, 36in George Washington, 163last naturally-occurring case of, 36varioloid form of, 190

Smallpox vaccination, 16, 35, 185Smith, Edwin, 6Smith,1. Louis, 84Smith, Kate, 161Smoking, as pulmonary disease cause,

31Snakes, as symbol of medicine, 207Sneeze reflex, photic, 183-184Snow, John, 4,18,27-28,140,143,177,

217-218,236Socrates, 7Somers, Suzanne, 162"Son of a gun," 201

Southern, E.M., 81-82"Spanish disease," 39Specialization, in medicine, 143Sphincter, 70-71Sphinx, 70-71Squibb, 61, 62Sri Lanka, 175Stalin, Joseph, 41, 49,166Starr, Ringo, 190-191Startle response, 182Steinem, Gloria, 162Stem cell research, 228Stethoscope, invention of, 241Stevenson, Robert Louis, 100, 149,

219-220Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.

Hyde, 100, 220Strasbourg, France, 33Streisand, Barbra, 155Streptomycin, 218Stroke, 31,49, 165,166Strychnine, 190Succussion, hippocratic, 88-89Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS),

213Suicide, 57, 170, 223

physician-assisted, 57. 21Sulfonamides, 190Surgery

antisepsis in, 19, 140history of, 5, 14-15, 17psychic, 226without anesthesia, 189

Swift, Jonathan, 100"Swine flu," 41Sydenham, Thomas, 13, 51, 80, 89, 122,

139.244,142,226-227Sydenham chorea, 13, 29, 89, 139Sydenham's Laudanum, 13Sylvius,12Syphilis, 38-41, 203, 214, 220

cause of, 22congenital, 38in famous persons, 168as the "great pox," 34Hunterian chancres of, 98introduction into the Pacific Islands,

46treatment for, 22, 176, 186

Index 269

TTabes mesenterica, 43Taft, William Howard, 122, 171-172Tait, Robert L., 131Tashima, C.K., 101Tashima syndrome, 101Taxonomy, "Father of," 96Taylor, Robert B., 44, 232-234Tchiakovsky, Pyotr (Peter) Ilyich, 157,

161Teeth, scurvy-related loss of, 185Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic,

90Temple University School of Medicine,

90,129,241Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 154, 157Tenochtitlan, Mexico, 35-36Terminology, of medicine. See Words

and phrases, medicalTerrorists, 36Testicular feminization syndrome, 168Testis, 85Testosterone, 190Tetanus immunization, 176, 177Thalassemia, 86Thalidomide, 210Theobromine, as diuretic, 180Theophylline, 180Therapeutics, Osler on, 126Thirteen, fear of, 184Thomas, Terry, 158Through the Looking-Glass (Carroll),

160Thucydides, 32-33Time magazine, 25

"Person of the Year," 158Tobacco smoking, as plague preventive,

34"Toilet spiders," 206Tolstoy, Leo, 161Tomasin, Miguel, 93Tomomania syndrome, 91Tonic water, 56Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, 40Tourette, de la, Georges Gilles, 90,182,

203Tourette syndrome, 90, 182, 203Tracy, Margaret, 62Tracy, Spencer, 157

270 Index

Tragus, 86Travell, Janet, 153, 166Treatment

abbreviations for, 104-106aphorisms about, 130-131

"Trench foot," 77"Trench mouth," 77-78Treponema pallidum, 22, 38Trevino, Lee, 120Triskaidekaphobia, 175, 184Trivia, medical, 184-191Trudeau, Edward L., 44-45Trudeau Sanitorium, Saranac Lake,

New York, 44-45Truman, Harry S, 158, 165Truth, medical, 241-242Trypanosomiasis, 22Tsetse fly, 74Tsutsugamushi disease, 74Tuberculin skin test, 222Tuberculosis, 42-45, 163, 164, 218

association with vampirism, 202causal bacillus of, 221-222drug-resistant, 43miliary, 43of the spine, 98treatment of, 61-62, 204, 218, 222

Tudor, Mary, 161Tularemia, 73, 75,89Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 227-228, 238Tutankhamun, King (Pharaoh),

166-167Twain, Mark (Samuel Clemens), 120,

157,190,191Typhoid fever, 217-218"Typhoid Mary," 217-218Typhus, 47

scrub, 74

UUncertainty, admission of, 124Unconsciousness, repeated episodes of,

123United States Medical Corps, 207United States Military Academy, West

Point, 186United States Public Health Service,

35,207University of Maryland Hospital, 129

University of Pennsylvania, 177-178,215

University of Wisconsin, 62Urban legends, 200-201, 202

VVaccines and vaccination, 19, 143

homeopathy and, 176-177Vagina, atrophy of, 181Vagus nerve, 86Vampirism, 202Van der Bergh, A.A. Hijmans,

179-180Van Gogh syndrome, 101Van Leeuwenhoek, Anton, 13-14,

27-28Van Rijn, Rembrandt, 12Varicose veins, 131Variolation,16Varioloid, 190Vein, Vesalian, 89Velcro, 175Venereal disease, 70. See also

Gonorrhea; SyphilisVenice, Italy, plague in, 33, 34Veronal,56Vesalius, Andreas, 12, 27, 28, 69, 71, 80,

83,138-139,142,143,144,235,244

eponyms associated with, 89Victoria, Queen of England, 48, 177Vietnam War, 77Villains, in medical history, 29Villeins, 195Vinci, Leonardo da, 129Vioxx, 126Virchow, Rudolf, 79,148, 177Viruses, 86Vitamin E supplementation, 213Vitamins, 59-61, 190VogI, Alfred, 180Voltaire (Arouet, Francois-Marie),

149von Basedow, Karl, 89von Behring, Emil Adolf, 177, 179von Economo disease, 42von Hohenheim, Theophrastus

Bombast. See ParacelsusVonnegut, Kurt, 44

wW. B. Saunders Company, 192-193Waardenburg, Petrus Johannes, 90-91Waardenburg syndrome, 90-91Wakes, 216Walpole, Horace, 175Warfarin, 62, 166Warren, Robert Penn, 196Washington, George, 36,163,168-169,

187,215-216Washington, Lawrence, 163Washington Star, 227-228Wasserman test, 22Water, 205Watt, James, 15Weavers (singing group), 155Weber-Christian syndrome, 87"Welder's conjunctivitis," 78Wenckebach Clinic, Vienna, 180Western blot test, 81-82"West German baby sitter," 210West Point (United States Military

Academy),186Wheezing, 129"Whispering physicians," 223White, Kerr L., 132White, Paul Dudley, 240Whitehead, Henry, 140Whitehead, Raymond, 137"White plague," 43Whooping cough, 76Wigs, 191Wilde, Oscar, 41William of Occam, 129Williams, William Carlos, 157Willie and Joe (cartoon), 193Willis,Thomas, 89Willow, as salicylic acid source, 57Wilson, Edith, 165Wilson, Woodrow, 164-165"Window tax," 124Wine, lead-containing, 169Withering, William, 4, 15, 28-29, 84Wood, Natalie, 157Woodward, Theodore E., 128-129

Index 271

Wool, 195Woolf, Virginia, 161Words and phrases, medical, 67-86

descriptive phases, 76-78echoic words, 7576etymologic curiosities, 82-86etymology (origin) of, 67-71euphemisms, 115-116of geographic origin, 72-73jargon and slang, 116-118,

239-240metaphoric words, 74-75

World Health Organization, 43World War 1,38,41-42,43,77-78,84,

164World War II, 25, 38, 52, 55, 59, 156,

164,190Wound care, 11-12Writing, medical, 191-193Wrongdoing, medical, 199,219-228Wyman, Jane, 161

XX-rays

chest, 131for tuberculosis diagnosis, 44discovery of, 19-20, 28, 68, 90,

178-179harmful effects of, 211of mummies, 167outsourced readings of, 148"Peeping Toms'" potential use by,

201-202

yYalta Conference, 49Yang/Yin, 6Yaws,39, 74Yellow fever, 37, 46,193,195-196,215Yersinia pestis, 32, 34, 89

ZZion, Libby, 121, 219Zola, Emile, 157Zoster, 75